Preparation of Coal-Based Activated Carbon and its Application for Methylene Blue Removal

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 988-992
Author(s):  
Guo Zhuo Gong ◽  
Qiang Xie ◽  
Wen Fen Yang ◽  
Xin Yao
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Preparation Condition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Acid Washing ◽  
Mb Adsorption

In accordance with an orthogonal experiment design, a series of ACs for methylene blue (MB) removal had been prepared in the presence of small amounts of KOH in raw material combined with delicate acid washing after carbonization and before steam activation. ACs were characterized, and their adsorption capacities for MB were determined as well. It was found that it was feasible to regulate and optimize pore structure in coal-based ACs by tuning preparation conditions concisely and properly, and the MB adsorption capacities were linearly correlated with their specific surface areas. Based on statistic analysis, it was revealed that among the four process variables studied for the sorbent prepared in this work, the activation temperature was found to be the most significant one for the MB adsorption capacity, the next ones were the activation time, the flow rate of water vapor and the amount of KOH, and an optimized preparation condition was figured out.

scholarly journals Char Products From Bamboo Waste Pyrolysis and Acid Activation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Parthasarathy ◽  
Hamish R. Mackey ◽  
Sabah Mariyam ◽  
Shifa Zuhara ◽  
Tareq Al-Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
Methylene Blue Adsorption ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Adsorption Capacities

Bamboo is found worldwide but is especially concentrated in tropical and subtropical areas with the major producing nations being China, Indonesia and Thailand with an annual production of 12 million tonnes. It has found uses in many applications such as: furniture, flooring, roofing, fencing, interior design and scaffolding in the construction industry. In this study, discarded waste bamboo furniture was used in the ground form as the raw material feedstock for the production of a series of biochars and activated carbons. The biochars were produced at different temperatures, namely, 723, 823, 923, 1,023, 1,123 and 1223 K, in a muffle furnace inerted with nitrogen and for different pyrolysis times. The product chars yields were 20–30% by weight of the raw material, surface areas were 100–350 m2/g. Other tests include elemental analysis, helium displacement density, pH, ICP-AES on a leachate sample. Four of the different temperature samples of biochar were used to adsorb the basic dye methylene blue and were shown to possess high adsorption capacities. Then, the same bamboo raw material powder was treated with acid and pyrolysed/activated in a nitrogen atmosphere at the same range of temperatures to produce activated carbons; these were characterized using similar test methods to the biochars. The yields are in the range 20–40% by weight of the raw material feedstock and the BET surface areas are in the range 200–600 m2/g. Three of the different temperature activated carbons were used to adsorb methylene blue and the results were compared with the biochar results. All the adsorption experimental isotherm results were analyzed using conventional isotherm equations. The benefits and cost implications of both biochar and activated carbon routes are discussed. The methylene blue adsorption capacities are extremely attractive in the range 0.42–1.12 mmol/g (150–300 mg/g char product) and extend to over 2.35 mmol/g (700 mg/g) for the bamboo derived activated carbons. The micropore and mesopore volumes have been determined under the various char and activated carbon experimental conditions and coupled with the surface areas; these results have been used to explain the trends in the methylene blue adsorption capacities.

Experimental Study on Production of Activated Carbons from Furfural Residues

2014 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Lei Yin ◽  
Ai Min Li ◽  
Zhi Kun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Furfural Residues

The activated carbons (ACs) were prepared by furfural residues with the activation of water vapor. The optimum condition of preparation was investigated by orthogonal experiment. The influences of carbonization temperature and time, activation temperature and time, quantity of steam on the adsorption behavior of the ACs were investigated. The experimental response varied between: 24.7-38.7% for the total yield, 29-162mg/g for the adsorption of methylene blue (AMB), 495.2-904.7 mg/g for the adsorption of iodine (AI), 113.9-524m2/g for the surface areas calculates by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (SBET). The optimal activated carbon is obtained when using 600°C as carbonization temperature, 900°C as activation temperature and 25min as carbonization and activation time. The results indicated that under optimum conditions the methylene blue of AC was 163mg/g, the iodine of AC was 904.7mg/g, the surface areas (SBET) of AC was 524m2/g, and the Yield of AC was 30.6%.

scholarly journals Synthesis of activated carbon from biowaste of fir bark for methylene blue removal

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 190523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Luo ◽  
Xi Wu ◽  
Zeliang Li ◽  
Yalan Zhou ◽  
Tingting Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Mb Adsorption

Activated carbon (AC) was successfully prepared from low-cost forestry fir bark (FB) waste using KOH activation method. Morphology and texture properties of ACFB were studied by scanning and high-resolution transmission electron microscopies (SEM and HRTEM), respectively. The resulting fir bark-based activated carbon (ACFB) demonstrated high surface area (1552 m 2 g −1 ) and pore volume (0.84 cm 3 g −1 ), both of which reflect excellent potential adsorption properties of ACFB towards methylene blue (MB). The effect of various factors, such as pH, initial concentration, adsorbent content as well as adsorption duration, was studied individually. Adsorption isotherms of MB were fitted using all three nonlinear models (Freundlich, Langmuir and Tempkin). The best fitting of MB adsorption results was obtained using Freundlich and Temkin. Experimental results showed that kinetics of MB adsorption by our ACFB adsorbent followed pseudo-second-order model. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained was 330 mg g −1 , which indicated that FB is an excellent raw material for low-cost production of AC suitable for cationic dye removal.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Porous Material from Coal Gasification Fine Slag Residual Carbon and Its Application in Removal of Methylene Blue

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 6116
Author(s):  
Yixin Zhang ◽  
Rumeng Wang ◽  
Guofeng Qiu ◽  
Wenke Jia ◽  
Yang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Porous Material ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Residual Carbon ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Foam Flotation

A large amount of coal gasification slag is produced every year in China. However, most of the current disposal is into landfills, which causes serious harm to the environment. In this research, coal gasification fine slag residual carbon porous material (GFSA) was prepared using gasification fine slag foam flotation obtained carbon residue (GFSF) as raw material and an adsorbent to carry out an adsorption test on waste liquid containing methylene blue (MB). The effects of activation parameters (GFSF/KOH ratio mass ratio, activation temperature, and activation time) on the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of GFSA were investigated. The total specific surface area and pore volume of GSFA with the highest CEC were 574.02 m2/g and 0.467 cm3/g, respectively. The degree of pore formation had an important effect on CEC. The maximum adsorption capacity of GFSA on MB was 19.18 mg/g in the MB adsorption test. The effects of pH, adsorption time, amount of adsorbent, and initial MB concentration on adsorption efficiency were studied. Langmuir isotherm and quasi second-order kinetic model have a good fitting effect on the adsorption isotherm and kinetic model of MB.

scholarly journals Preparation of fly ash-based flocculant and flocculation performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2079 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
Junxin Zhang ◽  
Xiumei Duan
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Preparation Conditions

Abstract Using fly ash from a thermal power plant in Yingkou City as raw material, The inorganic polymer flocculant polyaluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) was prepared by sodium carbonate impregnation, high temperature roasting activation, and acid leaching. The influence of activation temperature and activation time on the leaching of aluminum and iron was investigated through single factor test and orthogonal test. The PAFC preparation conditions were optimized, and the prepared PAFC flocculant product was applied to kaolin turbidity water. The test results showed that the content of aluminum in fly ash was 7.08%, and the content of iron was 4.95%. The mass ratio of the activator sodium carbonate and fly ash was 10:7, the activation temperature was 800°C, and the activation time was 2h. The leaching rates of aluminum and iron were the highest, 88.31% and 53.66% respectively. The optimal conditions for the preparation of the flocculant were as follows: the molar ratio of aluminum to iron was 5.7:1, and the reaction time was 1.5h. The liquid product obtained under these conditions was yellowish brown, and the solid product obtained after being dried was yellow powder.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on the Adsorption Capacities of the Three Black Phosphorus-Based Materials for Methylene Blue in Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8335
Author(s):  
Juanhong Wang ◽  
Zhaocheng Zhang ◽  
Dongyang He ◽  
Hao Yang ◽  
Dexin Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Black Phosphorus ◽  
Adsorption Effect ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Adsorption Behaviors ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Black Phosphorene

Dye effluent has attracted considerable attention from worldwide researchers due to its harm and toxicity in recent years; as a result, the treatment for dye has become one of the focuses in the environmental field. Adsorption has been widely applied in water treatment owing to its various advantages. However, the adsorption behaviors of the new materials, such as the 2D black phosphorus (BP), for pollution were urgently revealed and improved. In this work, BP, black phosphorene (BPR), and sulfonated BPR (BPRS) were prepared by the vapor phase deposition method, liquid-phase exfoliating method, and modification with sulfonation, respectively. The three BP-based materials were characterized and used as adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue (MB) in water. The results showed that the specific surface areas (SSAs) of BP, BPR, and BPRS were only 6.78, 6.92, and 7.72 m2·g−1, respectively. However, the maximum adsorption capacities of BP, BPR, and BPRS for MB could reach up to 84.03, 91.74, and 140.85 mg·g−1, which were higher than other reported materials with large SSAs such as graphene (GP), nanosheet/magnetite, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). In the process of BP adsorbing MB, wrinkles were generated, and the wrinkles would further induce adsorption. BPR had fewer layers (3–5), more wrinkles, and stronger adsorption capacity (91.74 mg·g−1). The interactions between the BP-based materials and MB might cause the BP-based materials to deform, i.e., to form wrinkles, thereby creating new adsorption sites between layers, and then further inducing adsorption. Although the wrinkles had a certain promotion effect, the adsorption capacity was limited, so the sulfonic acid functional group was introduced to modify BPR to increase its adsorption sites and promote the adsorption effect. These findings could provide a new viewpoint and insight on the adsorption behavior and potential application of the BP-based materials.

Comparison on Pore Development of Activated Carbon Produced from Scrap Tire by Potassium Hydroxide and Sodium Hydroxide for Active Packaging Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 545 ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athiwat Sirimuangjinda ◽  
Khanthima Hemra ◽  
Duangduen Atong ◽  
Chiravoot Pechyen
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Scrap Tire ◽  
Methylene Blue Adsorption ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Activation Mechanisms

Activated carbons were prepared by chemical activation from scrap tire with two chemical reagents, NaOH and KOH. The activation consisted of different impregnation of a reagent followed by carbonization in nitrogen at 700°C. The resultant activated carbons were characterized in terms of BET surface area, methylene blue adsorption and iodine number. The influence of each parameter of the synthesis on the properties of the activated carbons was discussed, and the action of each hydroxide was methodically compared. It is the first time that preparation parameters and pore texture characteristics are simultaneously considered for two closely related activating agents of the same char precursor. Whatever the preparation conditions, it was shown that KOH led to the most microporous materials, having surface areas and adsorption properties (methylene blue adsorption and iodine number) higher than those obtained with NaOH, which was in agreement with some early works. However, the surface areas, methylene blue adsorption and iodine number obtained in the present study were much higher than in previous studies, up to 951 m2/g, 510 mg/g and 752 mg/g, respectively, using scrap tire waste char:KOH equal to 1:1. The thorough study of the way each preparation parameter influenced the properties of the final materials bought insight into the activation mechanisms. Each time it was possible; the results of scrap tire waste chemically activated with hydroxides were compared with those obtained with anthracites; explanations of similarities and differences were systematically looked for.

Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin Oxidation to Prepare Aromatic Aldehydes with Activation of Fenton Reagent

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Wu ◽  
Ning Xu ◽  
Lei Hu ◽  
Ben Lin Dai ◽  
Jia Xing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydrolysis Lignin ◽  
Catalytic Wet Oxidation ◽  
Fenton Reagent ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Preparation Conditions

Enzymatic hydrolysis lignin was prepared and used to converse into aromatic aldehydes by catalytic wet oxidation with activation of Fenton reagent. The results demonstrated that the enzymatic hydrolysis lignin was a suitable raw material for the preparation of aromatic aldehydes. Orthogonal experiments were conducted to obtain the optimum preparation conditions. The effects of activation time, activation temperature, ratio of liquid to solid and pH of the reaction system on the yield of aromatic aldehydes were dealt with in this paper and optimal activation conditions were obtained as followed: the pH of activating reaction system was 4, activation temperature was 60°C, ratio of liquid to solid was 20:1 and activation time was 30 min. The highest yield of 13.74 % was obtained under the optimum conditions.

scholarly journals Development of optimum preparation conditions of Fe-deficient M-type Ca-Sr System hexagonal ferrites

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Chien Huang ◽  
Mo Chin-Chieh ◽  
Hsiao Tsung-Han ◽  
Lu Sheng-Han ◽  
Tai Yen-Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cobalt Content ◽  
Preparation Condition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Typical Specimen ◽  
Specific Manifestation

Abstract In this work, an experiment was carried out to investigate the preparation condition of anosotropic Fe-deficient M-type Ca-Sr system ferrite with optimum magnetic and physical properties using the raw material Fe2O3 from steel industrial iron oxide waste. The compositions of the calcined ferrites were chosen according to the stoichiometry Ca1 − x−yLaxSryFe10.9CozO19, where x was varied between 0.05 and 0.85, y between 0 and 0.18, and z = 0. The effect of CaO, SiO2 and Co3O4 inter-additives on the Ca-Sr system ferrite was also discussed in order to obtain low-temperature sintered magnets. The optimum condition of making magnets and some properties of a typical specimen are as follows. The preparation condition: condition: composition Ca0.37La0.45Sr0.18Fe10.9Co0O19, calcination condition 1240 °C × 1hr in atmosphere, low-temperature sintering condition 1210 °C × 1hr in atmosphere, inter-additives Co3O4 = 1.85 wt%, CaCO3 = 1.7 wt%, SiO2 = 0.6 wt%, CaO/SiO2 = 1.59. The magnetic properties of Br=5425 Gauss, bHc=4320 Oe, iHc=4602 Oe and (BH)max=5.26 MGOe were obtained for Ca-Sr system hard magnets with relatively low cobalt content. The unremarkable steel industrial iron oxide waste is recycled produce high-end permanent magnets under output power < 1 kW, which will eventually be used in high-efficiency motors. This is a specific manifestation of "garbage turning into gold" and is one of the best models of circular economy.

Alternative treatments to improve the potential of rice husk as adsorbent for methylene blue

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dison S. P. Franco ◽  
Eduardo H. Tanabe ◽  
Daniel A. Bertuol ◽  
Glaydson S. dos Reis ◽  
Éder C. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Alternative Treatments ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Endothermic Process ◽  
Mb Adsorption

Alternative treatments, such as, NaOH, ultrasound assisted (UA) and supercritical CO2 (SCO2), were performed to improve the potential of rice husk as adsorbent to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous media. All the treatments improved the surface characteristics of rice husk, exposing its organic fraction and/or providing more adsorption sites. The Langmuir and Hill models were able to explain the MB adsorption for all adsorbents in all studied temperatures. The experimental and modeled parameters demonstrated that the MB adsorption was favored by the temperature increase and by the use of NaOH-rice husk. The maximum adsorption capacities for the MB solutions (ranging from 10 to 100 mg L−1), estimated from the Langmuir model at 328 K, were in the following order: NaOH rice-husk (65.0 mg g−1) &gt; UA-rice husk (58.7 mg g−1) &gt; SCO2-rice husk (56.4 mg g−1) &gt; raw rice husk (52.2 mg g−1). The adsorption was a spontaneous, favorable and endothermic process. In general, this work demonstrated that NaOH, UA and SCO2 treatments are alternatives to improve the potential of rice husk as adsorbent.

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