Study of Magnetic Fields of Magnetron Sputtering Affecting CrN Films

2013 ◽  
Vol 401-403 ◽  
pp. 822-827
Author(s):  
Ming Der Jean ◽  
Maw Tyan Sheen ◽  
Ching Fu Wu ◽  
Feng Ming Chen ◽  
San Jen Lee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
Critical Force ◽  
Magnetic Sputtering ◽  
Magnetic Field Variations ◽  
Hardness Values ◽  
The Magnetic Field

This article presents the distribution of the varying magnetic field and its effect by magnetron sputtering on mechanical properties of CrN films. The magnetic field variations in the sputtering processes were explored, and the strength of magnetic field in the unbalanced magnetic sputtering systems is controlled. In addition, the microstructure, composition and surface properties of CrN films prepared by magnetron sputtering were investigated. At a GDMT of 27mm, the highest wear rate value and hardness values seems to be appeared, while the higher critical force value appears to occur at 49mm GDMT during 18 tests. The experimental results have showed that in the enhancement in overall intensity at the gap distance of 27mm between magnet set and the target surface (GDMT), magnetic field strength varied having a significant influence on the CrN structures was readily noticeable, while the wear scar curve at 49mm GDMT possessed better tribological properties than those of the others. Thus, magnetic field variations play a crucial role in determining the properties of the films

The Effects of Magnetic Field on the Deposited Performance of CrN Films by Magnetron Sputtering

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 1340-1347
Author(s):  
Ming Der Jean ◽  
Ming Tsong Chou
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Magnetic Field Strength ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
Field Distributions ◽  
Magnetic Sputtering ◽  
The Magnetic Field

This paper reports the effects of varying magnetic field strength on CrN films, deposited by a magnetic sputtering process. The strength of magnetic field in unbalanced magnetic sputtering processes is controlled by adjusting the gap distance between the magnet set and the target surface (GDMT). An improvement in overall intensity, at low GDMT, was observed by adjustable magnetic field distributions. In the chamber, it was readily noticeable that varying the magnetic field strength has an influence on the CrN structures. In experiments, at low GDMT, a high hardness value and lower wear rate become visible in the CrN films. In addition, the CrN films formed have a smooth surface with a dense tiny structure and display preferential orientation in the Cr2N(111) and Cr2N(002) planes, whereas CrN films prepared at higher GDMT exhibit more roughness and the CrN (200) plane is evident. Furthermore, the Cr2N (111) (002) plane possessed better tribological properties than that of the CrN(200) plane, where the wear scars show little failures on the coating surface.

A two-dimensional analysis of the compressible flow near a reconnection site at the dayside magnetopause

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
LARS G. WESTERBERG ◽  
HANS O. ÅKERSTEDT
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Transition Layer ◽  
Alfven Wave ◽  
The North ◽  
Dayside Magnetopause ◽  
Reconnection Site ◽  
Ideal Magnetohydrodynamic ◽  
North And South ◽  
Magnetic Field Variations ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract.A compressible model of the magnetosheath plasma flow is considered. Magnetic reconnection is assumed to occur in a region stretching from the sub-Solar point to the north. Two locations of the reconnection site are treated: two and four Earth radii from the sub-Solar point, respectively. By treating the transition layer as very thin, we solve the governing equations approximately using the method of matched asymptotic expansions. The behavior of the magnetic field and the plasma velocity close to a reconnection site during the transition from the magnetosheath to the magnetosphere is investigated. We also obtain the development of the transition layer thickness north and south of the reconnection point. The magnetopause transition layer is represented by a large-amplitude Alfvén wave implying that the density is approximately the same across the magnetopause boundary. In order to match the solutions we consider a compressible ideal magnetohydrodynamic model describing density, velocity and magnetic field variations along the outer magnetopause boundary. We also compare the analytical results with solutions from a numerical simulation. The compressible effects on the structure of the magnetic field and the total velocity evolution are visible but not dramatic. It is shown that the transition layer north of the reconnection point is thinner than to the south. The effect is stronger for reconnection at higher latitudes.

scholarly journals Tribological Evolution of the Superficial Layer and the Effects of the Magnetic Field to a Non- conventional Treated Steel, During Wear Tests

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-446
Author(s):  
Carmen Penelopi Papadatu ◽  
Andrei Victor Sandu ◽  
Marian Bordei ◽  
Ioan Gabriel Sandu ◽  
Sorin Ciortan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dry Friction ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Alloyed Steel ◽  
Wear Process ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Wear Tests ◽  
Made In

The article focuses on the behavior of the non-conventional treated alloyed steel in magnetic field, during the dry wear tests. It is a review of the experimental tests from last years. The thermo-magnetic treatments have been applied before the application of a thermo-chemical treatment in plasma based on diffusion process. The study was made in order to improve the mechanical properties of the alloyed steel during the friction wear. Thermo-magnetic treatment applied before the plasma nitro-carburizing treatment improves the mechanical properties of the material especially in this case, for a steel that has a considerable content of Chromium (1.02%). The behavior was studied using X-Ray diffractometry of the superficial layers during the dry friction of wear process. The wear tests used an Amsler machine, during three hours of wear tests. After each hour of the wear tests the samples have been analyzed. The diffractometric characteristics of the superficial layers obtained after a complex array of thermo-magnetic and thermo-chemical in plasma treatments, the phases distribution, the content of the superficial layers and the behavior of the steel during the wear through dry friction tests, have been considered as criteria.

Design of a Dynamic Magnetic Field Steered Cathodic Arc Source in Arc Ion Plating

2011 ◽  
Vol 340 ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Chang Lang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Cathode Surface ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
Target Thickness ◽  
Current Ratio ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Electromagnetic Coils ◽  
Cathodic Arc ◽  
Dynamic Magnetic Field ◽  
The Magnetic Field

In this work, a dynamic arched magnetic field steered arc source was deigned by virtue of Finite Element Method (FEM) calculation. The magnetic field was produced by two main electromagnetic coils so that the magnetic field can be adjusted with the help of the two currentI1and I2,whereI1is the current to the internal coil mounted coaxially in a magnetic yoke generating a static arched magnetic field to confine the cathode spots and I2is the current to the external coil mounted coaxially outside the above yoke adjusting the position of the vertex of arch. Base on the results of simulation, it was found this design enable the sweeping of the arc spots on the target surface by means of adjusting the ratio of current (I1/I2) , and cause the arc distribute evenly on the cathode surface in the diffuse arc mode transferred from the constricted arc mode. The effects of the target thickness and current ratio on the configuration and intensity of dynamic arched magnetic field were investigated. The optimized operating modes was proposed and discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of Static Magnetic Field on Compression Properties of Mg-Al-Gd Alloys Containing Gd-Rich Ferromagnetic Phase

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4957
Author(s):  
Qi Cai ◽  
Xinyao Li ◽  
Shukui Li ◽  
Chuan He ◽  
Xingwei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Magnetic Treatment ◽  
Ferromagnetic Phase ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Phase Constituent ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Compression Properties ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The Mg–0.6Al–20.8Gd (wt.%) alloys were homogenized at 620 °C for 20 min under 0 T and 1 T, followed by furnace cooling, quenching, and air cooling, respectively. The effects of the magnetic field on the phase constituent, microstructure, secondary phase precipitation, and mechanical properties of the Mg–Al–Gd alloys were investigated. The Mg–Al–Gd alloys contained α-Mg, Mg5Gd, Al2Gd, and GdH2 phases, and the phase constituents were hardly influenced by the applied magnetic field. However, the precipitation of the paramagnetic Mg5Gd upon cooling was accelerated by the magnetic field, and that of the ferromagnetic Al2Gd phases was inhibited. In addition, the Al2Gd phase was significantly refined and driven to segregate at the grain boundaries by the magnetic field, and the resultant pinning effect led to the microstructure change from dendritic α-Mg grains to rosette-like ones. When the magnetic field was only applied to the homogenization stage, the content of the Mg5Gd phase remained unchanged in the quenched alloy, whereas the Mg5Gd laths were significantly refined. By contrast, the contents of the Al2Gd and GdH2 phases were increased, while the precipitation sites were still within the α-Mg grains. The Mg5Gd laths were incapable of providing precipitation strengthening, while the Al2Gd and GdH2 particles brought positive effects on the enhancement of the mechanical properties. In the quenching condition, the hardness, compression strength, and ductility can be improved by the magnetic treatment, whereas these mechanical properties can be suppressed in the furnace cooled condition by the magnetic treatment.

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