Research Progress of Typical Taste and Odor Compounds Produced by Chlorination in Drinking Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 698-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Min Mao ◽  
Ke Jia Zhang ◽  
Tu Qiao Zhang ◽  
Hong Liang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Common Control ◽  
Taste And Odor ◽  
Pipe Water ◽  
Unpleasant Odor ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
By Products

As disinfection by-products, the taste and odor (T&O) compounds were produced by chlorination at the end of water treatment. The existence of T&O compounds causes the pipe water with unpleasant odor and reducing water quality. Based on the latest research achievements at home and abroad, the characteristics and formation mechanisms of typical T&O compounds produced by chlorination are introduced. The new analytical method of electronic nose is also expounded. In addition, the common control technologies, such as pre-oxidation, activated carbon adsorption and bio-membrane, are reviewed. Since the precursors of T&O compounds shows small molecular, stable structure and low concentration, some coupling technologies including ozone-GAC, permanganate-PAC, and bio-membrane and GAC treatments, are employed effectively.Key words: chlorination; odor and taste compounds; disinfection by-products; precursor; electronic nose

scholarly journals Applications of Electronic-Nose Technologies for Noninvasive Early Detection of Plant, Animal and Human Diseases

Chemosensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alphus Dan Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Sensor Arrays ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Disease Detection ◽  
New Information ◽  
Disease Diagnostics ◽  
Diagnostic Applications

The development of electronic-nose (e-nose) technologies for disease diagnostics was initiated in the biomedical field for detection of biotic (microbial) causes of human diseases during the mid-1980s. The use of e-nose devices for disease-diagnostic applications subsequently was extended to plant and animal hosts through the invention of new gas-sensing instrument types and disease-detection methods with sensor arrays developed and adapted for additional host types and chemical classes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) closely associated with individual diseases. Considerable progress in animal disease detection using e-noses in combination with metabolomics has been accomplished in the field of veterinary medicine with new important discoveries of biomarker metabolites and aroma profiles for major infectious diseases of livestock, wildlife, and fish from both terrestrial and aquaculture pathology research. Progress in the discovery of new e-nose technologies developed for biomedical applications has exploded with new information and methods for diagnostic sampling and disease detection, identification of key chemical disease biomarkers, improvements in sensor designs, algorithms for discriminant analysis, and greater, more widespread testing of efficacy in clinical trials. This review summarizes progressive advancements in utilizing these specialized gas-sensing devices for numerous diagnostic applications involving noninvasive early detections of plant, animal, and human diseases.

Formation of By-products in Pure and Aqueous Acrylic Acid - Kinetic Measurements and Formation Mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-759
Author(s):  
Christian A. Pfeifer ◽  
Cordula Scholz ◽  
Kevin Vogel ◽  
Alfons Drochner ◽  
Herbert Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Kinetic Measurements ◽  
By Products

Research Progress of Air Purifier Principles and Material Technologies

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 1025-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Han Wang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Chang Zhong Zhao ◽  
Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Material Technology ◽  
Dust Collection ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Air Purifier

This article mainly refers to purification technology and material technology of air purifiers. There are several purification technologies in air purifiers such as HEPA(high efficiency particulate air filter), Mineralization technology of ultra light structure, Negative ion technology, the photocatalyst technology, electrostatic dust collection, Activated carbon adsorption technology and etc. And material technologies are classified as Photocatalyst, Activated carbon, Synthetic fiber, HEPA, Negative ion generator and etc. The paper reviews the characteristics, purification theory, research status and applications of every kind of purification technologies and material technologies. On this basis, we put forward outlook on the future development of air purifier.

Evaluation of unpleasant odor with a portable electronic nose

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 949-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fuchs ◽  
P. Strobel ◽  
M. Siadat ◽  
M. Lumbreras
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Unpleasant Odor

scholarly journals Research Progress of HP Characteristics, Hazards, Control Technologies, and Measures in China after 2013

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
Tao Wei ◽  
Lianze Wang
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
The North ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Control Technologies

In recent years, hazy weather (hazy weather (HW) has frequently invaded peoples’ lives in China, resulting in the disturbance of social operation, so it is urgent to resolve the haze pollution (HP) problem. A comprehensive understanding of HP is essential to further effectively alleviate or even eliminate it. In this study, HP characteristics in China, after 2013, were presented. It was found that the situation of HP is getting better year by year while it has been a pattern of high levels in the north and low levels in the south. In most regions of China, the contribution of a secondary source for HP is relatively large, and that of traffic is greater in the regions with rapid economic development. Hazards of HP were then summarized. Not only does HP cause harm to human health, but it also has effects on human production and quality of life, furthermore, property and atmospheric environment cannot be ignored. Next, the source and non-source control technologies of HP were first reviewed to recognize the weakness of HP control in China. This review provides more systematic information about HP problems and the future development directions of HP research were proposed to further effectively control HP in China.

Research progress on the precursors and formation mechanisms of typical N-DBPs in drinking water

2018 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyin Sun ◽  
Jie Yuan ◽  
Zhuowei Zhang ◽  
Huining Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Formation Mechanisms

scholarly journals Formation of NDMA by Chloramination of Nitrogenous Pharmaceuticals

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Le Roux ◽  
H. Gallard ◽  
J.P. Croué
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Tertiary Amines ◽  
Human Carcinogen ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Water Chlorination ◽  
By Products ◽  
New Formation

Many disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed during water chlorination, including trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). Disinfection with chloramines is often used to reduce the production of regulated DBPs. However, chloramination can lead to the formation of N–nitrosamines, including N–nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a probable human carcinogen. The formation mechanisms of NDMA are not fully understood. Proposed mechanisms used dimethylamine (DMA) as a model precursor, but results show that certain widely used tertiary dimethylamines (e.g. the pharmaceutical ranitidine) show much higher conversion rates to NDMA than DMA. These amounts of NDMA cannot be explained by current proposed mechanisms. New formation mechanisms have to be proposed to explain the importance of structural characteristics of tertiary amines for NDMA formation.

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