The Effects of Taping on Muscle Activity and Throwing Velocity in Fatigued Baseball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Kara-Lyn R. Harrison ◽  
Paolo Sanzo ◽  
Carlos Zerpa ◽  
Taryn Klarner
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Kinesio Tape ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Performance

Due to the repetitive high forces and torques placed on an individual during a baseball pitch, shoulder pain is present in 46-57% of pitchers. Therapeutic taping has been proposed to have beneficial qualities in injury prevention, rehabilitation, and performance enhancement via muscular facilitation. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of taping on the velocity of an overhead baseball throw and muscle activation patterning of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and pectoralis major muscles in baseball players after muscle fatigue was induced. Participants were asked to complete three pre-test maximum velocity overhead throws, a fatiguing protocol, followed by three post-test maximum velocity pitches. There was no statistically significant difference in throwing velocity or muscle activity with the application of the different taping conditions in the three phases of an overhead baseball throw. These finding suggest Kinesio Tape® does not change muscle activation or velocity of overhead baseball throws when compared to a no tape condition.

scholarly journals Performance and Return to Sport Following Ulnar Nerve Transposition/Decompression in Professional Baseball Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7_suppl4) ◽  
pp. 2325967118S0016
Author(s):  
Brandon J. Erickson ◽  
Peter Nissen Chalmers ◽  
John D’Angelo ◽  
Kevin Ma ◽  
Anthony A. Romeo
Keyword(s):  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Nerve Decompression ◽  
Ulnar Nerve Transposition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Nerve Transposition

Background: Isolated ulnar nerve decompression/transposition is an uncommon surgery amongst professional baseball players. Purpose: To determine the rate of return to sport (RTS) and performance upon RTS in professional baseball players following isolated ulnar nerve decompression/transposition, including those who required an ulnar nerve transposition/decompression following ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR), and to determine if outcomes differ between players with isolated ulnar nerve decompression/transposition and matched controls. Hypothesis: There is a high rate of RTS in professional baseball players undergoing isolated ulnar nerve decompression/transposition with no significant difference in RTS rate or performance (specifically related to the primary outcome performance variables of earned run average (ERA), WHIP ((walks +hits)/innings pitched), wins above replacement (WAR), and on base + slugging percentage (OPS)) between cases and controls. Methods: All professional baseball players who underwent isolated ulnar nerve decompression/transposition between 2010-2016 were included. Demographic and performance data (pre and post surgery) for each player was recorded. Performance metrics were then compared between cases and a group of matched controls. Results: Overall 52 players, 83% pitchers (14 who underwent prior UCLR) were included. Most surgeries (92%) were anterior subcutaneous transpositions. Overall, 62% of players were able to successfully RTS and 56% returned to the same or a higher level. There was no significant difference between cases and controls in the majority of performance metrics pre-operative or post-operatively, specifically ERA, WHIP, WAR, and OPS. When players who had a UCLR prior to their ulnar nerve transposition/decompression were compared to controls with a history of a UCLR but who did not go on to have an ulnar nerve transposition/decompression, the only performance difference of all the recorded metrics was cases allowed more walks per 9 innings (4.4 vs. 2.8; p=0.011). Conclusion: Anterior subcutaneous transposition is the most common surgery in professional baseball players to address ulnar nerve compression. Players have a 62% rate of RTS. Upon RTS, players performance compared to matched controls remains the same in the majority of performance metrics including ERA, WHIP, WAR, and OPS. Post-operatively, pitchers with a UCLR prior to ulnar nerve transposition/decompression performed the same as matched controls with prior UCLR.

Validation and comparison of trunk muscle activities in male participants during exercise using an innovative device and abdominal bracing maneuvers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yuki Kurokawa ◽  
Satoshi Kato ◽  
Satoru Demura ◽  
Kazuya Shinmura ◽  
Noriaki Yokogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Internal Oblique

BACKGROUND: Abdominal bracing is effective in strengthening the trunk muscles; however, assessing performance can be challenging. We created a device for performing abdominal trunk muscle exercises. The effectiveness of this device has not yet been evaluated or compared OBJECTIVE: We aimed to quantify muscle activity levels during exercise using our innovative device and to compare them with muscle activation during abdominal bracing maneuvers. METHODS: This study included 10 men who performed abdominal bracing exercises and exercises using our device. We measured surface electromyogram (EMG) activities of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique, internal oblique (IO), and erector spinae (ES) muscles in each of the exercises. The EMG data were normalized to those recorded during maximal voluntary contraction (%EMGmax). RESULTS: During the bracing exercise, the %EMGmax of IO was significantly higher than that of RA and ES (p< 0.05), whereas during the exercises using the device, the %EMGmax of IO was significantly higher than that of ES (p< 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the %EMGmax of any muscle between bracing exercises and the exercises using the device (p= 0.13–0.95). CONCLUSIONS: The use of our innovative device results in comparable activation to that observed during abdominal bracing.

scholarly journals Performance and Return to Sport Following Open Reduction Internal Fixation About the Elbow in Professional Baseball Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0037
Author(s):  
Brandon J. Erickson ◽  
Peter Nissen Chalmers ◽  
John D’Angelo ◽  
Kevin Ma ◽  
Anthony A. Romeo
Keyword(s):  
Stress Fracture ◽  
Open Reduction ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Olecranon Fracture ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Olecranon Fractures

Objectives: The results of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of stress reactions and fractures of the olecranon in professional baseball players with regards to return to sport (RTS) are unknown. The purpose was to determine the RTS rate and performance in professional baseball players following ORIF of acute, displaced olecranon fractures and olecranon stress fractures, and to compare RTS rate and performance to matched controls. The authors hypothesized that there is a high rate of RTS in professional baseball players following ORIF of acute, displaced olecranon fractures and olecranon stress fractures with no significant difference in rate of RTS or performance, specifically related to the primary outcome performance variables of win-loss percentage (W-L%), WHIP ((walks +hits)/innings pitched), fielding independent pitching (FIP), and wins above replacement (WAR)) between cases and controls between cases and controls. Methods: All professional baseball players who underwent ORIF of the olecranon between 2010-2016 were included. Demographic and performance data (pre and post surgery) for each player was recorded. Performance metrics were then compared between cases and a group of matched controls. Results: Overall, 52 professional baseball players (average age 22.6 +/- 3.6 years) underwent ORIF of an olecranon fracture. The majority of players sustained a primary olecranon stress fracture (73%), that was fixed with one screw (60%), with a RTS rate of 67.5%. No difference in RTS rate existed between matched controls and the players. No significant difference existed between the primary preoperative and postoperative performance (change in performance) metrics for pitchers who underwent ORIF of an acute, displaced olecranon fracture or ORIF of a primary olecranon stress fracture. No significant difference existed between pitchers who underwent ORIF of a primary olecranon stress fracture and matched controls in any of the primary performance metrics. Conclusion: Professional baseball players who undergo ORIF of an olecranon fracture (either acute, displaced or stress fracture) have a RTS rate of 67.5%, which is no different than natural attrition from matched controls. No decline in performance metrics is seen in players who are able to RTS when compared to their preoperative performance, or to the performance of matched controls.

scholarly journals Electromyographic responses to Nordic curl and prone leg curl exercises in football players

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 288-298
Author(s):  
Murat Çilli ◽  
Merve N. Yasar ◽  
Onur Çakir
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Activation Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Activation Rates ◽  
Short Time

Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study is to examine the electromyographic responses to Nordic curl and prone leg curl exercises, having two different mechanics. Material and Methods. The athletes performed the prone leg curl and Nordic curl exercises in random order, 6 repetitions each. Electromyographic data of semimemranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris and rectus femoris muscles were recorded by 8-channel electromyography in order to examine the muscle responses to exercises. Total duration of exercise, cumulative integrated electromyographic values and muscle activation rates in 5 different intensity zones determined according to MVC% values have been compared. Results. Prone leg curl exercise occurred in less time than Nordic curl exercise. According to the cumulative integrated electromyography data results, all muscles showed similar muscle activation in both exercises. Comparing the muscle activation rates in the five intensity zones, more muscle activity was observed for Nordic curl exercise in the first intensity zone, while prone leg curl exercise was more active in the third and fourth zones. During the prone leg curl exercise, the muscle activation rate of the dominant leg is higher in the first intensity zone, whereas the non-dominant leg in the fourth intensity zone has a higher muscle activation. During the Nordic curl exercise, the muscle activation rates of the dominant leg in the first and fifth intensity zones are higher, whereas the nondominant leg in the fourth intensity zone is higher. Conclusions. Prone leg curl exercises can be preferred in order to stimulate high muscle activation in a short time. Comparing the two exercises there was no significant difference in muscle activity in dominant and nondominant legs.

Performance and Return to Sport After Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of the Olecranon in Professional Baseball Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1915-1920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon J. Erickson ◽  
Peter N. Chalmers ◽  
John D’Angelo ◽  
Kevin Ma ◽  
Christopher S. Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Fracture ◽  
Open Reduction ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Olecranon Fracture ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Olecranon Fractures

Background: The results of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of stress reactions and fractures of the olecranon among professional baseball players with regard to return to sport (RTS) are unknown. Purpose/Hypothesis: To determine the RTS rate and performance of professional baseball players after ORIF of acute, displaced olecranon fractures and olecranon stress fractures and to compare the RTS rate and performance with that of matched controls. The authors hypothesized that there is a high rate of RTS among professional baseball players after ORIF of acute, displaced olecranon fractures and olecranon stress fractures with no significant difference in rate of RTS or performance between cases and controls. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All professional baseball players who underwent ORIF of the olecranon between 2010 and 2016 were included. Demographic and performance data (before and after surgery) for each player were recorded. Performance metrics were then compared between cases and a group of matched controls. Results: Overall, 52 professional baseball players (mean ± SD age, 22.6 ± 3.6 years) underwent ORIF of an olecranon fracture. The majority of players sustained a primary olecranon stress fracture (73%) that was fixed with 1 screw (60%), with an overall RTS rate of 67.5%. No difference in RTS rate existed between matched controls and the cases. No significant difference existed between the primary pre- and postoperative performance metrics (ie, change in performance) for pitchers who underwent ORIF of an acute, displaced olecranon fracture or ORIF of a primary olecranon stress fracture. No significant difference existed between pitchers who underwent ORIF of a primary olecranon stress fracture and matched controls in any of the primary performance metrics. Three cases and 2 controls underwent ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction later in their careers after olecranon ORIF. Conclusion: Professional baseball players who undergo ORIF of an olecranon fracture (acute, displaced, or stress) have an RTS rate of 67.5% (57.6% to the same or higher level), which is no different from natural attrition among matched controls. No decline in performance metrics was seen among players who were able to RTS when compared with their preoperative performance or the performance of matched controls.

A Pilot Study: Perceptual Effects of the Voodoo Floss Band on Glenohumeral Flexibility

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany N. Kiefer ◽  
Kyle E. Lemarr ◽  
Christopher C. Enriquez ◽  
Kristin A. Tivener ◽  
Todd Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Band Group ◽  
Observational Design

Even though adaption of the Voodoo Floss Band is gaining momentum, evidence-based literature on its effectiveness remains sparse. The purpose of this quantitative observational design study was to investigate the effects of the Voodoo Floss Band on soft-tissue flexibility and perception of movement. A repeated-measures ANOVA with between-subjects factor demonstrated both groups significantly improved GH flexion range of motion from pretest to post-test but there was not a statistically significant difference between the groups. Perceptions of flexibility increased more for the Voodoo Floss Band group, demonstrating a psychological increase in GH flexion, but not a physical increase.

Reflections on Providing Personal and Performance Enhancement Consulting Services in Professional Baseball

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey A. Dorfman
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Consulting Services ◽  
Minor League ◽  
And Performance

This article describes the delivery of personal and performance enhancement consulting services to the major league and minor league teams in the Oakland Athletics baseball organization over a 6-year period. The use of a combined clinical, educational approach is discussed as well as the range and type of services provided in the role as a full-time instructor/counselor. Factors affecting the effectiveness of delivering sport psychology services to professional baseball players are discussed, with special emphasis on developing trust and a good connection in the player/consultant relationship.

scholarly journals Lack of Evidence for Non-Local Muscle Fatigue and Performance Enhancement in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 339-348
Author(s):  
Gerard M.J. Power ◽  
Emily Colwell ◽  
Atle Hole Saeterbakken ◽  
Eric J. Drinkwater ◽  
David G. Behm
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Small Magnitude ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Proxy Measure ◽  
Non Local ◽  
And Performance

Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) is an improvement to voluntary muscle performance following a conditioning activity. There is evidence of fatigue resistance deficits in non-exercised muscles following unilateral fatiguing exercise of a contralateral muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine if a unilateral conditioning exercise protocol could induce PAPE in a contralateral, non-exercised muscle in young healthy adults. Thirty-two recreationally trained (n = 16) and athletically trained (n = 16) participants (16 males; age: 22.9 ± 2.03 years; height: 1.81 ± 0.06 m; weight: 82.8 ± 9.43 kg, and 16 females; age: 23.1 ± 2.80 years; height: 1.67 ± 0.07 m; weight: 66.4 ± 11.09 kg) were randomly allocated into two groups (dominant or non-dominant limb intervention). The experimental intervention, involved a conditioning exercise (4-repetitions of 5-seconds knee extension maximal voluntary isometric contractions: MVIC) with either the dominant (DOM) (n = 16) or non-dominant (ND) (n = 16) knee extensors with testing of the same (exercised) or contralateral (non-exercised) leg as well as a control (no conditioning exercise: n = 32) condition. Testing was performed before, 1-minute and 10-minutes after a high intensity, low volume, conditioning protocol (2 sets of 2x5-s MVIC). Pre- and post-testing included MVIC force and F100 (force developed in the first 100 ms: a proxy measure of rate of force development) and unilateral drop jump (DJ) height and contact time. There were no significant MVIC peak force or EMG nor DJ height or contact time interactions (intervention x limb dominance x time). The pre-test (0.50 ± 0.13) dominant leg MVIC F100 forces exceeded (p = 0.02) both post-test and post-10 min by a small magnitude 8.7% (d = 0.31). There was also a significant (p = 0.02) time x intervention leg x testing leg intervention, although it was observed that the control condition was as likely to demonstrate small to large magnitude changes as were the dominant and non-dominant legs. Following the conditioning activity, there was no significant evidence for non-local improvements (PAPE), or performance decreases.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Trunk Muscle Activation and Core Stability: A Biomechanical Analysis of Pilates-Based Stabilization Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12804
Author(s):  
Kyeongjin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Stabilization Exercise ◽  
The Core ◽  
3D Motion Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Pilates is an effective exercise method for rehabilitating musculoskeletal disorders as its principles are based on the activation of local muscles. This study aimed to compare the subjects with and without Pilates experience to find out the effect of the experience on the core muscle activity and muscle co-contraction, and to examine the relationship between the core muscle activation level and the kinematic data. This study involved 32 subjects, including 16 experienced Pilates practitioners and 16 non-experienced subjects. The knee stretch on the reformer was performed in three different positions: flat back with a neutral pelvis, round back with posteriorly tilted pelvis (RPP), and extended back anteriorly tilted pelvis (EAP). The electromyography of the internal oblique (IO), rectus abdominis (RA), multifidus (MU), and iliocostalis lumborum (IL) muscles were measured, as well as kinematic data from a 3D motion analysis system. Compared to the non-experienced subjects, the experienced subjects activated the IO muscles more than the RA muscles, and the most significant difference was seen in the RPP position (p < 0.05). The experienced patients activated the MU muscles more often than the IL muscles, with the most significant difference observed in the RPP position and the least significant in the EAP position (p < 0.05). All kinematic data and muscle activity (IO, IO/RA ratio, MU/IL ratio) showed significant differences between the experienced and non-experienced subjects (p < 0.05). The subjects presented a moderate correlation between muscle activation and core stability. It was confirmed that the experienced Pilates practitioners activated the abdominal and low back core muscles effectively, and the stability of the pelvis and trunk were better than that of the non-experienced participants. In addition, the better the trunk stability was maintained, the larger and more accurate movement of the mobility segment was observed.

scholarly journals Immediate Effect of Occlusal Errors on Masticatory Muscle Activity in Denture Wearers: A Pilot Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Wicks ◽  
David Cagna ◽  
Robert Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Masticatory Muscle ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Occlusal Interferences ◽  
Masticatory Muscle Activity

ABSTRACT Over the past three decades, little scientific progress has been made relative to occlusion in conventional complete dentures. Equal distribution of functional load throughout the residual denture foundation is likely an important factor in prosthesis stability and patient acceptance of dentures. A better understanding the relationship between denture occlusion and the physiologic behavior of muscles involved in mastication may prove beneficial in the clinical management of edentulism. The purpose of the present study was to determine the short-term immediate effects of unilateral and bilateral posterior occlusal interferences on masticatory muscle activity in edentulous patients treated with conventional complete dentures. Bilateral EMG activity of the anterior temporalis and masseter muscles was recorded in ten subjects at baseline, following introduction of unilateral posterior occlusal interferences, and following introduction of bilateral posterior interferences. During each experimental event, muscle activity was recorded bilaterally at maximal clench and the intended denture occlusion was electronically verified. Patients responded to questionnaires after each experimental intervention and following removal of occlusal interferences. Student's paired t-test was used to compare the data obtained (p = 0.05). Results indicate no significant difference in EMG values at baseline, after introduction of bilateral posterior interferences, after the introduction of unilateral right posterior interferences and after removal of the occlusal interference. In the group with unilateral left posterior occlusal interferences there was a significant reduction in the EMG activity of the left masseter. Analysis of questionnaires did not reveal any significant findings. Taken together, results suggest that there was no significant difference in the EMG values of the patient after the introduction of the posterior interferences. How to cite this article Ahuja S, Wicks R, Cagna D, Brandt R, Scarbecz M. Immediate Effect of Occlusal Errors on Masticatory Muscle Activity in Denture Wearers: A Pilot Study. Int J Exper Dent Sci, 2012;1(1):1-7.

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