The Influence of Temperature on Toughness of PA6/POE-G-MAH/OMMT Blends

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 630-633
Author(s):  
You Wen ◽  
Yu Zhu Xiong ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Cai Juan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
C 23 ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
State Changes ◽  
Stress Whitening ◽  
The Impact

Composite materials of POE-g-MAH，OMMT and PA6 were prepared by blending technology. Thermodynamic performances of PA6/POE-g-MAH/OMMT were determined in different temperature by SEM, TEM and XRD. The experimental results indicate that the notched impact strength of bends with the same component gradually increases as temperature increases in the range of -37 °C-23°C ,and with POE-g-MAH/OMMT content increasing, the impact strength keeps rising and stress whitening occurs; But at 50°C, higher than the glass transition temperature of PA6/POE-g-MAH/OMMT , plastic deformation begins easily and strongly. Because POE-g-MAH to a certain content, the stress state changes from plane strain to plane stress, make the ability of plastic deformation increasing .The plastic deformation absorbs many impact energy, and make the stress whitening phenomenon.

Silane Functionalized Ethylene/Diene Copolymer Modifiers in Composites of Heterophasic Polypropylene and Microsilica

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lipponen ◽  
P. Pietikäinen ◽  
U. Vainio ◽  
R. Serimaa ◽  
J.V. Seppälä
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Metallocene Catalyst ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Rubber Toughened ◽  
Rubbery Phase ◽  
The Impact

Ethylene/1,7-octadiene copolymer was polymerised with metallocene catalyst and hydrosilylated to form silane functionalised polyethylenes (PE-co-SiX, X=Cl, OEt, Ph). The functionalised species were tested as modifiers in composites of rubber toughened polypropylene (heterophasic PP, hPP) and microsilica filler (μSi). A metallocene-based functionalised PE (PE-co-SiF) produced earlier in our laboratory and three commercial grades of functionalised polyolefins (one PE- and two PP-based) were used as reference modifiers. Major differences were seen in the toughness of the composites both above and below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PP. In addition to increasing the stiffness, the microsilica filler enhanced the toughness of the heterophasic polypropylene by over 200% at ambient temperature. Below the Tg of PP (at −20 °C), the influence of μSi was the opposite and the impact strength of the hPP/μSi composite was below that of unfilled hPP. With the addition of just 2 wt% of functionalised polyethylene, the poor cold toughness of hPP/μSi composite was improved by nearly 100%. With the same addition, the toughness of the composites at ambient temperature was improved by 50 to 100% compared with the unfilled hPP. This behaviour was explained by significant changes in the fracture mechanism. Addition of functionalised PE increased the concentration of microsilica in the rubbery phase, allowing the crack to enter that phase. The rubbery phase was also able to absorb a large amount of impact energy below the glass transition temperature of PP.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Modified Polyphenylene Oxide by a Direct Fiber Feeding Extrusion Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10266
Author(s):  
SeungJae Ahn ◽  
Jae-Chul Lee ◽  
Ki-Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Polyphenylene Oxide ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
The Impact

Polyphenylene oxide (PPO) polymers have good mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, but they have poor processability owing to their quite high melt viscosity. This hinders the manufacturing processes of fiber-reinforced thermoplastics that have enhanced mechanical and physical properties. Although PPO was modified by blending with polystyrene (PS) or polyamide to improve processability, the modified PPO (mPPO) still had a high melt viscosity compared with other polymers. Thus, the fiber-reinforced mPPO is manufactured by compounding with chopped fiber, while various methods are applied to manufacture the fiber-reinforced polypropylene and polyamide in order to improve properties. One of the methods is a direct fiber feeding method, which can keep the longer fiber length because of a direct and continuous roving yarn feeding without chopping. Therefore, the composite manufactured by the direct fiber feeding method is expected to improve the mechanical properties. Hence, this study aims to investigate the feasibility of a direct fiber feeding extrusion process for manufacturing glass-fiber-reinforced mPPO or GFmPPO. The manufactured GF/mPPO composites exhibited increased tensile and flexural properties as the fiber content increased up to 50 wt% of GF owing to the predominant effects of fiber content.. Nevertheless, the larger core area in the cross-section micrograph of the tensile specimen of the GF/mPPO composite with 50 wt% of GF was observed to reduce the fiber efficiency factor for tensile strength. Meanwhile, the impact strength of the GF/mPPO composites decreased with increasing GF content. This is attributed to the insufficient fiber length for the impact strength. As the GF content increased, the glass transition temperature slightly decreased. This result was interpreted as being a result of thermal degradation during the extrusion process to manufacture the GF/mPPO masterbatch. The results of the dynamic mechanical analyses, e.g., storage modulus and tan δ, show the good correlation with the increased flexural modulus, the decreased glass transition temperature, and the impact strength as the GF content increased.

scholarly journals Plasticization of Polylactide with Myrcene and Limonene as Bio-Based Plasticizers: Conventional vs. Reactive Extrusion

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berit Brüster ◽  
Yann-Olivier Adjoua ◽  
Reiner Dieden ◽  
Patrick Grysan ◽  
Carlos Eloy Federico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Reactive Blend ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inclusion Matrix

Polylactide (PLA) was blended by conventional and reactive extrusion with limonene (LM) or myrcene (My) as bio-based plasticizers. As-processed blends were carefully analyzed by a multiscale and multidisciplinary approach to tentatively determine their chemical structure, microstructure, thermal properties, tensile and impact behaviors, and hydrothermal stability. The main results indicated that LM and My were efficient plasticizers for PLA, since compared to neat PLA, the glass transition temperature was reduced, the ultimate tensile strain was increased, and the impact strength was increased, independently of the type of extrusion. The addition of a free radical initiator during the extrusion of PLA/LM was beneficial for the mechanical properties. Indeed, the probable formation of local branched/crosslinked regions in the PLA matrix enhanced the matrix crystallinity, the tensile yield stress, and the tensile ultimate stress compared to the non-reactive blend PLA/LM, while the other properties were retained. For PLA/My blends, reactive extrusion was detrimental for the mechanical properties since My polymerization was accelerated resulting in a drop of the tensile ultimate strain and impact strength, and an increase of the glass transition temperature. Indeed, large inclusions of polymerized My were formed, decreasing the available content of My for the plasticization and enhancing cavitation from inclusion-matrix debonding.

Measuring the Influence of Temperature on the Development of Elastic Anisotropy With Compressive Plastic Flow for Glassy Polycarbonate

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Goel ◽  
Y. Wen ◽  
J. Hein ◽  
M. Negahban ◽  
J. A. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transverse Direction ◽  
Elastic Anisotropy ◽  
Elastic Response ◽  
Wave Speeds ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Ultrasonic Techniques ◽  
Time Of Travel

The development of anisotropy as a result of isothermal plastic deformation below the glass transition temperature is investigated for different deformation temperatures. Initially, isotropic polycarbonate was subjected to different extents of plastic strain in compression and the developed anisotropic wave speeds were measured using time of travel ultrasonic techniques. Longitudinal wave speeds were measured both in the axial and transverse direction of compression for different deformation temperatures. The wave moduli clearly indicated the development of a transversely elastic response as a result of uniaxial compression.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYDIMETHYL ETHER OF NORBORENE -2;3-DICARBOXYLIC ACID

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina S. Bozhenkova ◽  
Alexandra N. Tarakanovskaya ◽  
Oksana D. Tarnovskaya ◽  
Roman V. Ashirov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the production of polymer by metathesis ring-opening polymerization under the influence of ruthenium initiator of type of Hoveyda-Grubbs II generation. The monomer used the mixture of dimethyl ether norbornene-2;3-dicarboxylic acid. The monomer was prepared by the Diels-Alder reaction of dicyclopentadiene and dimethyl maleate. The polymer was prepared in bulk of the monomer mixture. In this paper we have studied the physical and mechanical properties polydimethyl ether of norbornene-2;3-dicarboxylic acid; and assessed the impact of environmental factors on the change in properties of the polymer. As environmental factors; light; UV radiation; water; 0.1 M hydrochloric acid were applied; and accelerated aging conditions; which were held in a climate chamber. During performance we found that maintaining the polymer samples in the UV light chamber led to the slight increase in flexural modulus. In contrast; the polymer storage in water and in a hydrochloric acid solution for two months resulted in a slight decrease in the modulus of elasticity in bending index. These factors did not affect the change in the glass transition temperature of the polymer. Under the conditions of accelerated aging conducted for 1; 2 and 6 days after two cycles we observed the drop in modulus for bending of 8.5%; after 6 cycles of 13%. The glass transition temperature of polydimethyl ether of norbornene-2;3-dicarboxylic acid after 6 cycles decreased by only 3.4% in the climatic chamber. Studies have shown that the resulting polymer is resistant to water; hydrochloric acid; light and UV radiation; as well as it saves properties at a sufficient level for operation at conditions of accelerated aging. It should be noted that the tested polymer was prepared without additives; stabilizers and antioxidants. The proposed polymer can be used as a structural material for machine parts; including bulky.For citation:Bozhenkova G.S.; Tarakanovskaya A.N.; Tarnovskaya O.D.; Ashirov R.V. Influence of environmental factors on physical-mechanical properties of polydimethyl ether of norborene -2;3-dicarboxylic acid. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 5. P. 68-73

Effect of Severe Plastic Deformation and Hardening on the Properties and Failure Mechanisms of Constructional Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 945 ◽  
pp. 579-584
Author(s):  
Maria Z. Borisova
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Constructional Steel ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
The Impact

The influence of severe plastic deformation on structural materials has been actively studied in recent years. Undoubtedly is the positive influence of this method on strength characteristics of materials. In addition, it is very interesting to influence of the severe plastic deformation on the mechanisms of fracture. One of the most common methods of severe plastic deformation is equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP). In this paper, the influence of different modes of ECAP on the strength of structural steel was studied. Also, the destruction of steel at different test temperatures was studied in detail. It is shown that the ECAP increases the strength of steel almost twice, but the plasticity of steel is reduced, which leads to fragility. Quenching can remove the negative impact of the ECAP on toughness of the steel and will increase the impact strength several times.

scholarly journals Recycled Glass Fibres from Wind Turbines as a Filler for Poly(Vinyl Chloride)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Lewandowski ◽  
Katarzyna Skórczewska ◽  
Kazimierz Piszczek ◽  
Włodzimierz Urbaniak
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride

This paper presents the method of using glass fibre with carbon deposit (GFCD), derived from the recycling of wind turbine blades, for production of composite materials based on poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Composite materials containing from 1 to 15 wt% of GFCD were produced by plasticising with a plastographometer and then by pressing. The processability and performance were studied. Mechanical properties in static tension, impact strength, and thermal stability were determined. Glass transition temperature was also determined by means of the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The GFCD percentage of up to 15 wt% was found not to slightly affect the change in the processability, thermal stability, and glass transition temperature. PVC/GFCD composite materials are characterised by a definitely greater elastic modulus with simultaneous decrease of tensile strength and impact strength. An analysis with scanning electron microscopy revealed good adhesion between the filler and the polymer matrix.

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