The Role of Neural Networks and Metaheuristics in Agile Software Development Effort Estimation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupama Kaushik ◽  
Devendra Kumar Tayal ◽  
Kalpana Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Agile Software Development ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Whale Optimization ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Agile Software

In any software development, accurate estimation of resources is one of the crucial tasks that leads to a successful project development. A lot of work has been done in estimation of effort in traditional software development. But, work on estimation of effort for agile software development is very scant. This paper provides an effort estimation technique for agile software development using artificial neural networks (ANN) and a metaheuristic technique. The artificial neural networks used are radial basis function neural network (RBFN) and functional link artificial neural network (FLANN). The metaheuristic technique used is whale optimization algorithm (WOA), which is a nature-inspired metaheuristic technique. The proposed techniques FLANN-WOA and RBFN-WOA are evaluated on three agile datasets, and it is found that these neural network models performed extremely well with the metaheuristic technique used. This is further empirically validated using non-parametric statistical tests.

The Role of Neural Networks and Metaheuristics in Agile Software Development Effort Estimation

2022 ◽  
pp. 306-328
Author(s):  
Anupama Kaushik ◽  
Devendra Kumar Tayal ◽  
Kalpana Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Agile Software Development ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Software Development Effort ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Agile Software

In any software development, accurate estimation of resources is one of the crucial tasks that leads to a successful project development. A lot of work has been done in estimation of effort in traditional software development. But, work on estimation of effort for agile software development is very scant. This paper provides an effort estimation technique for agile software development using artificial neural networks (ANN) and a metaheuristic technique. The artificial neural networks used are radial basis function neural network (RBFN) and functional link artificial neural network (FLANN). The metaheuristic technique used is whale optimization algorithm (WOA), which is a nature-inspired metaheuristic technique. The proposed techniques FLANN-WOA and RBFN-WOA are evaluated on three agile datasets, and it is found that these neural network models performed extremely well with the metaheuristic technique used. This is further empirically validated using non-parametric statistical tests.

The Role of Neural Networks and Metaheuristics in Agile Software Development Effort Estimation

2022 ◽  
pp. 947-969
Author(s):  
Anupama Kaushik ◽  
Devendra Kumar Tayal ◽  
Kalpana Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Agile Software Development ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Software Development Effort ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Agile Software

In any software development, accurate estimation of resources is one of the crucial tasks that leads to a successful project development. A lot of work has been done in estimation of effort in traditional software development. But, work on estimation of effort for agile software development is very scant. This paper provides an effort estimation technique for agile software development using artificial neural networks (ANN) and a metaheuristic technique. The artificial neural networks used are radial basis function neural network (RBFN) and functional link artificial neural network (FLANN). The metaheuristic technique used is whale optimization algorithm (WOA), which is a nature-inspired metaheuristic technique. The proposed techniques FLANN-WOA and RBFN-WOA are evaluated on three agile datasets, and it is found that these neural network models performed extremely well with the metaheuristic technique used. This is further empirically validated using non-parametric statistical tests.

scholarly journals The Budapest Amyloid Predictor and Its Applications

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
László Keresztes ◽  
Evelin Szögi ◽  
Bálint Varga ◽  
Viktor Farkas ◽  
András Perczel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Computational Technique ◽  
Linear Support Vector Machine ◽  
Β Sheets ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Amorphous Aggregation

The amyloid state of proteins is widely studied with relevance to neurology, biochemistry, and biotechnology. In contrast with nearly amorphous aggregation, the amyloid state has a well-defined structure, consisting of parallel and antiparallel β-sheets in a periodically repeated formation. The understanding of the amyloid state is growing with the development of novel molecular imaging tools, like cryogenic electron microscopy. Sequence-based amyloid predictors were developed, mainly using artificial neural networks (ANNs) as the underlying computational technique. From a good neural-network-based predictor, it is a very difficult task to identify the attributes of the input amino acid sequence, which imply the decision of the network. Here, we present a linear Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based predictor for hexapeptides with correctness higher than 84%, i.e., it is at least as good as the best published ANN-based tools. Unlike artificial neural networks, the decisions of the linear SVMs are much easier to analyze and, from a good predictor, we can infer rich biochemical knowledge. In the Budapest Amyloid Predictor webserver the user needs to input a hexapeptide, and the server outputs a prediction for the input plus the 6 × 19 = 114 distance-1 neighbors of the input hexapeptide.

scholarly journals Non-Destructive Micromagnetic Determination of Hardness and Case Hardening Depth Using Linear Regression Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Rahel Jedamski ◽  
Jérémy Epp
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Case Hardening ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Non Destructive

Non-destructive determination of workpiece properties after heat treatment is of great interest in the context of quality control in production but also for prevention of damage in subsequent grinding process. Micromagnetic methods offer good possibilities, but must first be calibrated with reference analyses on known states. This work compares the accuracy and reliability of different calibration methods for non-destructive evaluation of carburizing depth and surface hardness of carburized steel. Linear regression analysis is used in comparison with new methods based on artificial neural networks. The comparison shows a slight advantage of neural network method and potential for further optimization of both approaches. The quality of the results can be influenced, among others, by the number of teaching steps for the neural network, whereas more teaching steps does not always lead to an improvement of accuracy for conditions not included in the initial calibration.

scholarly journals Optimal Artificial Neural Network Type Selection Method for Usage in Smart House Systems

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Vasyl Teslyuk ◽  
Artem Kazarian ◽  
Natalia Kryvinska ◽  
Ivan Tsmots
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Optimization Criterion ◽  
Fuzzy Input ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Smart House ◽  
Artificial Neural

In the process of the “smart” house systems work, there is a need to process fuzzy input data. The models based on the artificial neural networks are used to process fuzzy input data from the sensors. However, each artificial neural network has a certain advantage and, with a different accuracy, allows one to process different types of data and generate control signals. To solve this problem, a method of choosing the optimal type of artificial neural network has been proposed. It is based on solving an optimization problem, where the optimization criterion is an error of a certain type of artificial neural network determined to control the corresponding subsystem of a “smart” house. In the process of learning different types of artificial neural networks, the same historical input data are used. The research presents the dependencies between the types of neural networks, the number of inner layers of the artificial neural network, the number of neurons on each inner layer, the error of the settings parameters calculation of the relative expected results.

scholarly journals Improved Effort and Cost Estimation Model Using Artificial Neural Networks and Taguchi Method with Different Activation Functions

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 854
Author(s):  
Nevena Rankovic ◽  
Dragica Rankovic ◽  
Mirjana Ivanovic ◽  
Ljubomir Lazic
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Activation Functions ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Artificial Neural

Software estimation involves meeting a huge number of different requirements, such as resource allocation, cost estimation, effort estimation, time estimation, and the changing demands of software product customers. Numerous estimation models try to solve these problems. In our experiment, a clustering method of input values to mitigate the heterogeneous nature of selected projects was used. Additionally, homogeneity of the data was achieved with the fuzzification method, and we proposed two different activation functions inside a hidden layer, during the construction of artificial neural networks (ANNs). In this research, we present an experiment that uses two different architectures of ANNs, based on Taguchi’s orthogonal vector plans, to satisfy the set conditions, with additional methods and criteria for validation of the proposed model, in this approach. The aim of this paper is the comparative analysis of the obtained results of mean magnitude relative error (MMRE) values. At the same time, our goal is also to find a relatively simple architecture that minimizes the error value while covering a wide range of different software projects. For this purpose, six different datasets are divided into four chosen clusters. The obtained results show that the estimation of diverse projects by dividing them into clusters can contribute to an efficient, reliable, and accurate software product assessment. The contribution of this paper is in the discovered solution that enables the execution of a small number of iterations, which reduces the execution time and achieves the minimum error.

Performance Estimation of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Using Artificial Neural Network

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Rafe Biswas ◽  
Melvin D. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Direct Methanol ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Methanol Fuel Cell

A direct methanol fuel cell can convert chemical energy in the form of a liquid fuel into electrical energy to power devices, while simultaneously operating at low temperatures and producing virtually no greenhouse gases. Since the direct methanol fuel cell performance characteristics are inherently nonlinear and complex, it can be postulated that artificial neural networks represent a marked improvement in performance prediction capabilities. Artificial neural networks have long been used as a tool in predictive modeling. In this work, an artificial neural network is employed to predict the performance of a direct methanol fuel cell under various operating conditions. This work on the experimental analysis of a uniquely designed fuel cell and the computational modeling of a unique algorithm has not been found in prior literature outside of the authors and their affiliations. The fuel cell input variables for the performance analysis consist not only of the methanol concentration, fuel cell temperature, and current density, but also the number of cells and anode flow rate. The addition of the two typically unconventional variables allows for a more distinctive model when compared to prior neural network models. The key performance indicator of our neural network model is the cell voltage, which is an average voltage across the stack and ranges from 0 to 0:8V. Experimental studies were carried out using DMFC stacks custom-fabricated, with a membrane electrode assembly consisting of an additional unique liquid barrier layer to minimize water loss through the cathode side to the atmosphere. To determine the best fit of the model to the experimental cell voltage data, the model is trained using two different second order training algorithms: OWO-Newton and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM). The OWO-Newton algorithm has a topology that is slightly different from the topology of the LM algorithm by the employment of bypass weights. It can be concluded that the application of artificial neural networks can rapidly construct a predictive model of the cell voltage for a wide range of operating conditions with an accuracy of 10−3 to 10−4. The results were comparable with existing literature. The added dimensionality of the number of cells provided insight into scalability where the coefficient of the determination of the results for the two multi-cell stacks using LM algorithm were up to 0:9998. The model was also evaluated with empirical data of a single-cell stack.

scholarly journals Artificial neural networks applied for soil class prediction in mountainous landscape of the Serra do Mar¹

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1681-1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braz Calderano Filho ◽  
Helena Polivanov ◽  
César da Silva Chagas ◽  
Waldir de Carvalho Júnior ◽  
Emílio Velloso Barroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Class Prediction ◽  
Soil Class ◽  
Serra Do Mar ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Local Geology

Soil information is needed for managing the agricultural environment. The aim of this study was to apply artificial neural networks (ANNs) for the prediction of soil classes using orbital remote sensing products, terrain attributes derived from a digital elevation model and local geology information as data sources. This approach to digital soil mapping was evaluated in an area with a high degree of lithologic diversity in the Serra do Mar. The neural network simulator used in this study was JavaNNS and the backpropagation learning algorithm. For soil class prediction, different combinations of the selected discriminant variables were tested: elevation, declivity, aspect, curvature, curvature plan, curvature profile, topographic index, solar radiation, LS topographic factor, local geology information, and clay mineral indices, iron oxides and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from an image of a Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor. With the tested sets, best results were obtained when all discriminant variables were associated with geological information (overall accuracy 93.2 - 95.6 %, Kappa index 0.924 - 0.951, for set 13). Excluding the variable profile curvature (set 12), overall accuracy ranged from 93.9 to 95.4 % and the Kappa index from 0.932 to 0.948. The maps based on the neural network classifier were consistent and similar to conventional soil maps drawn for the study area, although with more spatial details. The results show the potential of ANNs for soil class prediction in mountainous areas with lithological diversity.

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