Field Level Assessment of Soil Organic Matter and Nutritional Dynamics under Vegetated and Non Vegetated Ecosystems in Hotan River Basin, Xinjiang, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 2281-2286
Author(s):  
Zaynulla Rahmutulla ◽  
Murat A. Yakubov ◽  
Jia Qiang Lei ◽  
Shovkat Kenjaboyev
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fallow Land ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Earth’S Climate

Carbon dioxide is major cause of the greenhouse effect which is believed to be warming the Earth’s climate, the balance between accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) and its loss through microbial respiration has global implications. In our study we have investigated dynamics of SOM during 2003-2011. Field investigations were conducted at two fields: fallow land and land cultivated by Tamarix. The following soil chemical properties also were evaluated: pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total and available NPK. The results revealed that amount of nutrients in soils are varied within two fields.

scholarly journals Physio-chemical properties and dynamic of the surface sediment in riparian mangroves along the Tien river, Tien Giang province

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Hung Duc Nguyen ◽  
Ngot Van Pham ◽  
Duy Van Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Sulfur ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Mesohaline Zone ◽  
Saturated Extract

This study was conducted to investigate the physio-chemical properties and vertical dynamic of the surface sediment (0–5 cm) in riparian mangroves along the Tien river, Tien Giang province. The distribution of riparian mangroves located from the polyhaline zone (transect S1 and S2) to the mesohaline zone (transect S3 and S4) and the oligohaline zone (transect S5). Three plots (10x10 m) per transect were set based on the elevation of the mangrove floor (cm + mean sea level) and dominant plants. A total of 28 sediment samples were collected in December 2016 and April 2017. Seasonal variation of pH, redox potential (Eh), electrical conductivity of saturated extract (ECse), bulk density, sediment organic matter (SOM) and total sulfur (TS) were measured in accordance with the standard protocols. Seasonal trends of vertical erosion and accumulation were tested by the tracer stick method. The ECse values and TS concentrations were higher in the dry season and in transects closed to the estuary (S1, S2 and S3) but these trends weren’t found for pH, Eh, and SOM. In most of the riparian mangroves along the Tiền river, low elevation (0–50 cm) was one of important factors affecting the Eh and ECse. In the rainy season, major changes in vertical erosion and acumulation have occurred in the transects near the mouth of the river.

Stimulated decomposition of soil organic matter during the decomposition of added organic materials

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Barrow
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
High Ph

When organic materials of high nitrogen content were allowed to decompose in soil, the accumulation of ammonium caused high pH. It vas shown that high pH caused increased production of carbon dioxide, sulphate, and mineral nitrogen from soil organic matter.

Composting winery wastes with clinoptilolite. Suitability for land application.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chronis Kolovos ◽  
Maria Doula ◽  
Stamatios Kavasilis ◽  
Georgios Zagklis ◽  
Gerasimos Tsitselis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Winery Waste ◽  
And Chemical Properties

<p>Soil application of raw winery wastes is a procedure of doubtful appropriateness, mainly because of waste properties, i.e. very acidic pH; high electrical conductivity; and high content of polyphenols. The disposal of winery waste on soils may cause various environmental and health hazards as for example soil overloading with polyphenols and salts, phytotoxicity to plants, odor nuisance etc. Pathogens, which may still be present in the decomposed material could spread plants and soil diseases, while waste piles attract insects, pests, domestic rodents and wildlife which may threaten public and animal health. Despite these facts, many wine producers discharge winery waste to the nearby agricultural or forest ecosystems, without treatment although this type of agricultural waste could be a significant source of organic matter and nutrients.</p><p> </p><p>In general, degradation of winery waste is a slow procedure which becomes even slower under the xerothermic climatic conditions in Greece, which may slow down the microbially mediated decomposition of organic matter and nutrients cycling; degradation of winery waste piles takes more than 5 years to be completed naturally. However, the final products are of doubtful appropriateness for fertilization use, mainly because of low quality organic matter and low nutrients content (lost mainly due to the exposure of piles to uncontrolled environmental conditions for years).</p><p> </p><p>This study aims to highlight the advantages of composting winery wastes by using also other agricultural wastes and additives as feedstock to produce a safe and environment friendly compost, appropriate for application to agricultural ecosystems. For this a 41 hectares vineyard in North Greece of about 400 tn grapes yield annually and generation of approximately 100 tn of waste was selected. Winery waste was collected after harvesting and wine-making period of 2018 and composted with cow manure, wheat straw and clinoptilolite up to 5%.</p><p> </p><p>Composting phase lasted 5 months, and during this period the pile was monitored as regard temperature, moisture and oxygen content. After composting completion, the final product was fully characterized in terms of its physical and chemical properties, considering national legislation organic materials reuse on soils. The outcomes of this study show a great potential for managing such waste types by composting using clinoptilolite in the feedstock materials since the final product has suitable physical and chemical properties for many crops, i.e. slight alkaline pH, low electrical conductivity, low polyphenol content and high content of available nutrient, therefore can be used as soil amendment or organic fertilizer.</p>

Land use effect on microbial growth and respiration under future climate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vusal Guliyev ◽  
Melissa Pfeiffer ◽  
Maria Udovenko ◽  
Christina Fasching ◽  
Thomas Reitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Organic Input ◽  
Organic C

<p>Fresh input of organic material in soil is continuously transformed and processed by growing microorganisms using this organic input as a substrate. Therefore, the quality and quantity of soil organic C stock is strongly dependent on the intensity of mineralization processes through microbial respiration and growth. We aimed to prove the sensitivity of microbial respiration and growth parameters to indicate an interactive effect of land use and climate warming. For this we used Global Change Experimental Facility in Bad Lauchstädt, UFZ, Halle, Germany. This long-term experiment is designed in 5 land use strategies (Organic Farming, Conventional Farming, Intensive Meadow, Extensive Meadow, and Extensive Pasture) and 2 climate scenarios (ambient and future). We determined basal respiration by CO<sub>2</sub> emission, microbial growth parameters by substrate-induced growth respiration (SIGR), and the quality of soil organic matter by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effect of biotic (vegetation type) and abiotic (temperature and moisture) factors on microbial attributes and on chemical composition of soil organic matter will be compared.</p>

scholarly journals Soil fertility, organic carbon and fractions of the organic matter at different distances from eucalyptus stumps

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo Erli Faria ◽  
Nairam Félix de Barros ◽  
Roberto Ferreira Novais ◽  
Ivo Ribeiro Silva
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Topsoil Layer

Knowledge on variations in vertical, horizontal and temporal characteristics of the soil chemical properties under eucalyptus stumps left in the soil is of fundamental importance for the management of subsequent crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of eucalyptus stumps (ES) left after cutting on the spatial variability of chemical characteristics in a dystrophic Yellow Argisol in the eastern coastal plain region of Brazil. For this purpose, ES left for 31 and 54 months were selected in two experimental areas with similar characteristics, to assess the decomposition effects of the stumps on soil chemical attributes. Soil samples were collected directly around these ES, and at distances of 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 cm away from them, in the layers 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm along the row of ES, which is in-between the rows of eucalyptus trees of a new plantation, grown at a spacing of 3 x 3 m. The soil was sampled in five replications in plots of 900 m² each and the samples analyzed for pH, available P and K (Mehlich-1), exchangeable Al, Ca and Mg, total organic carbon (TOC) and C content in humic substances (HS) and in the free light fraction. The pH values and P, K, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Al3+ contents varied between the soil layers with increasing distance from the 31 and 54-monthold stumps. The highest pH, P, K, Ca2+ and Mg2+ values and the lowest Al3+ content were found in the surface soil layer. The TOC of the various fractions of soil organic matter decreased with increasing distance from the 31 and 54-month-old ES in the 0-10 and 10-20 cm layers, indicating that the root (and stump) cycling and rhizodeposition contribute to maintain soil organic matter. The C contents of the free light fraction, of the HS and TOC fractions were higher in the topsoil layer under the ES left for 31 months due to the higher clay levels of this layer, than in those found under the 54-month-old stumps. However, highest C levels of the different fractions of soil organic matter in the topsoil layer reflect the deposition and maintenance of forest residues on the soil surface, mainly after forest harvest.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of improving coastal saline-alkali soil by periphyton

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Zhu ◽  
Tianyun Shao ◽  
Yujie Zhou ◽  
Xiumei Gao ◽  
Xiaohua Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Alkali Soil ◽  
Unplanted Soil

Periphyton plays an indispensable role in coastal saline-alkali land, but its function is poorly understood. Soil physical and chemical properties (pH value, salinity, soil organic matter), enzyme activity and microbial diversity (based on 16s rDNA, ITS and functional genes) were measured in periphyton formed on rice-growing coastal saline-alkali soil modified by a new type of soil conditioner. The results showed that the content of organic matter and catalase activity in periphyton were significantly higher than in the unplanted control soil. Soil pH and salinity were decreased in periphyton compared to the unplanted control soil. Based on the relative abundance, bacterial genera Desulfomicrobium, Rhodobacter, cyanobacterium_scsio_T−2, Gemmatimonas, and Salinarimonas as well as fungal genus Fusarium were more abundant in periphyton than the unplanted control soil. In terms of functional genes, the cbbM and cbbL sequencing showed higher abundance of Hydrogenophaga, Rhodovulum, Magnetospira, Leptothrix, and Thiohalorhabdus, whereas the nifH sequencing indicated higher abundance of Cyanobacteria in the periphyton compared to the unplanted soil. The relative abundance and community structure of soil microorganisms were improved by periphyton, thus reducing soil salinity and pH, increasing soil organic matter and enzyme activity. This indicated that the periphyton can improve the conditions and offer a suitable environment for plant growth in coastal saline-alkali soil.

scholarly journals A Study of the Spatial Heterogeneity of Some Chemical Properties of Terabhor Back Using GIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 408-426
Author(s):  
Wurood Amer Abdul Amir ◽  
Amal Radi Jubair
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spherical Model ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
American System ◽  
Circular Model ◽  
Random Samples

  Done studying the variability of the soils And the heterogeneity of the characteristics of the soils of the Euphrates, where 6 boreons were described and described the horizons of the pidoons as morphological and fundamental, as well as obtaining random samples on four equal depths 25-0 cm, 50-25 cm, 75-50 cm and 100-75 cm. The results of spatial heterogeneity Turbidity and Spatial Distribution Maps The heterogeneity of all the characteristics of chemical faecal soil is indicated by the results. The results indicate the variance of the horizons in the moving distance that describe the heterogeneity of the chemical properties, Electrical conductivity of EC Ranging between 0.48-5.46 and gypsum Ranging between 0.15 - 4.61 qualities more heterogeneous, and then followed by organic matter Ranging between 0.27-4.50 and CEC Ranging between 18.66-38.42 .                                                                                         The least heterogeneous properties were soil pH Ranging between 7.05- 7.62, followed by calcium carbonate Ranging between 284.28 - 438.71, where the range was high                                                                                                         The results showed that the appropriate model describing the heterogeneity of the chemical properties was the circular model, the appropriate model for describing its variation by 54%, followed by the spherical model of 43% and the gussin model of 4%. The soil of the study according to the modern American system 2014 is classified into two levels: Entisols and Mollisols .                                                                                              

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