Study on Calcination Process of Serpentine Mixed with Ammonium Sulfate

2013 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 296-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Song ◽  
Yu Ran Zhang ◽  
Yong Hao Di ◽  
Rui Dai ◽  
Shui Lin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Leaching Residue ◽  
Calcination Duration

The research involves the calcination of QingHaiQiLian serpentine with ammonium sulfate in order to extract magnesium, and evaluates calcination results through the mass of water leaching residue that comes from the calcination, dissolution and filtration process. Optimal calcination parameters of serpentine and ammonium sulfate determined by orthogonal experiments, single-factor experiments, elemental analysis and SEM analysis are: calcination duration of 1h, calcination temperature of 700°C, ammonium sulfate dosage of 90g (or mass ratio of ammonium sulfate to serpentine sample (m1/m2) of 3:2), under which condition a magnesium extraction rate of 62.75% can be achieved.

Investigations on a Novel Process to Recycle Valuable Metals from Spent Al2O3-Based Catalyst

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 3222-3226
Author(s):  
Yan Hai Shao ◽  
Ming Ming Li ◽  
Xiong Tong
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Aluminate ◽  
Leach Liquor ◽  
Spent Catalyst ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Aluminate Solution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sodium Aluminate Solution ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Leaching Residue

Based on X-ray phase analysis and exploratory experiments, a novel process was proposed to recycle multiple valuable metals like Al, V, Mo, Ni and Co from spent Al2O3-based catalyst. The spent catalyst was roasted by adding sodium carbonate with certain mol ratio, after water leaching, Al, V and Mo could be extracted into leach liquor, whereas Ni and Co were enriched in the leaching residue. V and Mo were precipitated in step from leach liquor by adding CaO and BaAl2O4, respectively. After removal of V and Mo, Al(OH)3 was prepared from sodium aluminate solution with carbonation decomposition process, and the purity of Al2O3 is 99.98%. With sodium bicarbonate leaching-purification-precipitation-calcination process, V2O5 could be prepared from V-bearing residue. Ni and Co were leached from water leaching residue with sulfuric acid. Recoveries of Al, V, Mo, Ni and Co from spent catalyst are 87.0%, 88.7%, 92.1%, 97.8% and 98.6%, respectively.

Research on Conditions of Producing Cellulose by Mixed Fermentation for Bioethanol

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 3986-3991
Author(s):  
Xiang Ping Su ◽  
Da Chun Gong ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Guo Hua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Cultivation Condition ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Mixed Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments

The conditions for cellulase production were studied with the mixed germs of Aspergillus niger (A.niger) and Trichoderma viride (R.viride) using straw stalk powder as carbon recourse by solid-state fermentation (SSF). The conditions of the mixed strains SSF were optimized by single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments in four aspects: the inoculation ratio, the bran-straw mass ratio, fermentation time and the filled volume. The optimal SSF conditions of the mixed strains were as follows: inoculation ratio of R.viride to A.niger was 1, the bran-straw mass ratio was 0.3, the time of fermentation was four days and the filled volume is 100 mL /1000 mL. The enzyme activity of FPA, CMC and β-glucosidase are 5.29 IU/mL, 9.33 IU/mL and 49.91 IU/mL in the optimal cultivation condition, which were 2.28~2.47 times, 2.39~2.45 times, 1.38~2.09 times as high as single-germ fermentation, respectively. The enzyme activity of cellulose from the mixed fermentation was higher than that from the fermentation of single bacteria.

Experimental study on the repeatability of positioning of linear axes of machine tools

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-751
Author(s):  
Guangming Sun ◽  
Gaiyun He ◽  
Dawei Zhang ◽  
Bohui Ding
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Computer Numerical Control ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Assembly Method ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Control Machine

This study presents experimental investigations on the mechanisms of the repeatability of positioning of linear axes of computer numerical control machine tools. First, the factors affecting the repeatability of positioning of linear axes are obtained based on orthogonal experiments. Second, the mechanism of each factor affecting the repeatability of positioning is studied based on single-factor experiments. Finally, an assembly method to improve the repeatability of positioning of linear axes is proposed. The method can provide designers and workers with informative guidelines for improving the repeatability of positioning in design and assembly processes.

Reflux Extraction of Aloetic Anthraquinone

2012 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 522-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Peng He ◽  
Zan Min Wu ◽  
Yu Yang Han
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Current Energy ◽  
Application Prospects

Using ethanol as solvent, reflux extraction of aloetic anthraquinone compounds was studied. The single-factor orthogonal experiments were conducted to optimize extraction process and the extractive was identified using infrared spectroscopy. The results suggested the best extraction conditions: ethanol concentration 70%, extraction temperature 333.15K, extraction time 25 min, bath ratio 1:1.5. This simple and effective extracting method is in accord with current energy-saving, environmental protecting trends, and its product has wide application prospects for preparation of health-care textiles.

Extraction of iron and aluminum from high-iron bauxite by ammonium sulfate roasting and water leaching

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 578-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ding Tian ◽  
Xiao-yi Shen ◽  
Yu-chun Zhai ◽  
Penny Xiao ◽  
Paul Webley
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
High Iron

Study on the Crystallization and Morphology of HDPE-g-GMA Modified PA66/UHMWPE Blends

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
Zi Nian Zhao ◽  
Wen Hua Zhang ◽  
Gang Qiang Lei
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Polyamide 66 ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight ◽  
Comprehensive Property

By means of melt compounding method, the Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) grafted HDPE modified Polyamide 66 (PA66) with ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) blends were prepared via the co-rotating twin screw extruder．The effects of different UHMWPE/HDPE contents on properties of PA66/UHMWPE blends were investigated．Meanwhile, the mechanical properties such as tensile and impact strength etc. were investigated. By using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), the crystalline and morphology of PA66/UHMWPE blends were analyzed. The results show that UHMWPE toughened PA66 samples exhibit significantly enhanced impact strength and elongation at break comparison with natural PA66. The samples of PA66 with 30% of UHMWPE/HDPE (mass ratio 3/7) blends show impact strength about 2 times and elongation at yield 7 times more than those of natural PA66．The behavior of HDPE-g-GMA shows an effective compatibilizer for PA66/UHMWPE blends, when the mass ratio of PA66/(UHMWPE/HDPE) at 70:30, the blend indicates the best comprehensive property. The investigation on crystallization and morphology of PA66 and their blends show that the behaviors of melting about the two components are independent either PA66 or UHMWPE/HDPE. There are independent melting behaviors, meanwhile, interacted each other between PA66 and UHMWPE. Due to the good compatibility which HDPE-g-GMA contributed, the homogenous PA66/UHMWPE blends could be achieved. The photographs of SEM analysis indicate that the interface action of PA66 and polyethylene is enhanced by compatibilizer HDPE-g-GMA.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, and Flocculation Properties of Branched Cationic Polyacrylamide

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimin Sun ◽  
Guangcheng Zhang ◽  
Ling Pan ◽  
Helin Li ◽  
Aihua Shi
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Self ◽  
Solution Polymerization ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Initiator Concentration ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Cationic Polyacrylamide

A water soluble branched cationic polyacrylamide (BCPAM) was synthesized using solution polymerization. The polymerization was initiated using potassium diperiodatocuprate, K5[Cu(HIO6)2](Cu(III)), initiating the self-condensing vinyl copolymerization of acrylamide and acryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC) monomer. The resulting copolymer was characterized by the use of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Its flocculation properties were evaluated with standard jar tests of sewage. The effects of initiator concentration, monomer concentration, reaction temperature, and the mass ratio of monomers on intrinsic viscosity and flocculation properties of the product were determined using single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiment.

Dyeing of Pearl Fiber by Walnut Peel Dye

2012 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Ping Dong ◽  
Jie Dong ◽  
Jian Ming Xia
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Evaluation Index ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
Ammonium Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Liquor Ratio ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Dyeing Method ◽  
Pearl Fiber ◽  
Peel Extract

This paper studied the metachrome process of an optimal dyeing method by comparing the color and fastness of walnut peel extract applied on the pearl fiber with ammonium ferrous sulfate as mordent. In addition, the paper also ascertained the reasonable dyeing process, that is, pH 9, walnut peel extract (the dye) dosage 200 ml/L, mordant (ammonium ferrous sulfate) 2.5 g/L, temperature 80 °C, time 60 min and liquor ratio 1:30, through analysis on single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments by taking K/S as an evaluation index for the dyeing effect. The results showed that a better effect is achievable by dyeing the pearl fiber with walnut peel dye through the metachrome process.

scholarly journals Predicting the relative humidities of liquid-liquid phase separation, efflorescence, and deliquescence of mixed particles of ammonium sulfate, organic material, and water using the organic-to-sulfate mass ratio of the particle and the oxygen-to-carbon elemental ratio of the organic component

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 17759-17788 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Bertram ◽  
S. T. Martin ◽  
S. J. Hanna ◽  
M. L. Smith ◽  
A. Bodsworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Liquid Phase Separation ◽  
Organic Component ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Elemental Ratio ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Liquid Liquid Phase Separation

Abstract. Individual particles that on a mass basis consist dominantly of the components ammonium sulfate, organic material, and water are a common class of submicron particles found in today's atmosphere. Here we use (1) the organic-to-sulfate (org:sulf) mass ratio of the overall particle and (2) the oxygen-to-carbon (O:C) elemental ratio of the organic component as input variables in parameterisations that predict the critical relative humidity of several different types of particle phase transitions. These transitions include liquid-liquid phase separation (SRH), efflorescence (ERH), and deliquescence (DRH). Experiments were conducted by optical microscopy for 11 different oxygenated organic-ammonium sulfate systems covering the range 0.1 < org:sulf <12.8 and 0.29 < O:C < 1.33. These new data, in conjunction with other data already available in the literature, were used to develop the parameterisations SRH(org:sulf, O:C), ERH(org:sulf, O:C), and DRH(org:sulf, O:C). The parameterisations correctly predicted SRH within 15 % RH for 86 % of the measurements, ERH within 5 % for 86 % of the measurements, and DRH within 5 % for 95 % of the measurements. The applicability of the derived parameterisations beyond the training data set was tested against observations for organic-sulfate particles produced in an environmental chamber. The organic component consisted of secondary organic material produced by the oxidation of isoprene, α-pinene, and β-caryophyllene. The predictions of the parameterisations were also tested against data from the Southern Great Plains, Oklahoma, USA. The observed ERH and DRH values for both the chamber and field data agreed within 5 % RH with the value predicted by the parameterisations using the measured org:sulf and O:C ratios as the input variables.

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