Business to Consumer (B2C) E-Commerce Decade Evolution

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Drigas ◽  
Panagiotis Leliopoulos
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Business To Consumer ◽  
B2c Electronic Commerce ◽  
The Way

This paper is a review on Business to Consumer (B2C) electronic commerce (e-commerce) and it studies its evolution over the last decade. The Internet characteristics that affect B2C are the Internet growth, which at first includes the number of Internet users and secondly, the infrastructure, which is basically the quality and speed of the lines. Moreover, the way the Internet growth has affected the B2C e-commerce growth over the last ten years is studied in three major countries-areas. The USA because it is an Internet developed country with vast e-commerce sales, China because it is a rapidly developing Internet country with a large number of users and fast e-commerce activity growth in the last decade and finally, the European Union, because of its diversity in Internet and e-commerce growth. This paper focuses on the aforementioned three geographic areas and extracts its conclusions from the observations of B2C behavior growth in these areas.

Globalization of Consumer E-Commerce

2011 ◽  
pp. 1678-1684
Author(s):  
Daniel Brandon Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Web Site ◽  
Home Country ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Business To Consumer ◽  
B2c Electronic Commerce ◽  
A Company ◽  
Home Territory

This article reviews globalization aspects of “business to consumer” (B2C) electronic commerce. According to Computerworld, “Globalization is the marketing and selling of a product outside a company’s home country. To successfully do that on the Internet, a company needs to localize – make its Web site linguistically, culturally, and in all other ways accessible to customers outside its home territory” (Brandon, 2001). This overview describes the key issues in the globalization of electronic commerce; for more detail, see the full book chapter (Brandon, 2002).

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Recent Financial Crisis' Impact on the Retail Electronic Commerce in the European Union in the USA and in Poland

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Tomasz Czajkowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Recent Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
International Companies

The aim of this article is to compare and assess the impact of the recent financial crisis on the retail electronic commerce in the economies of the European Union, the USA and Poland. Therefore the selected data from the biggest international companies connected with the retail electronic commerce from the years 2007 and 2008 in comparison to the previous year, and the selected economic data from the economies of the USA, the European Union and Poland till the year 2009, concerning the utilization and value of the electronic commerce trade and the number of people doing shopping online, and conclusions drawn from the analyses of those data are presented and discussed.

EU Tackles Cybercrime

2011 ◽  
pp. 431-438
Author(s):  
Sylvia Mercado Kierkegaard
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Communication Infrastructure ◽  
International Response ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Eu

The growing importance of information and communication infrastructure opens up new opportunities for criminal activities. The European Union has therefore taken a number of steps to fight harmful and illegal content on the Internet, protect intellectual property and personal data, promote electronic commerce and tighten up the security of transactions. However, in spite of the EU initiatives, many observers believe that cybercrime requires an international response that should include countries that are havens for cybercriminals.

Young People's Net Cultures

2011 ◽  
pp. 2067-2074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elza Dunkels
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
At Home

Sweden has a large number of Internet users, and on a global scale only Iceland had more Internet users in 2002 (ITU, 2003). The European Union-funded project SAFT (2003a) found that 87% of Swedish children have access to the Internet at home. Today Scandinavian media focus on alleged serious problems caused by children being online. Despite these media reports, however, it appears that Scandinavian parents and children talk little about the Internet and its effects on life (Bjørnstad, 2002; SAFT, 2003c).

Globalization of Consumer E-Commerce

2005 ◽  
pp. 1293-1298
Author(s):  
Daniel Brandon Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Web Site ◽  
Home Country ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Business To Consumer ◽  
B2c Electronic Commerce ◽  
A Company ◽  
Home Territory

This article reviews globalization aspects of “business to consumer” (B2C) electronic commerce. According to Computerworld, “Globalization is the marketing and selling of a product outside a company’s home country. To successfully do that on the Internet, a company needs to localize – make its Web site linguistically, culturally, and in all other ways accessible to customers outside its home territory” (Brandon, 2001). This overview describes the key issues in the globalization of electronic commerce; for more detail, see the full book chapter (Brandon, 2002).

scholarly journals Barriers to the Take-Up of Electronic Commerce among Small-Medium Sized Enterprises

10.28945/2662 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Stansfield ◽  
Kevin Grant
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Context ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Uk

Since small-medium sized enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role within many major economies throughout the world, their ability to successfully adopt and utilize the Internet and electronic commerce is of prime importance in ensuring their stability and future survival. In this paper, initial findings will be reported of a study carried out by the authors into the use made of the Internet and electronic commerce and key issues influencing its use by SMEs. In order to broaden the scope of this paper, the results gained from the study will be compared with figures relating to businesses in the rest of Scotland and the UK, as well as the US, Canada and Japan, and European countries that include Sweden, Germany, France and Italy. The issues raised from this study will be compared with similar studies carried out in other countries such as Australia, New Zealand and British Columbia, as well as countries within the European Union in order to provide a wider meaningful international context for the results of the study.

scholarly journals Geopolitics and Digital Sovereignty

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-231
Author(s):  
Ciaran Martin
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe geopolitical dialogue about technology has, for a quarter of a century, essentially revolved around a single technological ecosystem built by the American private sector. An assumption took hold that, over time, clearer “rules of the road” for this digital domain would take hold. But progress toward this has been surprisingly slow; we sometimes refer to “grey zone” activity, because the rules, insofar as they exist, are fuzzy.In the meantime, the digital climate is changing. China’s technological ambitions are not to compete on the American-built, free, open Internet, but to design and build a completely new, more authoritarian system to supplant it. This is forcing a bifurcation of the Internet, and organizations like the European Union and countries across the world have to rethink whether the regulation of American technology is really where the focus should be, rather than working with the USA to contest China’s ambitions.

scholarly journals The e-commerce international consumer contract in the European Union

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Anabela Susana de Sousa Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Consumer Contract ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Rome Convention ◽  
Consumer Contracts ◽  
Contractual Obligations ◽  
Rome I

Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I) adapts the rule laid down in the Rome Convention regarding international consumer contracts, to take into account the requirements of the consumer protection in an international contract, as the weaker party, and the demands of electronic commerce. Article 6 determines the types of international contract protected and establishes the mechanisms to protect the consumer. However, the legal provision in question is not free from complications and requires an effort of interpretation to adjust the rule to the diffuse nature of the internet and to the characteristics of electronic commerce. This paper identifies the difficulties of application of the provision to e-commerce and discusses the interpretative options of the European Union Court of Justice (ECJ).

scholarly journals LAW SELECTION BY THE PARTICIPANTS OF TRANSBORDER ONLINE CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS: EXPERIENCE OF THE USA AND THE EUROPEAN UNION

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Olga V. Sergeeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Choice Of Law ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Business To Consumer ◽  
Contractual Relations ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Business To Business

The practice of realization in the USA and European Union of the parties’ autonomy due to the choice of law, applicable to the cross-border online-contract is explored in the article. Particularly the problems of the choice of law, applicable to the cross-border online-contracts B2B (business to business), B2C (business to consumer) и C2C (consumer to consumer) are analyzed. The question is raised about the fairness of undiscussible clause, considering the choice of law, applicable to the online-contract involving consumers. According to the doctrine, legislation and practice the procedural and constitutive approaches to the solving of this question are observed in the article.

Russian Federation and the United States of America: geostrategic directions to manage the Ukrainian crisis

2019 ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Attarid Awadh Abdulhameed
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Ukrainian Crisis ◽  
Zero Sum

Ukrainia Remains of huge importance to Russian Strategy because of its Strategic importance. For being a privileged Postion in new Eurasia, without its existence there would be no logical resons for eastward Expansion by European Powers.  As well as in Connection with the progress of Ukrainian is no less important for the USA (VSD, NDI, CIA, or pentagon) and the European Union with all organs, and this is announced by John Kerry. There has always ben Russian Fear and Fear of any move by NATO or USA in the area that it poses a threat to  Russians national Security and its independent role and in funence  on its forces especially the Navy Forces. There for, the Crisis manyement was not Zero sum game, there are gains and offset losses, but Russia does not accept this and want a Zero Sun game because the USA. And European exteance is a Foot hold in Regin Which Russian sees as a threat to its national security and want to monopolize control in the strategic Qirim.

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