Study on the Fuel-Saving Efficiency of Electric Vehicles under Empirical Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 494-495 ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Heng Jia Zhang ◽  
Bo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fuel Saving ◽  
Travel Mode ◽  
Saving Effect ◽  
Daily Travel

This study constitutes an empirical fleet with electric vehicles (EV) and conventional vehicles (CV) which used by a large number of test participants who have different travel mileage to research the fuel-saving efficiency of EVs under daily travel mode within six months. Experimental results show that there is a great difference in energy consumption when EV running under different average temperatures and seasons. During summer (high temperature) and winter (low temperature) the energy consumption is bigger and the average electric consumption of 100-kilometer is 12.3 kWh/100km. The fuel-saving efficiency of EV in Tianjin empirical test is 66.7% and which is 74.8% in ten typical cities in China. EV has better fuel-saving effect in the whole country. The fuel-saving efficiency in working-days and rest-days is 80.3% and 42.2% respectively. EV has the best fuel-saving effect in working-days.

Hopping Conduction in a-Si:H Studied by Transient Photoconductivity with Optical Bias Illumination

1991 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Chen ◽  
Upali Jayamaha ◽  
Chen-Yu Tai
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Localization Length ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Hopping Conduction ◽  
Transient Photocurrent ◽  
Transient Photoconductivity ◽  
Rate Of Decay ◽  
Charge Propagation

ABSTRACTCharge transport in a-Si:H films is studied by measuring the intensity and the rate of decay of the transient photocurrent with optical bias illumination. The optical bias enhancement of the transient photocurrent due to the probe beam decreases at first as the temperature is decreased, reaches a minimum at about 21OK, and then increases as the temperature is further decreased. This observation, together with the decay time measurements, indicates a change in the mechanism of charge propagation from conduction band transport at high temperature to hopping conduction in the low temperature. A theory of hopping conduction in tail states is developed to explain the experimental results. A quantitative comparison of the theoretical and experimental results is made to determine the localization length of the tail states.

Investigation of Automotive Power Semiconductor Module Operates at Elevated Cooling Temperature

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (HiTEN) ◽  
pp. 000154-000160
Author(s):  
Yangang Wang ◽  
Yibo Wu ◽  
Xiaoping Dai ◽  
Steve Jones ◽  
Guoyou Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Cooling Power ◽  
Electric System ◽  
Power Semiconductor ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Igbt Module

The degradation of performance and reliability of power semiconductor module with increment of temperature is an important issue to deal with in Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (HEV/EV) application. The high ambient and cooling temperatures are challenges to HEV/EV modules as the automotive industry is interested in cooling power electric system by sharing with engine's high temperature coolant. The elimination of low temperature cooling circuit has significant benefits to cost and volume/weight. However, the performance and reliability will be worsened to a large degree which may affect the feasibility of module application. In this work, an investigation is done to evaluate the electrical, thermal performance and reliability of a standard direct liquid cooled automotive IGBT module operates at 105°C coolant.

Temperature Effect of Refining Performance by Al-Ti-B (C) Master Alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 475-480
Author(s):  
Cong Juan Gao ◽  
Hai Min Ding ◽  
Xiang Fa Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Master Alloy ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Refining Effect ◽  
Master Alloys ◽  
Refining Performance ◽  
Tib2 Particles ◽  
Performance And Mechanism

Refining performance and mechanism of Al-5Ti-1B and Al-5Ti-0.4C master alloys at different temperature were investigated in this paper. The experimental results show that the refining effect of Al-5Ti-0.4C master alloy becomes worse as temperature increasing from 750°C to 1200°C, The refining effect of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy becomes worse as temperature increasing from 750°C to 1000°C. However, when the temperature is above 1000°C, the refining effect of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy recovers gradually as temperature increasing. TiB2 particles with TiAl3 layers are the heterogeneous nucleating cores of α-Al at low temperature. However, TiB2 particles are the heterogeneous nuclei of α-Al at high temperature.

Performance Evaluations of Extracting Water From Dry Air Using Multi-Stage Desiccant Wheels and Vapor Compression Cycle

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rang Tu ◽  
Lanbin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Solid Adsorbent ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Condense Water

Abstract A water extraction device that takes water from air in dry area is proposed. This device is designed to meet domestic water demand in remote rural areas, where the climate is dry and fresh water is scarce. The device can be driven effectively by low-temperature waste heat and has the characteristics of large daily water production, low energy consumption per unit of water and high water quality. Because the moisture content of air in dry area is very low, the effect of direct condensation is limited. Solid adsorbent is able to adsorb water vapor from air at a low temperature and release water vapor at under high temperature, which can be used for water extracting from air. To improve its performance under dry circumstances, the key technical point of this device is to use solid adsorbent to collect water vapor from other air to raise its dew point temperature, and then use high temperature cold source to condense water vapor from it. In this paper, configurations of the solid adsorption are proposed, which can be driven with low regeneration temperature under the same humidity increasing amount. This device uses multi-stage desiccant wheels to realize humid increasing. Desiccant wheel can be driven with high temperature to take water vapor from dehumidification air and release water vapor to regeneration air. The multi-stage configuration is good for the reduction of regeneration temperature, making applications of low temperature waste heat form heat pumps possible. Then, influencing factors of water extracting rate are analyzed. The influencing of regeneration temperature, humid reduction amount of the humidified air and cooling and heating systems, etc., are analyzed. Last, air handling processes considering cold and heat sources are recommended to reduce energy consumption. The heat pump driven scenarios are discussed in particular. Through optimization, the water extracting rate can be increased and energy consumption per unit of water can be reduced. At present, this paper only studies air water extracting processes and thermal processes, and does not involve structure of the device, water purification and power consumption of fans, etc.

scholarly journals Research on PHEV comprehensive fuel consumption based on fuel-electricity conversion

2021 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 01031
Author(s):  
Luowei Zhang ◽  
Zhicheng Ma ◽  
Zhihai Niu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Saving ◽  
Thermal Power Generation ◽  
Saving Effect

In order to show the fuel-saving effect of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) [1]more intuitively, three conversion methods of fuel and electricity were introduced considering different aspects, namely conversion method of simple calorific value, comprehensive calorific value and carbon dioxide emission. Firstly, the energy consumption of two mainstream PHEVs according to the current domestic (China) energy consumption test regulation were tested [2], then the tested values were converted by the three conversion methods to get the equivalent fuel consumption. What’s more, by the introduction of pure electricity Utilization Factor (UF) [3], the fuel consumption of PHEV at two stages (pure electric driving and pure fuel driving) were weighted to obtain the comprehensive fuel consumption. The effects of different conversion methods on fuel consumption were analyzed, and the results were compared horizontally with that of traditional fuel vehicles. The result shows that the comprehensive fuel consumption of PHEV converted by the method of carbon dioxide emission is the highest. Secondly, from the perspective of comprehensive calorific value, PHEV has obvious fuel-saving effect and a better development prospect comparing with traditional fuel vehicle. Last but not the least, PHEV has a significant fuel-saving advantage over traditional fuel vehicle in areas where the proportion of thermal power generation is relatively low, and with the continuous decrease of the overall proportion of thermal power generation, the fuel-saving effect of PHEV will become more and more obvious.

Exsolution and inversion in pigeonite from the Whin Sill, Northern England

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 474-475
Author(s):  
P.P.K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Homogeneous Nucleation ◽  
Silicate Mineral ◽  
Antiphase Boundaries ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Primitive Form ◽  
The Core ◽  
Nucleation Mechanisms ◽  
And Inversion

Grains of pigeonite, a calcium-poor silicate mineral of the pyroxene group, from the Whin Sill dolerite have been ion-thinned and examined by TEM. The pigeonite is strongly zoned chemically from the composition Wo8En64FS28 in the core to Wo13En34FS53 at the rim. Two phase transformations have occurred during the cooling of this pigeonite:- exsolution of augite, a more calcic pyroxene, and inversion of the pigeonite from the high- temperature C face-centred form to the low-temperature primitive form, with the formation of antiphase boundaries (APB's). Different sequences of these exsolution and inversion reactions, together with different nucleation mechanisms of the augite, have created three distinct microstructures depending on the position in the grain.In the core of the grains small platelets of augite about 0.02μm thick have farmed parallel to the (001) plane (Fig. 1). These are thought to have exsolved by homogeneous nucleation. Subsequently the inversion of the pigeonite has led to the creation of APB's.

Superconducting Wind Generators with Capacities of 10 MW and Larger

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Victor N. ANTIPOV ◽  
◽  
Andrey D. GROZOV ◽  
Anna V. IVANOVA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Superconducting Materials ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Synchronous Generators ◽  
High Temperature Superconducting ◽  
Wind Generators ◽  
Main Factor

The overall dimensions and mass of wind power units with capacities larger than 10 MW can be improved and their cost can be decreased by developing and constructing superconducting synchronous generators. The article analyzes foreign conceptual designs of superconducting synchronous generators based on different principles: with the use of high- and low-temperature superconductivity, fully superconducting or only with a superconducting excitation system, and with the use of different materials (MgB2, Bi2223, YBCO). A high cost of superconducting materials is the main factor impeding commercial application of superconducting generators. In view of the state of the art in the technology for manufacturing superconductors and their cost, a conclusion is drawn, according to which a synchronous gearless superconducting wind generator with a capacity of 10 MW with the field winding made of a high-temperature superconducting material (MgB2, Bi-2223 or YBCO) with the «ferromagnetic stator — ferromagnetic rotor» topology, with the stator diameter equal to 7—9 m, and with the number of poles equal to 32—40 has prospects for its practical use in the nearest future.

SOMERS LTA COPPER

Alloy Digest ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Copper Foil ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Dielectric Substrates ◽  
Printed Circuits

Abstract SOMERS LTA Copper is a wrought copper foil that can be annealed at 350 F in 15 minutes to the full-soft condition; its use simplifies the manufacture of printed circuits (LTA = Low-Temperature Annealable). LTA Copper is especially useful for foil weights up to and including one ounce per square foot (0.0014-inch thick) for laminating to high-temperature dielectric substrates. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity as well as fatigue. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: Cu-407. Producer or source: Olin Corporation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document