scholarly journals Vocal Folds Analysis for Detection and Classification of Voice Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-119
Author(s):  
Vikas Mittal ◽  
R. K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Voice Disorder ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Glottal Flow ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Voice Pathologies ◽  
Electronic Hardware ◽  
Pathological Voice

The detection and description of pathological voice are the most important applications of voice profiling. Currently, techniques like laryngostroboscopy or surgical microlarynoscopy are popularly used for the diagnosis of voice pathologies but are invasive in nature. Disorders of vocal folds impact the quality of voice, and therefore, the accuracy of voice profiling is reduced. This paper presents a better solution to differentiate normal and pathological voices based on the glottal, physical, and acoustic and equivalent electrical parameters. These parameters have been correlated using mathematical equations and models. Results reveal that the glottal flow is strongly influenced by physical parameters like stiffness and viscosity of vocal folds in case of pathological voice. However, their direct measurement requires complex invasive medical procedures or costly and complex electronic hardware arrangements in case of non-invasive methods. Glottal parameters, on the other hand, facilitate much simpler estimation of vocal folds disorders. In this work, the authors have presented two non-invasive approaches for better accuracy and least complexity for differentiating normal and pathological voices: 1) by using correlation of glottal and physical parameters, 2)by using acoustic and equivalent electrical parameters.

scholarly journals Detection & Classification of Voice Pathology using Electrical Circuit Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3836-3839
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Random Pattern ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Length And Area ◽  
Pathological Voice

The classification of pathological voice is a hot topic that has been expected significant consideration. Voice pathology is related with a vocal folds difficulty, and for this reason, the vocal tract area which is joined to vocal folds demonstrate random patterns in case of a pathological voice. This random pattern is considered to distinguish healthy and pathological voices. It is possible to utilize transmission line theory in discovering automatic voice pathology detection by taking into consideration the vocal tract as acoustic lines. The work concentrates on developing a feature extraction for detecting and classifying vocal fold polyp by investigating different vocal tract parameters. In this paper, the vocal tract length and area are utilized for computing electrical parameters of the vocal tract. Furthermore, these electrical parameters are used for the classification of pathological voice. Finally, using electrical parameters 97.3% accuracy is obtained with SVM classifier when compared with 88.2% with the acoustic parameters, 85.3% accuracy considering physical parameters and other methods used in the past. The outcomes demonstrate that electrical parameters of the vocal tract can be utilized all the more successfully with better precision in voice pathology identification.

Electrical Modeling of Two Tube Vocal Tract for Voice Pathology Detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 943-946
Author(s):  
Vikas Mittal ◽  
R. K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Transmission Line Theory ◽  
Line Theory ◽  
Voice Pathology Detection ◽  
Length And Area

Voice pathology is interrelated to a vocal folds complication, and the vocal tract area which is attached to vocal folds shows a variable shapes in case of voice pathology. This variable shapes are tested to make the division of healthy and pathological voices. So, Length and area of vocal tract are used for finding electrical parameters using transmission line theory by considering the vocal tract as a sequence of tubes. The proposed work is used voice database from the Saarbrucken Voice Database (SVD) and real-time data from the Maharishi Markandeshwar (M.M) hospital, Mullana. The proposed method achieves a higher accuracy of 91.7 percent with electrical parameters compared to 88.2 percent with the acoustic parameters and 85.3 percent with physical parameters in the detection of voice pathology.

Videostrobolaryngoscopy of Mucus Layer during Vocal Fold Vibration in Patients with Laryngeal Tension-Fatigue Syndrome

2002 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Yu Hsiao ◽  
Chia-Ming Liu ◽  
Kai-Nan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Rough Surfaces ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Voice Disorder ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Vocal Fold Vibration ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Functional Dysphonia

The mucus layer on the vocal folds was examined by videostrobolaryngoscopy in patients with laryngeal tension-fatigue syndrome, a chronic functional dysphonia due to vocal abuse and misuse. Besides the findings in previous reports (such as abnormal glottal closure, phase or amplitude asymmetry, and the irregular mucosal wave), the vocal folds during vibration had an uneven mucus surface. The occurrence of an uneven mucus layer on vocal folds was significantly greater in subjects with this voice disorder (83% or 250 of 301 patients in this series) than in those without voice disorders (18.5% or 5 of 27). The increase of mucus viscosity, mucus aggregation, and the formation of rough surfaces on the vocal folds alter the mechanical properties that contribute to vibration of the cover of the vocal folds, and thereby worsen the symptoms of dysphonia in patients with laryngeal tension-fatigue syndrome.

scholarly journals Liquid-type non-thermal atmospheric plasma ameliorates vocal fold scarring by modulating vocal fold fibroblast

2019 ◽  
Vol 244 (10) ◽  
pp. 824-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho-Ryun Won ◽  
Eun Hye Song ◽  
Jong Eun Won ◽  
Hye Young Lee ◽  
Sung Un Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Voice Disorder ◽  
Liquid Type

Injection laryngoplasty is a widely used therapeutic option for drug delivery into vocal folds (VFs). Efficient injectable materials are urgently needed for treating intractable VF disease. Liquid-type non-thermal atmospheric plasma (LTP) has been found to be useful for various biological applications, including in regenerative medicine. We evaluated the effects of LTP on VF regeneration. Migration and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated human vocal fold-derived mesenchymal stem cells (VF-MSCs) were enhanced by LTP treatment. LTP treatment not only ameliorated nuclear factor-κB and interleukin-6 activation, induced by LPS treatment, but also the increased manifestation of α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin, induced by transforming growth factor-ß. In a rabbit VF scarring animal model, histological analyses showed increased hyaluronic acid deposition and decreased collagen accumulation after LTP injection. Videokymographic analysis showed more improved vibrations in LTP-treated VF mucosa compared to those in non-treated group. In conclusion, LTP treatment enhanced the recruitment and activation of VF-MSCs. Regulated extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and eventual functional improvement of scarred VFs were observed upon LTP treatment. The results of this study suggest that LTP injection can enhance wound healing and improve functional remodeling following VF injury. Impact statement Voice disorder has a significant impact on life quality, and one of the major causes of this voice disorder is vocal fold scarring. Therefore, various approaches have been tried to treat for voice disorder. However, no method has satisfied all requirements until now. Plasma medicine, which involves the medical application of plasma, is a rapidly developing field. We have confirmed that liquid-type plasma improved vocal fold scarring by mobilizing and activating vocal fold fibroblast. In conclusion, liquid-type plasma is a potential therapeutic agent for promoting vocal fold scarring through simple injection and it may be an alternative therapeutic agent for the current situation to treat voice disorder.

Determination of Mechanical Stresses in Vibration and Contact During Flow-Structure-Interaction in Vocal Folds

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinaki Bhattacharya ◽  
Thomas H. Siegmund
Keyword(s):  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Stresses ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Tissue Properties ◽  
Transient Nature ◽  
Superior Surface ◽  
Glottal Flow

Mechanical stresses in vocal folds (VFs) developed during self-oscillation — due to interaction with the glottal flow — play an important role in tissue damage and healing. Contact stresses occurring due to collision between VFs modify both self-oscillation characteristics, as well as stresses. The complexity of the problem is increased due to other factors acting in combination: transient nature of the flow, non-linear and anisotropic biomechanical properties of the VFs, and acoustic loading. Experiments with physical models [1] have attempted to deduce the state of stress in the interior through measurement of superior surface deformation. However, these methods pose challenges in data acquisition. on the other hand, full three-dimensional transient computational analysis of a self-oscillating and contacting VF model requires highly sophisticated algorithms as well as prohibitive resource usage. Not surprisingly, therefore, it has not been conducted until now. We hypothesize that a high-fidelity numerical simulation incorporating realistic tissue properties is essential to accurately determine stresses within VFs during self-oscillation and contact.

Design of Apparatus for Studying Aerodynamics of Voice Production

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Barry
Keyword(s):  
Flow Visualization ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Glottal Flow

The design and testing of an experimental apparatus for in vitro study of phonatory aerodynamics (voice production) in humans is presented. The presentation includes not only the details of apparatus design, but flow visualization and Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) measurements of the developing flow that occurs during the opening of the constriction from complete closure. The main features of the phonation process have long been understood. A proper combination of air flow from the lungs and of vocal fold tension initiates a vibration of the vocal folds, which in turn valves the airflow. The resulting periodic acceleration of the airstream through the glottis excites the acoustic modes of the vocal tract. It is further understood that the pressure gradient driving glottal flow is related to flow separation on the downstream side of the vocal folds. However, the details of this process and how it may contribute to effects such as aperiodicity of the voice and energy losses in voiced sound production are still not fully grasped. The experimental apparatus described in this paper is designed to address these issues. The apparatus itself consists of a scaled-up duct in which water flows through a constriction whose width is modulated by motion of the duct wall in a manner mimicking vocal fold vibration. Scaling the duct up 10 times and using water as the working fluid allows temporally and spatially resolved measurements of the dynamically similar flow velocity field using DPIV at video standard framing rates (15Hz). Dynamic similarity is ensured by matching the Reynolds number (based on glottal flow speed and glottis width) of 8000, and by varying the Strouhal number (based on vocal fold length, glottal flow speed, and a time scale characterizing the motion of the vocal folds) ranging from 0.01 to 0.1. The walls of the 28 cm × 28 cm test section and the vocal fold pieces are made of clear cast acrylic to allow optical access. The vocal fold pieces are 12.7 cm × 14 cm × 28 cm and are rectangular in shape, except for the surfaces which form the glottis, which are 6.35 cm radius half-circles. Dye injection slots are placed on the upstream side of both vocal field pieces to allow flow visualization. Prescribed motion of the vocal folds is provided by two linear stages. Linear bearings ensure smooth execution of the motion prescribed using a computer interface. Measurements described here use the Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) flow visualization and DPIV techniques and are performed for two Strouhal numbers to assess the effect of opening time on the development of the glottal jet. These measurements are conducted on a plane oriented perpendicular to the glottis, at the duct midplane. LIF measurements use a 5W Argon ion laser to produce a light sheet, which illuminates the dye injected through a slot in each vocal fold piece. Two dye colors are used, one for each side. Quantitative information about the velocity and vorticity fields are obtained through DPIV measurements at the same location as the LIF measurements.

Modeling and Simulation of Physical Parameters of Human Respiratory System

2014 ◽  
Vol 658 ◽  
pp. 447-452
Author(s):  
Catarina Meireles ◽  
José Machado ◽  
Celina P. Leão
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Respiratory Cycle ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
System Control ◽  
Common Control ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Linear Behaviour ◽  
Physiological Profiles ◽  
Mathematical Equations

The respiratory system, due to its non-linear behaviour, is of difficult representation through fixed physical components and common control systems. Therefore, mathematical equations, that represents the respiratory cycle; mechanical components, giving dimension and movement to the simulator; and the electronic components, allowing data acquisition and system control are some factors that must be known and synchronized. The presented work describes the implementation of a mathematical model (in MatLab) that reproduces the non-linear behaviour of the respiratory system, allowing the characterization of different pathophysiological situations. In parallel a graphical interface was developed enabling the user track the change in air flow and volume handled during the respiratory cycle and build physiological profiles of different patients.

Objectification of vocal folds mucosal wave

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Paulina Krasnodębska ◽  
Wiktor Krasnodębski ◽  
Agata Szkiełkowska
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Wave Measurement ◽  
Voice Pathologies

The work assessed the clinical utility of open quotients measured during laryngovideostroboscopy and electroglottography. Values of the parameters were analyzed according to clinical diagnosis. An algorithm based on direct and indirect mucosal wave measurement is presented, which allows for differentiation of voice disorders. The method developed for the objectification of glottal functions in various voice pathologies is characterized by high sensitivity and specificity.

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