Structural and compositional shifts in Cerrado fragments in up to 11 years monitoring

The Cerrado has a wide diversity of fauna and flora, and the knowledge of its horizontal structure, in different time intervals allows the prediction of its structural and floristic characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in structure and composition of tree community in three fragments of Cerrado with low anthropization, in an interval of 11 years at Minas Gerais state. Rectangular plots of fixed size were sampled, measuring stem diameter and height of all living arboreal individuals with diameter at 1.30 meters above ground (DBH) ≥ 5 cm. The tree vegetation dynamics study of the areas was performed, as well as the floristic analysis and the diametric structure. Considering all fragments and years of measurement, the recruitment of trees surpassed its mortality. The basal area varied between 3.67 and 13.07 m².ha-1. The studied areas, considering all fragments and years of measurement, showed a Shannon diversity index (H') from 3.43 to 3.87 nat.ind-1 and Pielou equitability index (J') ranged an interval between 0.77 and 0.82. The similarity calculated by the Jaccard index (J), when performed per plot considering the three fragments, showed a value of 0.2653. Also, related to the development and growth of the study areas, it can be inferred that all fragments and their respective years of measurement had a J-inverse pattern. In conclusion, it can be inferred that the three fragments maintained a representative growth in number of individuals and basal area.

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Ecological Index of Fouling Organisms in Different Media In Daruba Morotai Island District

Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University ◽

10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.2.30 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 375-384

Author(s):

Djainudin Alwi ◽

Rinto Muhammad Nur ◽

Nurafni ◽

Kismanto Koroy ◽

Iswandi Wahab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diversity Index ◽

Data Retrieval ◽

Ecological Indices ◽

Dominance Index ◽

Retrieval Method ◽

Ecological Index ◽

A Value ◽

Fouling Organisms ◽

Floating Pier ◽

Number Of Individuals

On the port pole is very much found biota attached. The biota is barnacles (Balanus sp). The attachment does not only occur in natural substrates. It may also occur in different means of human interest, such as ships and docks. This research is devoted to macroscopic biofouling, whose attachment is massif on the dock pole. This study aims to determine the species and ecological index of biota fouling in different media in the Daruba Morotai Island Regency. The data retrieval method uses a quadratic with a scale of 20×100 cm2. This study used three media, namely wood media (speedboat wooden pier), iron media (speedboat floating pier), and concrete media (Imam Lastori's main pier). Ecological indices analyzed include abundance, Diversity Index, Uniformity Index, and Dominance Index. The analysis results found the most number of macrobiofouling species in the wood medium (7 species). The largest number of individuals found is Branchidontes sp. (661 individuals). The findings of the study of the maximum macrofouling abundance are found in concrete media with a value of 491. Diversity in all media is classified as medium with a value of H' on wood media 1.22, iron media 1.04, and concrete media 1.34. The uniformity index (E) of all three media indicates the uniformity of broad populations with the maximum E found in concrete media 0.84. The study of dominance in wood media by 0.41, iron media 0.48, and concrete media 0.32 showed that dominance is poor.

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Diversity and Abundance Dragonflies (Odonata) at Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve Area, Ponorogo Regency, East Java, Indonesia

Jurnal Biota ◽

10.19109/biota.v7i2.8160 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 101-108

Author(s):

Muhamad Azmi Dwi Susanto ◽

Saiful Bahri

Keyword(s):

Rain Forest ◽

Catchment Area ◽

Nature Reserve ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

A Value ◽

Reserve Area ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Water Catchment ◽

Number Of Individuals

Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve area is a mountainous tropical rain forest, administratively located in Pupus Village, Ngebel District, Ponorogo Regency, East Java, Indonesia. One of the main functions of this nature reserve is as a water catchment area for the villages around the nature reserve area. Water sources and flows within the Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve area have the potential as natural habitat for dragonflies. This study aims to determine the diversity and abundance of dragonflies (Odonata) in the Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve Area. The method of collecting dragonflies data used the Visual Day Flying method by recording the diversity of dragonflies species and counting the number of individuals from each observed dragonflies species. The data obtained were analyzed using the Relative abundance, Shannon-Wiener Heterogeneity Index and the frequency of Presence. The results of the research conducted showed that there were 14 species from 7 families with a total of 464 individuals. The Shannor-Wiener diversity index shows that the diversity value is H'= 1.81. Meanwhile, the presence frequency analysis showed that there were four species with a value of 100% which were classified as abundant Frequency of Presence, namely Euphaea variegata, Vestalis luctuosa, Rhinocypha anisoptera and Coeliccia membranipes.

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ANALISIS KONDISI SATWA LIAR DI AREAL PERTAMBANGAN BATUBARA (PT. JORONG BARUTAMA GRESTON)

Jurnal Sylva Scienteae ◽

10.20527/jss.v4i2.3335 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 242

Author(s):

Edy Kurniawan ◽

Abdi Fithria ◽

Badaruddin

Keyword(s):

Land Cover ◽

Relative Frequency ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Mining Area ◽

Riparian Forests ◽

Coal Mining Area ◽

A Value ◽

Land Covers ◽

Number Of Individuals ◽

Observation Results

This study aims to inventory the types of wildlife in various land covers in the coal mining area of PT. Jorong Barutama Greston and analyzed the diversity, evenness and relative frequency of wildlife in various land covers in the mining area of PT. Jorong Barutama Greston. Animals are observed by a combination of circle and exploration methods. The observation results of wildlife found in 7 locations are 1217 individuals with 90 species from 45 families in PT. JBG. The highest diversity index values are found in riparian forests and the lowest diversity values are found in reclamation sites in 2016 from all observations of species of aves and mammals, for the highest diversity reptile category found in riparian forests and the lowest in Reclamation 2005. Evenness values are inversely proportional to diversity values, the higher the value of diversity the lower the value of evenness and vice versa the lower the value of diversity the higher the value of evenness. This is because the number of species found differs greatly from the number of individuals that are spread unevenly at each observation location. Wildlife that has the highest relative frequency value with a value of 100% is found in the type of aves, striped bird (Rhipidura javanica), sriganti honey bird (Nectarinia jugularis), coconut honey bird (Anthreptes malacensis), king sepah honey bird (Aethopyga siparaja) and for sriganti honey birds (Nectarinia jugularis), coconut honey birds (Anthreptes malacensis), king sepah honey birds (Aethopyga siparaja) and for sriganti honey birds (Nectarinia jugularis), coconut honey birds (Anthreptes malacensis) mammals are coconut squirrels (Callosciurus notatus).Keywords: Analysis; Land cover; Diversity; Relative frequency

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Impacts of artificial reservoirs on floristic diversity and plant functional traits in dry forests after 15 years

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.16013 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 548-557

Author(s):

SF Lopes ◽

VS Vale ◽

JA Prado Júnior ◽

I Schiavini

Keyword(s):

Human Services ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Basal Area ◽

Dry Forest ◽

Ecological Functions ◽

Tree Community ◽

Random Samples ◽

Floristic Data ◽

Shannon’S Diversity Index ◽

Artificial Reservoirs

AbstractDams are of paramount importance to a wide variety of human services and many of their environmental problems are known; however, there are few studies in the world addressing the impacts on the native vegetation previously distant from water bodies which became close to the lakeshore created by a dam. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the responses of a dry forest to a dam after 15 years. For this, 20 random samples of 40 trees were made, 10 close to the lakeshore and 10 distant from it, by applying the central square point method. Close to the dam, we found higher values regarding basal area, number of trees, number of evergreen trees, and zoochoric syndrome, but there were lower values of Shannon’s diversity index. Therefore, the impacts of the dam after 15 years caused several changes to the tree community. The greater basal area close to the dam suggests that water deficit during the dry season was decreased and plants have thicker trunks. On the other hand, this sector had much more zoochoric syndrome and a larger number of evergreen trees than plots which are distant from water, suggesting changes with regard to the community’s ecological functions. Furthermore, structural floristic data shows that the sector close to the dam is less similar to other deciduous forests within the same geographical region than the sector distant from water, thus providing evidence of the impacts of dams on the tree community.

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SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF Theobroma subincanumMart. AND Theobromaspeciosum Willd. ex Spreng.IN THE PARQUE NACIONAL DO JURUENA, MATO GROSSO STATE, BRAZIL

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/1806-90882017000100001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Juliana de Freitas Encinas Dardengo ◽

Ana Aparecida Bandini Rossi ◽

Carolina Joana da Silva ◽

Marcos Silveira

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Basal Area ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Random Pattern ◽

Conservation Areas ◽

Forest Environment ◽

Horizontal Structure ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Number Of Individuals

ABSTRACT Analysis of the spatial distribution is a very useful tool to understand the ecological behavior of the species in that it provides information that underlies management strategies and influences the population structure. To study the horizontal structure of the species T. speciosum (Cacaui) and T. subincanum (Cupui) in the "Parque Nacional do Juruena", Mato Grosso state, a 200 x 160 m grid was implemented and divided into 40 adjacent 20 x 40 m subplots. All individuals of the species under study that had DBH > 1 cm were measured. The following parameters were analyzed: number of individuals, density, total height, basal area, diametric distribution, and spatial distribution. The research sampled 165 T. speciosum trees (51.56 ind.ha-1) and 34 T. subincanum (10.62 ind.ha-1), with an average diameter of 6.72 cm and 12.44 respectively, the T. speciosum individuals showed an aggregated distribution pattern, while the T. subincanum individuals presented a random pattern. The diametric distribution of T. speciosum followed an exponential distribution in a reverse-J shaped pattern, behavior expected for a forest environment with little anthropic pressure, while T. subincanum did not follow the same pattern, though the species demonstrated to be well established in the area, with significant number of individuals in all diameter classes, thus,the results indicate the importance of conservation areas established in order to safeguard the natural environment from the pressures of anthropic actions, and also the need for studies in the region of the Amazon biome.

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Tree species occurring on ariparian slope and correlations with soil variables in the upper Grande River, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782012005000092 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 (12) ◽

pp. 2192-2198 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Israel Marinho Pereira ◽

Soraya Alvarenga Botelho ◽

Evandro Luiz Mendonça Machado ◽

Carlos Jose Andrade Silveira

Keyword(s):

Environmental Variables ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Vital Role ◽

Successional Stage ◽

Horizontal Structure ◽

Soil Variables ◽

Tree Community ◽

Water Courses ◽

Individual Trees

Historically, forest landscapes have been modified by human activities, causing its destruction and fragmentation to exploit its resources. However, forests play a vital role in protecting the environment, especially on slops, hilltops, lakes, springs and river banks. This study aimed to understand the diversity and structure of vegetation on a slope of riparian forest in Bocaina de Minas, MG and identify key environmental variables that influence the spatial distribution of individual trees. An inventory of the tree community was conducted, in which ten of 10m×40m plots were allocated and systematically distributed throughout the study area. All individuals existing shrubs and trees within the plots with 1.30m diameter ≥ 5.0cm of soil were sampled in order to generate information on the horizontal structure, richness and diversity of the community. Variables related to the substrata were obtained for each plot from the topography and laboratory analysis of soil samples (pH, levels of P, K, Ca, Mg and Al, base saturation (V), organic matter and levels of sand, silt and clay). Other variables such as distance from the river and successional stage of the plots, were also evaluated. In order to correlate environmental variables with the abundance distribution of the species, a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and Spearman correlation were used. The Shannon diversity index (H') and evenness index (J') obtained were 3.53 and 0.76, respectively. The emerging patterns of environmental variables and the abundance of species indicate that these were distributed throughout the fragment, mainly due to the P content in soil and successional stage of the plots. In addition, several species have produced significant correlations between their abundance in the plots and the variables related to successional stage, variations in soil, and distance from the banks of water courses.

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Distribusi dan Keanekaragaman Herpetofauna di Hulu Sungai Gunung Sindoro, Jawa Tengah

Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan ◽

10.22146/jik.34108 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Subeno Subeno

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Environmental Degradation ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Forest Area ◽

Species Number ◽

A Value ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Land Use Types ◽

Number Of Individuals

Sebagian besar lahan di kawasan lereng Gunung Sindoro sudah mengalami konversi menjadi tipe penggunaan lahan lain terutama pertanian. Kondisi ini tentu saja sangat memengaruhi potensi biotik yang ada di sana. Penggalian potensi fauna yaitu herpetofauna sangat perlu dilakukan karena herpetofauna bisa digunakan sebagai indikator kerusakan lingkungan yang terjadi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi dan keanekaragaman jenis herpetofauna yang ada di hulu sungai pada kawasan lereng Gunung Sindoro. Metode yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Visual Encounter Survey (VES) dengan rancangan transek. Penempatan transek sepanjang 1 km yang digunakan di sepanjang sungai yang ada di dalam kawasan lereng Gunung Sindoro. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan adalah data jenis yang meliputi nama jenis, jumlah individu/jenis, SVL (snout-vent length), berat, jenis kelamin, dan aktivitas saat dijumpai dan posisi dalam lingkungan. Selanjutnya digunakan indeks keragaman Shanon-Wiener untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman herpetofauna. Distribusi atau sebaran dilakukan dengan mengolah titik koordinat perjumpaan dengan herpetofauna menggunakan ArcView 3.3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari seluruh lokasi penelitian berhasil ditemukan sebanyak 14 jenis herpetofauna yang terdiri dari 4 jenis reptil dan 10 jenis amfibi. Famili Ranidae dan Dicroglossidae mendominasi jenis amfibi yaitu sebanyak 3 jenis dan untuk famili Bufonidae, Megophrydae, Microhylidae, dan Rhacophoridae masing-masing terdiri dari 1 jenis. Keempat jenis reptil yang ditemukan berasal dari 4 famili yang berbeda yaitu Colubridae, Agamidae, Gekkonidae, dan Scincidae. Indeks keragaman herpetofauna di kawasan tersebut memiliki nilai sebesar 1,03 yang termasuk kategori rendah. Persebaran spesies herpetofauna bervariasi dimana 1 spesies tersebar di seluruh lokasi pengamatan sedangkan 2 spesies tersebar di empat lokasi pengamatan. Selanjutnya, 1 spesies tersebar di 3 lokasi, 3 spesies yang tersebar di 2 lokasi, dan 6 spesies hanya ditemukan di 1 lokasi pengamatan. Distribution and Diversity of Herpetofauna in Upper River of Mount Sindoro, Central JavaAbstractMost of area on the slopes of Mount Sindoro has been converted from forest area to other land-use types, particularly into agriculture area. The massive conversion in this region can have a significant effect for its biotic conditions. The exploration of fauna, especially herpetofauna, is highly necessary as they can be used as indicators of environmental degradation. The purpose of this study was to explore the distribution and diversity of herpetofauna in the upper river on the slopes of Mount Sindoro. The method used in this study was the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) with transects design. Transects were placed with the length of 1 km along rivers in the study area. We collected herpetofauna species, number of individuals, measured snout-vent length, weight, identified sex, and observing their activities when encountered. Further, Shannon-Wiener diversity index was used to determine the diversity of herpetofauna. The mapping distribution of herpetofauna was done by processing the coordinates of an encountered herpetofauna with using ArcView 3.3. The results showed that from all of the study site, it had been found 14 species of herpetofauna which consisted of 4 species of reptiles and 10 species of amphibians. Family Ranidae and Dicroglossidae were dominant amphibians with 3 species. Further, family Bufonidae, Megophrydae, Microhylidae, and Rhacophoridae had 1 species for each. Four species of reptiles were found from 4 different families (Colubridae, Agamidae, Gekkonidae and Scincidae). Herpetofauna diversity index in the region had a value of 1.03 which was considered in a low category level. Distribution of herpetofauna species were varied i.e. 1 species scattered throughout the observation location whereas 2 species were spread across four observation sites. In addition, 1 species was spread over 3 locations, 3 species were spread across 2 locations and 6 species were only found in 1 location.

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Floristic Variation of Tree Communities and Their Association with Soil Properties in Pulau Jerejak, Penang, Peninsular Malaysia

Science Letters ◽

10.24191/sl.v14i1.7899 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Faezah Pardi

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Basal Area ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

Importance Value ◽

Conservation Action ◽

Endangered Tree ◽

Endangered Tree Species ◽

Tree Communities ◽

Floristic Variation

This study was conducted at Pulau Jerejak, Penang to determine the floristic variation of its tree communities. A 0.5-hectare study plot was established and divided into 11 subplots. A total of 587 trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) of 5 cm and above were measured, identified and recorded. The tree communities comprised of 84 species, 63 genera and 32 families. The Myrtaceae was the most speciose family with 10 recorded species while Syzgium glaucum (Myrtaceae) was the most frequent species. The Myrtaceae recorded the highest density of 306 individuals while Syzgium glaucum (Myrtaceae) had the highest species density of 182 individuals. Total tree basal area (BA) was 21.47 m2/ha and family with the highest BA was Myrtaceae with 5.81 m2/ha while at species level, Syzgium glaucum (Myrtaceae) was the species with the highest total BA in the plot with value of 4.95 m2/ha. The Shannon˗Weiner Diversity Index of tree communities showed a value of 3.60 (H'max = 4.43) and Evenness Index of 0.81 which indicates high uniformity of tree species. The Margalef Richness Index (R') revealed that the tree species richness was 13.02. Myrtaceae had the highest Importance Value of 20.4%. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that Diospyros buxifolia (Ebenaceae) and Pouteria malaccensis (Sapotaceae) were strongly correlated to low pH. Dysoxylum cauliflorum (Meliaceae) and Eriobotrya bengalensis (Rosaceae) were correlated to phosphorus (P) and calcium ion (Ca2+), respectively. Therefore, the trees species composition at Pulau Jerejak showed that the biodiversity is high and conservation action should be implemented to protect endangered tree species. Keywords: Floristic variation; Tree communities; Trees composition; Pulau Jerejak; Species diversity

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Optimal Perturbations of an Oceanic Vortex Lens

Fluids ◽

10.3390/fluids3030063 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 63 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Thomas Meunier ◽

Claire Ménesguen ◽

Xavier Carton ◽

Sylvie Le Gentil ◽

Richard Schopp

Keyword(s):

Normal Mode ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Time Interval ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Horizontal Structure ◽

Azimuthal Wave ◽

Wave Numbers ◽

Non Linear ◽

Long Time ◽

Short Time

The stability properties of a vortex lens are studied in the quasi geostrophic (QG) framework using the generalized stability theory. Optimal perturbations are obtained using a tangent linear QG model and its adjoint. Their fine-scale spatial structures are studied in details. Growth rates of optimal perturbations are shown to be extremely sensitive to the time interval of optimization: The most unstable perturbations are found for time intervals of about 3 days, while the growth rates continuously decrease towards the most unstable normal mode, which is reached after about 170 days. The horizontal structure of the optimal perturbations consists of an intense counter-shear spiralling. It is also extremely sensitive to time interval: for short time intervals, the optimal perturbations are made of a broad spectrum of high azimuthal wave numbers. As the time interval increases, only low azimuthal wave numbers are found. The vertical structures of optimal perturbations exhibit strong layering associated with high vertical wave numbers whatever the time interval. However, the latter parameter plays an important role in the width of the vertical spectrum of the perturbation: short time interval perturbations have a narrow vertical spectrum while long time interval perturbations show a broad range of vertical scales. Optimal perturbations were set as initial perturbations of the vortex lens in a fully non linear QG model. It appears that for short time intervals, the perturbations decay after an initial transient growth, while for longer time intervals, the optimal perturbation keeps on growing, quickly leading to a non-linear regime or exciting lower azimuthal modes, consistent with normal mode instability. Very long time intervals simply behave like the most unstable normal mode. The possible impact of optimal perturbations on layering is also discussed.

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Genetic Variability of Cercospora coffeicola from Organic and Conventional Coffee Plantings, Characterized by Vegetative Compatibility

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-98-11-1205 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 98 (11) ◽

pp. 1205-1211 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. B. Martins ◽

L. A. Maffia ◽

E. S. G. Mizubuti

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Production Systems ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Vegetative Compatibility ◽

Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽

Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽

Nit Mutants ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Minas Gerais State ◽

Cercospora Coffeicola

Cercospora leaf spot is a destructive fungal disease that has become a threat to the coffee industry in Brazil. Nevertheless, little is known about populations of its causal agent, Cercospora coffeicola. We evaluated the potential of using nitrogen-nonutilizing (nit) mutants and vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) to characterize the genetic variability of the C. coffeicola population associated with coffee plantings in Minas Gerais state (MG), Brazil. A total of 90 monosporic isolates were obtained from samples collected according to a hierarchical sampling scheme: (i) state geographical regions (Sul, Mata, and Triângulo), and (ii) production systems (conventional and organic). Nit mutants were obtained and 28 VCGs were identified. The 10 largest VCGs included 72.31% of all isolates, whereas each of the remaining 18 VCGs included 1.54% of the isolates. Isolates of the largest VCGs were found in the three regions sampled. Based on the frequencies of VCGs at each sampled level, we estimated the Shannon diversity index, as well as its richness and evenness components. Genetic variability was high at all hierarchical levels, and a high number of VCGs was found in populations of C. coffeicola associated with both conventional and organic coffee plantings.

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