Toolkit for Conservation of Urban Biodiversity

2022 ◽  
pp. 506-519
Author(s):  
Himanshhu Panwar ◽  
Meenakshi Dhote
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
City Development ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
The City ◽  
Biodiversity Planning ◽  
Complete Framework

Cities present multiple opportunities to create a more sustainable future by way of enhancing resource-efficiency and fostering innovation and political and social responsibility. The imperative for biodiversity in cities therefore goes beyond simple conservation to considerations of internalizing provisions of ecosystem services, which would otherwise be sought from outside the city. By presenting a practical approach to biodiversity planning and management, this toolkit seeks to help local governments harness available resources and opportunities to address global biodiversity loss by providing them a baseline of biodiversity, which would further help them to prepare local biodiversity strategy and action plan under the mandate of Biological Diversity Act 2002 providing the scope to municipal corporations to perform all activities relevant to overall biodiversity management. The study proposes a complete framework for formulating LBSAP using the existing tools for biodiversity assessment and how it can be incorporated into the city development plan for effective implementation.

The Main Results of the Ninth Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 249-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Buck
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Access And Benefit Sharing ◽  
Global Target ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Science Policy Interface ◽  
Global Biodiversity

AbstractThe Ninth Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (COP9) in May 2008 in Bonn was one of the major international environmental meetings in 2008. Its decisions significantly advance global biodiversity politics on a range of critical issues and thereby help achieving the global target of substantially reducing current rates of biodiversity loss by 2010. This article describes the main decision adopted by COP9 on biofuels, marine biodiversity, biodiversity and climate change, access and benefit-sharing and the science-policy interface of international biodiversity politics.

scholarly journals Four Steps for the Earth: mainstreaming the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. Milner-Gulland ◽  
Prue Addison ◽  
William Arlidge ◽  
Julia Baker ◽  
Hollie Booth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Mitigation Hierarchy ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
National Governments ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City

The upcoming meeting of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, and future adoption of the new Global Biodiversity Framework, represent an opportunity to transform humanity's relationship with nature. Restoring nature while meeting human needs requires a bold vision, but this will only succeed if biodiversity conservation can be mainstreamed in society. Here, we present an overarching framework that could support this mainstreaming: the Mitigation and Conservation Hierarchy. This novel framework places the well-established four-step Mitigation Hierarchy for mitigating and compensating the impacts of developments on biodiversity (1: Avoid, 2: Minimise, 3: Restore, 4: Offset, towards a target such as No Net Loss of biodiversity) within a broader framing that encompasses all conservation actions. We illustrate the potential application of the framework in four cases; national governments, sub-national levels (specifically the City of London, a fishery, and indigenous groups), companies, and the general public. The Mitigation and Conservation Hierarchy supports decisions about both the choice of actions to conserve and restore nature, and evaluation of the effectiveness of those actions, across sectors and scales. As such it can guide actions towards a sustainable future for people and nature in support of the CBD's vision.

scholarly journals Neutral theory exposes the challenge of bending the curve of biodiversity loss for the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falko Buschke
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Neutral Theory ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Biodiversity Indicators ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
20Th Anniversary ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Ecological Drift

In May, nations of the world will meet to negotiate the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework under the Convention on Biological Diversity. An influential ambition is “bending the curve of biodiversity loss”, which aims to reverse the decline of global biodiversity indicators. A second relevant, yet less prominent, milestone is the 20th anniversary of the publication of The Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography. Here, I apply neutral theory to show how global biodiversity indicators for population size (Living Planet Index) and extinction threat (Red List Index) decline under neutral ecological drift. This demonstrates that declining indicators alone do not necessarily reflect deterministic species-specific or geographical patterns of biodiversity loss. Thus, “bending the curve” could be assessed relative to a counterfactual based on neutral theory, rather than static baselines. If used correctly, the 20-year legacy of neutral theory can be extended to make a valuable contribution to the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework

scholarly journals Aichi Target 18 beyond 2020: mainstreaming Traditional Biodiversity Knowledge in the conservation and sustainable use of marine and coastal ecosystems

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e9616
Author(s):  
Paola Fajardo ◽  
David Beauchesne ◽  
Alberto Carbajal-López ◽  
Rémi M. Daigle ◽  
L. Denisse Fierro-Arcos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Biodiversity Knowledge ◽  
Global Biodiversity

Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs) have inhabited coastal areas, the seas, and remote islands for millennia, and developed place-based traditional ancestral knowledge and diversified livelihoods associated with the biocultural use of marine and coastal ecosystems. Through their cultural traditions, customary wise practices, and holistic approaches to observe, monitor, understand, and appreciate the Natural World, IPLCs have been preserving, managing, and sustainably using seascapes and coastal landscapes, which has been essential for biodiversity conservation. The international community has more than ever recognized the central role of IPLCs in the conservation of biodiversity-rich ecosystems, in particular, for the achievement of the Global Biodiversity Targets determined by the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity to tackle biodiversity loss. However, much remains to be done to fully recognize and protect at national levels IPLCs’ Traditional Biodiversity Knowledge (TBK), ways of life, and their internationally recognized rights to inhabit, own, manage and govern traditional lands, territories, and waters, which are increasingly threatened. At the 2018 4th World Conference on Marine Biodiversity held in Montréal, Canada, eight themed working groups critically discussed progress to date and barriers that have prevented the achievement of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets agreed for the period 2011–2020, and priority actions for the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. Discussions in the “Application of Biodiversity Knowledge” working group focused on Targets 11 and 18 and the equal valuation of diverse Biodiversity Knowledge Systems (BKS). This Perspective Paper summarizes the 10 Priority Actions identified for a holistic biodiversity conservation, gender equality and human rights-based approach that strengthens the role of IPLCs as biodiversity conservation decision-makers and managers at national and international levels. Furthermore, the Perspective proposes a measurable Target 18 post-2020 and discusses actions to advance the recognition of community-based alternative conservation schemes and TBK to ensure the long-lasting conservation, customary biocultural use, and sustainable multi-functional management of nature around the globe.

scholarly journals Before the fire: Assessing post-wildfire flooding and debris-flow hazards for pre-disaster mitigation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Youberg ◽  
Joseph B. Loverich ◽  
Michael J. Kellogg ◽  
Jonathan E. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Critical Facilities ◽  
The City

Abstract. Increasing size and severity of wildfires, and the expanding built environment into the wildland-urban interface makes it imperative that local governments identify, prepare for and reduce risks to people and infrastructure from wildfires and the aftermaths of fires. Here we report on a pre-wildfire assessment of post-fire hazards in Coconino County, Arizona, the mitigation measures identified and implemented as a result of the study, and proposed changes to the assessment methodology for upcoming studies. Results from the Coconino County study indicate that up to 34 % of the buildings, and up to 26 % of the critical facilities countywide are at some level of increased risk of post-fire flooding if no actions are taken to reduce the risk of severe wildfires. As many as 593 homes (2,191 parcels) in Coconino County, as well as 13 dams and other critical facilities, may be impacted by post-fire debris flows. In two smaller areas of detailed study, flood peaks could increase as much as 4–5 times the existing 100-year flood levels, with up to a 350 % increase in the number of buildings in flood-prone areas. Debris flows will likely be limited in aerial extent but could impact a much larger area from following floods and sediment-laden flows. Mitigation measures identified and implemented as a result of this study include County Coconino County coordination with the Kaibab National Forest in regard to forest health projects, development of a post-wildfire emergency action plan for the City of Williams, development of a Post-Fire, Pre-Disaster plan for the City of Williams and educating the City of Williams and County officials and business stakeholders of the post-fire flood risk. Other mitigation measures that are still in the planning stage include installation of additional early flood warning system gages, and increasing building and infrastructure resiliency through channel conveyance improvement and utility protection projects. For two upcoming assessments, we plan to use a new statistical methodology to develop burn severity maps using historical burns, and we plan to employ a new process-based debris-flow model developed for use in Arizona to assess debris-flow inundation limits.

scholarly journals Human centered development of Russian megacities: Opportunities and limitations

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-201
Author(s):  
Olga Vasil'evna Artemova ◽  
◽  
Natalia Modestovna Logacheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
City Development ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
The City

Currently, the role of the big cities in the development of economy and society, the organization of high-quality urban space for people are widely discussed. However, there are still many unresolved urban issues with the crucial one being the need for the city-person interaction. Better interaction, diversity in satisfying the population’s needs, feedback from an active citizen who influences the development of the city are the attributes of modern metropolis that competes for any person. City’s advantages result in a greater population size and better quality of their life. Otherwise, the city shows the degradation signs and population decline. The purpose of the study is to justify the need for a multi-criteria assessment of living conditions in the Russian megalopolises under the citizens’ needs and the improvement of modern urban space. This assessment could guide the managerial decisions in defining the strategic priorities in city development. The following methodological tools were used: experts’ assessments of urban environment quality, demographic analysis of urban population movement; positioning of Russian megacities by criteria ‘urban environment quality’ and ‘population’s cost of living’, their grouping by the qualitative characteristics of urban environment; content analysis of the strategic documents for the development of the largest megacities. The novelty of the study is a new interpretation of the concept of ‘place’ in terms of the urban area. It is defined in a broader sense rather than a particular localization with the borders. It is an urban environment with a set of different opportunities to meet citizens’ growing needs. The study arrives at the approaches to a multi-criteria assessment of the living conditions in million cities under the citizens’ needs. To do this, the authors applied the methods of the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities in the Russian Federation and analyzed the conditions and dynamics of the urban environment, studied the demographic processes, and evaluated the megalopolis attractiveness under the income and cost of living ratio. This revealed the challenges of the cities which could be theoretically solved in the strategic documents of megalopolis development, while the development of efficient mechanisms could help in the practical implementation of the solutions (municipal programs and projects). The article offers to analyze and constantly update the strategic documents of the million cities with regard to the public opinion and the needs of city dwellers in high-quality urban space. The authors worded the need to re-define the urban space which used to be interpreted as a place for living and the human role in its development. The results of the study could be of interest to public authorities and local governments that strategically manage the million cities. Further research is seen to be connected with the development of a comprehensive integral multi-criteria assessment for the current condition and dynamics in the urban space quality to define the megalopolis competitiveness in terms of their interest for the citizens.

scholarly journals Investment attractiveness rating and factors affecting

Accounting ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
Irany Windhyastiti ◽  
Syarif Hidayatullah ◽  
Umu Khouroh
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Development Process ◽  
City Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The City

This research aims to determine: 1) rating of investment attraction based on investor assessment; and 2) the factors which have significant effects on investment attraction of the city. Location research is in Batu city Indonesia with number of samples as 65 investors. The data analysis technique of this study uses a Multiple Regression Analysis. The independent variables used in this study are: 1) infrastructure; 2) labor availability; 3) agglomeration; 4) natural resources, 5) markets; 6) licensing system, and 7) leadership. Investment attraction is indicated with rating assessment by investors. The results show: 1) rating of Batu city investment attraction is high; and 2) licensing system and leadership have significant influences on investment attraction. Based on the result, it is very important for a city to create a conducive climate (pro investment) to attract investors, especially in the ease of the licensing system. In addition, local governments must be able to provide positive signals in the form of commitment for the investment development in Batu city. This is necessary since the city development process really needs investor support.

scholarly journals Cost-effective priorities for the expansion of global terrestrial protected areas: Setting post-2020 global and national targets

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (37) ◽  
pp. eabc3436
Author(s):  
Rui Yang ◽  
Yue Cao ◽  
Shuyu Hou ◽  
Qinyi Peng ◽  
Xiaoshan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Conservation Priority ◽  
Global Biodiversity

Biodiversity loss is a social and ecological emergency, and calls have been made for the global expansion of protected areas (PAs) to tackle this crisis. It is unclear, however, where best to locate new PAs to protect biodiversity cost-effectively. To answer this question, we conducted a spatial meta-analysis by overlaying seven global biodiversity templates to identify conservation priority zones. These are then combined with low human impact areas to identify cost-effective zones (CEZs) for PA designation. CEZs cover around 38% of global terrestrial area, of which only 24% is currently covered by existing PAs. To protect more CEZs, we propose three scenarios with conservative, moderate, and ambitious targets, which aim to protect 19, 26, and 43% of global terrestrial area, respectively. These three targets are set for each Convention on Biological Diversity party with spatially explicit CEZs identified, providing valuable decision support for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework.

scholarly journals Practical approach to the sustainable development in cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Maria Mąkólska-Tenold ◽  
Monika Bąk
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
City Development ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Sustainability Strategies ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

The concept of sustainable development increasingly affects cities and the challenges they face. At the present stage of sustainability awareness it is desired that the discussion about the city development combines the financial aspects and harmonious social relationships with the natural environment. The role of local authorities in implementation processes is undeniable. The objective of the paper is to verify theoretical assumptions regarding sustainable development governance in cities. A special attention is paid to transport and logistics solutions as supported measures but also as barriers of implementation. The detailed questionnaire in the form of the survey was chosen to examine how local governments practice the concept of the green urban economy to strengthen the sustainable development in different cities. Results prove that Scandinavian cities, in comparison to other European and some North American cities, are indisputable leaders in the development and implementation of sustainability strategies. They extensively involve stakeholders and facilitate open dialogue approach, create public-private partnerships and stimulate more sustainable behaviour through variety of financial incentives.

scholarly journals Kunming Summit on the Convention on Biological Diversity and China’s Environmental Diplomacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Yu Hongyuan ◽  
Zhu Yunjie
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Strategic Action ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Environmental Diplomacy ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Economic Landscape ◽  
Biodiversity Governance

Beijing’s environmental diplomacy has gained growing momentum in recent years, reflecting China’s activism in a shifting global political and economic landscape. The upcoming 15th Conference of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity in Kunming in southwestern China will be the first biodiversity-themed event Beijing will host since it signed up for global biodiversity governance in the early 1990s, offering another opportunity for Beijing to contribute its proposals and perspective to the global response to another slow-moving but deepening crisis. Despite the raised international expectations about the conference and the strategic action plan it is expected to produce, the focus of global biodiversity governance should be on delivering real results on existing pledges by addressing the major institutional shortcomings and building up national capabilities.

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