scholarly journals The Relationship of Trunk Muscle Activation and Core Stability: A Biomechanical Analysis of Pilates-Based Stabilization Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12804
Author(s):  
Kyeongjin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Stabilization Exercise ◽  
The Core ◽  
3D Motion Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Pilates is an effective exercise method for rehabilitating musculoskeletal disorders as its principles are based on the activation of local muscles. This study aimed to compare the subjects with and without Pilates experience to find out the effect of the experience on the core muscle activity and muscle co-contraction, and to examine the relationship between the core muscle activation level and the kinematic data. This study involved 32 subjects, including 16 experienced Pilates practitioners and 16 non-experienced subjects. The knee stretch on the reformer was performed in three different positions: flat back with a neutral pelvis, round back with posteriorly tilted pelvis (RPP), and extended back anteriorly tilted pelvis (EAP). The electromyography of the internal oblique (IO), rectus abdominis (RA), multifidus (MU), and iliocostalis lumborum (IL) muscles were measured, as well as kinematic data from a 3D motion analysis system. Compared to the non-experienced subjects, the experienced subjects activated the IO muscles more than the RA muscles, and the most significant difference was seen in the RPP position (p < 0.05). The experienced patients activated the MU muscles more often than the IL muscles, with the most significant difference observed in the RPP position and the least significant in the EAP position (p < 0.05). All kinematic data and muscle activity (IO, IO/RA ratio, MU/IL ratio) showed significant differences between the experienced and non-experienced subjects (p < 0.05). The subjects presented a moderate correlation between muscle activation and core stability. It was confirmed that the experienced Pilates practitioners activated the abdominal and low back core muscles effectively, and the stability of the pelvis and trunk were better than that of the non-experienced participants. In addition, the better the trunk stability was maintained, the larger and more accurate movement of the mobility segment was observed.

scholarly journals The Effects of Core Stabilization Exercise with the Abdominal Drawing-in Maneuver Technique versus General Strengthening Exercise on Lumbar Segmental Motion in Patients with Clinical Lumbar Instability: A Randomized Controlled Trial with 12-Month Follow-Up

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7811
Author(s):  
Rungthip Puntumetakul ◽  
Pongsatorn Saiklang ◽  
Weerasak Tapanya ◽  
Thiwaphon Chatprem ◽  
Jaturat Kanpittaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Segmental Motion ◽  
Lumbar Instability ◽  
Stabilization Exercise ◽  
Core Stabilization ◽  
Core Stabilization Exercise

Trunk stability exercises that focus on either deep or superficial muscles might produce different effects on lumbar segmental motion. This study compared outcomes in 34 lumbar instability patients in two exercises at 10 weeks and 12 months follow up. Participants were divided into either Core stabilization (deep) exercise, incorporating abdominal drawing-in maneuver technique (CSE with ADIM), or General strengthening (superficial) exercise (STE). Outcome measures were pain, muscle activation, and lumbar segmental motion. Participants in CSE with ADIM had significantly less pain than those in STE at 10 weeks. They showed significantly more improvement of abdominal muscle activity ratio than participants in STE at 10 weeks and 12 months follow-up. Participants in CSE with ADIM had significantly reduced sagittal translation at L4-L5 and L5-S1 compared with STE at 10 weeks. Participants in CSE with ADIM had significantly reduced sagittal translations at L4-L5 and L5-S1 compared with participants in STE at 10 weeks, whereas STE demonstrated significantly increased sagittal rotation at L4-L5. However, at 12 months follow-up, levels of lumbar sagittal translation were increased in both groups. CSE with ADIM which focuses on increasing deep trunk muscle activity can reduce lumbar segmental translation and should be recommended for lumbar instability.

scholarly journals Biomechanical analysis of an unpowered hip flexion orthosis on individuals with and without multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross M. Neuman ◽  
Staci M. Shearin ◽  
Karen J. McCain ◽  
Nicholas P. Fey
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Plantar Flexors ◽  
Hip Flexion

Abstract Background Gait impairment is a common complication of multiple sclerosis (MS). Gait limitations such as limited hip flexion, foot drop, and knee hyperextension often require external devices like crutches, canes, and orthoses. The effects of mobility-assistive technologies (MATs) prescribed to people with MS are not well understood, and current devices do not cater to the specific needs of these individuals. To address this, a passive unilateral hip flexion-assisting orthosis (HFO) was developed that uses resistance bands spanning the hip joint to redirect energy in the gait cycle. The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of the HFO on gait mechanics and muscle activation for people with and without MS. We hypothesized that (1) hip flexion would increase in the limb wearing the device, and (2) that muscle activity would increase in hip extensors, and decrease in hip flexors and plantar flexors. Methods Five healthy subjects and five subjects with MS walked for minute-long sessions with the device using three different levels of band stiffness. We analyzed peak hip flexion and extension angles, lower limb joint work, and muscle activity in eight muscles on the lower limbs and trunk. Single-subjects analysis was used due to inter-subject variability. Results For subjects with MS, the HFO caused an increase in peak hip flexion angle and a decrease in peak hip extension angle, confirming our first hypothesis. Healthy subjects showed less pronounced kinematic changes when using the device. Power generated at the hip was increased in most subjects while using the HFO. The second hypothesis was not confirmed, as muscle activity showed inconsistent results, however several subjects demonstrated increased hip extensor and trunk muscle activity with the HFO. Conclusions This exploratory study showed that the HFO was well-tolerated by healthy subjects and subjects with MS, and that it promoted more normative kinematics at the hip for those with MS. Future studies with longer exposure to the HFO and personalized assistance parameters are needed to understand the efficacy of the HFO for mobility assistance and rehabilitation for people with MS.

scholarly journals Shadow economy and public debt sustainability in Turkey

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (173) ◽  
pp. 85-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yereli Burçin ◽  
Erdem Seçilmiş ◽  
Alparslan Başaran
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Core ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sustainability Of Public Debt ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the shadow economy and public debt in Turkey. We elaborate on the questions regarding the negative effects of shadow economy on the sustainability of public debt observing the estimates about the size of shadow economy in Turkey. In the light of some scholars? estimates, we re-evaluate the macroeconomic situation of Turkey. At the core of the study, we discuss how the government borrowing policies would differ if the shadow economy was included into the legal system. In order to examine the effects of shadow economy on sustainability, we use various sustainability indicators. There is a significant difference observed between the calculations which take into account the volume of shadow economy as a share of economic system and those that exclude shadow economy as an exogenous variable. .

Validation and comparison of trunk muscle activities in male participants during exercise using an innovative device and abdominal bracing maneuvers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yuki Kurokawa ◽  
Satoshi Kato ◽  
Satoru Demura ◽  
Kazuya Shinmura ◽  
Noriaki Yokogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Internal Oblique

BACKGROUND: Abdominal bracing is effective in strengthening the trunk muscles; however, assessing performance can be challenging. We created a device for performing abdominal trunk muscle exercises. The effectiveness of this device has not yet been evaluated or compared OBJECTIVE: We aimed to quantify muscle activity levels during exercise using our innovative device and to compare them with muscle activation during abdominal bracing maneuvers. METHODS: This study included 10 men who performed abdominal bracing exercises and exercises using our device. We measured surface electromyogram (EMG) activities of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique, internal oblique (IO), and erector spinae (ES) muscles in each of the exercises. The EMG data were normalized to those recorded during maximal voluntary contraction (%EMGmax). RESULTS: During the bracing exercise, the %EMGmax of IO was significantly higher than that of RA and ES (p< 0.05), whereas during the exercises using the device, the %EMGmax of IO was significantly higher than that of ES (p< 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the %EMGmax of any muscle between bracing exercises and the exercises using the device (p= 0.13–0.95). CONCLUSIONS: The use of our innovative device results in comparable activation to that observed during abdominal bracing.

The Effects of Taping on Muscle Activity and Throwing Velocity in Fatigued Baseball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Kara-Lyn R. Harrison ◽  
Paolo Sanzo ◽  
Carlos Zerpa ◽  
Taryn Klarner
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Kinesio Tape ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Performance

Due to the repetitive high forces and torques placed on an individual during a baseball pitch, shoulder pain is present in 46-57% of pitchers. Therapeutic taping has been proposed to have beneficial qualities in injury prevention, rehabilitation, and performance enhancement via muscular facilitation. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of taping on the velocity of an overhead baseball throw and muscle activation patterning of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and pectoralis major muscles in baseball players after muscle fatigue was induced. Participants were asked to complete three pre-test maximum velocity overhead throws, a fatiguing protocol, followed by three post-test maximum velocity pitches. There was no statistically significant difference in throwing velocity or muscle activity with the application of the different taping conditions in the three phases of an overhead baseball throw. These finding suggest Kinesio Tape® does not change muscle activation or velocity of overhead baseball throws when compared to a no tape condition.

scholarly journals A Comparison of the Transient Effect of Complex and Core Stability Exercises on Static Balance Ability and Muscle Activation during Static Standing in Healthy Male Adults

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Ho-Jin Shin ◽  
Jin-Hwa Jung ◽  
Sung-Hyeon Kim ◽  
Suk-Chan Hahm ◽  
Hwi-young Cho
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Balance Ability

Balance ability is a necessary exercise factor required for the activities of daily living. This study investigated the effects of short-term complex exercise (CE) and core stability exercise (CSE) on balance ability and trunk and lower-extremity muscle activation on healthy male adults. Twenty-nine healthy male adults were included. All performed CE and CSE for 1 min each; the exercise order was randomized. The primary and secondary outcomes were balance ability and muscle activation, respectively. In balance ability, CE showed a significant difference in all variables in both eye-opened and eye-closed conditions compared with the baseline (p < 0.05). In comparisons among exercises, the path length and average velocity variables showed a significant decrease in the eye-opened condition, and the path length variable showed a significant decrease in the eye-closed condition (p < 0.05). In muscle activation, CE showed a significant increase in the gluteus medius (Gmed) and decrease in the rectus femoris (RF), tibialis anterior (TA), and RF/biceps femoris (BF) ratio in the eye-opened condition compared to the baseline and a significant decrease in RF and RF/BF ratio in the eye-closed condition (p < 0.05). Both CE and CSE improved the static balance ability. Furthermore, muscle activation significantly increases in Gmed and decreases in the RF, TA, and RF/BF ratio. Therefore, we recommend including CE in an exercise program that has the purpose of improving static balance ability.

scholarly journals The Activity of Surface Electromyographic Signal of Selected Muscles during Classic Rehabilitation Exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinzhuang Xiao ◽  
Jinli Sun ◽  
Junmin Gao ◽  
Hongrui Wang ◽  
Xincai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Limb Muscles ◽  
Rehabilitation Exercises

Objectives. Prone bridge, unilateral bridge, supine bridge, and bird-dog are classic rehabilitation exercises, which have been advocated as effective ways to improve core stability among healthy individuals and patients with low back pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of seven selected muscles during rehabilitation exercises through the signal of surface electromyographic. Approaches. We measured the surface electromyographic signals of four lower limb muscles, two abdominal muscles, and one back muscle during rehabilitation exercises of 30 healthy students and then analyzed its activity level using the median frequency method. Results. Different levels of muscle activity during the four rehabilitation exercises were observed. The prone bridge and unilateral bridge caused the greatest muscle fatigue; however, the supine bridge generated the lowest muscle activity. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between left and right body side muscles in the median frequency slope during the four rehabilitation exercises of seven muscles. Conclusions. The prone bridge can affect the low back and lower limb muscles of most people. The unilateral bridge was found to stimulate muscles much more active than the supine bridge. The bird-dog does not cause much fatigue to muscles but can make most selected muscles active.

scholarly journals CORE STABILITY EXCERCISE LEBIH BAIK DIBANDINGKAN MCKENZIE EXCERCISE DALAM PENURUNAN DISABILITAS PASIEN NON-SPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesa Puput Dinda Kurniawan ◽  
I Made Muliarta ◽  
Sugijanto ◽  
I Made Ady Wirawan ◽  
Susy Purnawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Exercise Therapy ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Back ◽  
The Core ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Better Than

Non-specific low back pain is the symptom of lower back pain that occurs without an obvious cause, the diagnosis is based on exclusion of specific pathology. Non-specific low back pain can result in pain, muscle spasm and muscle imbalance, it can decrease the stability of the abdominals and lower back, limitation in lumbar mobility , changes posture, and it’s couse make disability in patients with non-specific low back pain. Exercise therapy for non-specific low back pain is high recommend to increased stability and correct posture of the spine, for this case thsth can be used for exercise therapy is like McKenzie exercises and core stability exercise. The purpose of this study is to determine the core stability excercise better than McKenzie excercise for release in reduce patient disability in non-specific low back pain. This research applied experimental research method with Pre and Post Test Control Group Design. The research was conducted in Dr Soeradji Tirtonegoro Klaten. There were 32 subjects taken for this research. Disability was measured by oswestry disability index (ODI) before and after treatment. They were divided into two treatment groups consisting of core stability 16 subject for the Mckenzie exercise is 16 and the frequens are 2 times a weak in a month. Statistical test results obtained, have a decline ODI score at the first group have done with a value of p = 0.000 and the second gorup with p = 0.000. it means that both of the group are significantly improve functional activity. From the comparative test data by t-test using the data difference in both groups p value <0.05, which means indicated that there is a significant difference. Therefore, the conclusion of this research indicated thar the core stability excercise better than McKenzie excercise for release in reduce patient disability in non-specific low back pain. The study is expected to benefit in patients with non-specific low back pain in reducing disability.

scholarly journals Electromyographic responses to Nordic curl and prone leg curl exercises in football players

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 288-298
Author(s):  
Murat Çilli ◽  
Merve N. Yasar ◽  
Onur Çakir
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Activation Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Activation Rates ◽  
Short Time

Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study is to examine the electromyographic responses to Nordic curl and prone leg curl exercises, having two different mechanics. Material and Methods. The athletes performed the prone leg curl and Nordic curl exercises in random order, 6 repetitions each. Electromyographic data of semimemranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris and rectus femoris muscles were recorded by 8-channel electromyography in order to examine the muscle responses to exercises. Total duration of exercise, cumulative integrated electromyographic values and muscle activation rates in 5 different intensity zones determined according to MVC% values have been compared. Results. Prone leg curl exercise occurred in less time than Nordic curl exercise. According to the cumulative integrated electromyography data results, all muscles showed similar muscle activation in both exercises. Comparing the muscle activation rates in the five intensity zones, more muscle activity was observed for Nordic curl exercise in the first intensity zone, while prone leg curl exercise was more active in the third and fourth zones. During the prone leg curl exercise, the muscle activation rate of the dominant leg is higher in the first intensity zone, whereas the non-dominant leg in the fourth intensity zone has a higher muscle activation. During the Nordic curl exercise, the muscle activation rates of the dominant leg in the first and fifth intensity zones are higher, whereas the nondominant leg in the fourth intensity zone is higher. Conclusions. Prone leg curl exercises can be preferred in order to stimulate high muscle activation in a short time. Comparing the two exercises there was no significant difference in muscle activity in dominant and nondominant legs.

scholarly journals The Impact of an Assistive Pole, Seat Configuration, and Strength in Paralympic Seated Throwing

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 977-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alysha Hyde ◽  
Luke Hogarth ◽  
Mark Sayers ◽  
Emma Beckman ◽  
Mark J. Connick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Wheelchair Rugby ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trunk Strength

Purpose:To quantify the influence of the assistive pole, seat configuration, and upper-body and trunk strength on seated-throwing performance in athletes with a spinal-cord injury (SCI).Methods:Ten Paralympic athletes competing in wheelchair rugby, basketball, or athletics (seated throws) participated in 2 randomized sessions: seated throwing and strength tests. Participants threw a club from a custom-built throwing chair, with and without a pole. 3D kinematic data were collected (150 Hz) for both conditions using standardized and self-selected seat configurations. Dominant and nondominant grip strength were measured using a dynamometer, and upper-body and trunk strength were measured using isometric contractions against a load cell.Results:Seated throwing with an assistive pole resulted in significantly higher hand speed at release than throwing without a pole (pole = 6.0 ± 1.5 m/s, no pole = 5.3 ± 1.5 m/s; P = .02). There was no significant difference in hand speed at release between standardized and self-selected seating configurations during seated throwing with or without an assistive pole. Grip strength (r = .59–.77), push/pull synergy (r = .81–.84), and trunk-flexion (r = .50–.58) strength measures showed large and significant correlations with hand speed at release during seated throwing with and without an assistive pole.Conclusions:This study has demonstrated the importance of the pole for SCI athletes in seated throwing and defined the relationship between strength and seated-throwing performance, allowing us to better understand the activity of seated throws and provide measures for assessing strength that may be valid for evidence-based classification.

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