Research of Equalization Technology Based on Matlab

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 3786-3789
Author(s):  
Wen Bin Wang ◽  
Dao Yuan Liu ◽  
Yu Qin Yao
Keyword(s):  
Communication System ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Lms Algorithm ◽  
Adaptive Equalization ◽  
Adaptive Equalizer ◽  
Channel Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Digital Communication System ◽  
Over Time

In the modern digital communication system, inter-symbol interference (ISI) caused by the imperfectness of the channel is a major factor that degrades the performance of communication. In order to decrease the influence of ISI and improve communication quality, people usually use equalization technology. Generally, channel response is changing over time, so the adaptive equalizer is necessary. This paper firstly introduced the theoretical foundation and realization method of the adaptive equalization system. Then discuss the LMS algorithm. Finally, the SIMULINK tool is used to build a communication system. The set of simulation results by observing the eye diagrams of the signals before and after equalization have validated the equalization effect.

scholarly journals Adaptive equalizer with zero-noise constrained LMS algorithm

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Bozo Krstajic ◽  
Zdravko Uskokovic ◽  
Ljubisa Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Lms Algorithm ◽  
Variable Step Size ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Adaptive Equalizer ◽  
Variable Step ◽  
Simulation Results

This paper introduces a type of zero-noise constrained LMS (ZN-CLMS) algorithm in an adaptive equalizer. It is a particular case of mismatched noise constrained LMS (NCLMS) algorithm. It is also a variant of variable step-size LMS algorithm, where the step-size rule arises naturally from the constraints. We will show here that the adaptive equalizer based on the ZN-CLMS algorithm has favorable performance. Computer simulation results are provided to support the proposed implementation of the ZNCLMS.

scholarly journals A Novel Dual Mode Decision Directed Multimodulus Algorithm (DM-DD-MMA) for Blind Adaptive Equalization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagi Tadmor ◽  
Sapir Carmi ◽  
Monika Pinchas
Keyword(s):  
Power Input ◽  
Adaptive Equalization ◽  
Size Parameter ◽  
Constant Modulus Algorithm ◽  
Dual Mode ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Adaptive Equalizer ◽  
Blind Adaptive ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Blind Adaptive Equalization

In this paper, we propose for the 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) input case, a dual-mode (DM), decision directed (DD) multimodulus algorithm (MMA) algorithm for blind adaptive equalization which we name as DM-DD-MMA. In this new proposed algorithm, the MMA method is switched to the DD algorithm, based on a previously obtained expression for the step-size parameter valid at the convergence state of the blind adaptive equalizer, that depends on the channel power, input signal statistics and on the properties of the chosen algorithm. Simulation results show that improved equalization performance is obtained for the 16 QAM input case compared with the DM-CMA (where CMA is the constant modulus algorithm), DM-MCMA (where MCMA is the modified CMA) and MCMA-MDDMA (where MDDMA is the modified decision directed modulus algorithm).

Weekly Exercise Consistently Reinstates Positive Mood

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Steinberg ◽  
Briony R. Nicholls ◽  
Elizabeth A. Sykes ◽  
N. LeBoutillier ◽  
Nerina Ramlakhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Class ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
Over Time

Mood improvement immediately after a single bout of exercise is well documented, but less is known about successive and longer term effects. In a “real-life” field investigation, four kinds of exercise class (Beginners, Advanced, Body Funk and Callanetics) met once a week for up to 7 weeks. Before and after each class the members assessed how they felt by completing a questionnaire listing equal numbers of “positive” and “negative” mood words. Subjects who had attended at least five times were included in the analysis, which led to groups consisting of 18, 20, 16, and 16 subjects, respectively. All four kinds of exercise significantly increased positive and decreased negative feelings, and this result was surprisingly consistent in successive weeks. However, exercise seemed to have a much greater effect on positive than on negative moods. The favorable moods induced by each class seemed to have worn off by the following week, to be reinstated by the class itself. In the Callanetics class, positive mood also improved significantly over time. The Callanetics class involved “slower,” more demanding exercises, not always done to music. The Callanetics and Advanced classes also showed significantly greater preexercise negative moods in the first three sessions. However, these differences disappeared following exercise. Possibly, these two groups had become more “tolerant” to the mood-enhancing effects of physical exercise; this may be in part have been due to “exercise addiction.”

MULTI FREQUENCY SYNTHEZIER OF BISPECTRAL TRIPLET- SIGNAL DESIGNED FOR DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Naumenko ◽  
A. V. Totsky ◽  
S. K. Pidchenko ◽  
J. T. Astola ◽  
O. A. Polotska
Keyword(s):  
Communication System ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
Triplet Signal ◽  
Digital Communication System

SIMULATION OF DIRECT SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATION SYSTEM ON THE HARDWARE MODULE EMONA DATEX. EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF NOISE ON THE QUALITY OF DEMODULATION

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksim Zhmakin ◽  
Irina Chadyuk ◽  
Aleksey Nadymov
Keyword(s):  
Spread Spectrum ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Spread Spectrum Communication ◽  
Direct Spread ◽  
Simulation Results

A variant of implementation of a communication system with direct spread spectrum is presented in this article, simulation results are also presented, the main parameters of the system are taken, and conclusions are drawn.

Fault Tree Analysis for a Modern Communication System

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Hamid ◽  
Nadim Chahine
Keyword(s):  
Communication System ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Fault Tree ◽  
Fault Tree Analysis ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Tree Analysis ◽  
Satisfactory Performance ◽  
System Components ◽  
Link Budget ◽  
Simulation Results

Wireless communications became one of the most widespread means for transferring information. Speed and reliability in transferring the piece of information are considered one of the most important requirements in communication systems in general. Moreover, Quality and reliability in any system are considered the most important criterion of the efficiency of this system in doing the task it is designed to do and its ability for satisfactory performance for a certain period of time, Therefore, we need fault tree analysis in these systems in order to determine how to detect an error or defect when happening in communication system and what are the possibilities that make this error happens. This research deals with studying TETRA system components, studying the physical layer in theory and practice, as well as studying fault tree analysis in this system, and later benefit from this study in proposing improvements to the structure of the system, which led to improve gain in Link Budget. A simulation and test have been done using MATLAB, where simulation results have shown that the built fault tree is able to detect the system’s work by 82.4%.

UK Fiscal Squeezes over a Century

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Hood ◽  
Rozana Himaz
Keyword(s):  
Data Sources ◽  
Fiscal Consolidation ◽  
Financial Outcomes ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Deficit Reduction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Spending Cuts ◽  
Over Time

This chapter draws on historical statistics reporting financial outcomes for spending, taxation, debt, and deficit for the UK over a century to (a) identify quantitatively and compare the main fiscal squeeze episodes (i.e. major revenue increases, spending cuts, or both) in terms of type (soft squeezes and hard squeezes, spending squeezes, and revenue squeezes), depth, and length; (b) compare these periods of austerity against measures of fiscal consolidation in terms of deficit reduction; and (c) identify economic and financial conditions before and after the various squeezes. It explores the extent to which the identification of squeeze episodes and their classification is sensitive to which thresholds are set and what data sources are used. The chapter identifies major changes over time that emerge from this analysis over the changing depth and types of squeeze.

Fem Simulation of Micro-Rotating-Structures and Their Applications in Measurement of Residual Stresses in Thin Films

1997 ◽  
Vol 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Tong-Yi Zhang ◽  
Yitshak Zohar
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Sensitivity Factor ◽  
Local Measurement ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Polysilicon Films ◽  
Simulation Results

ABSTRACTFEM simulation of micro-rotating-structures was performed for local measurement of residual stresses in thin films. A sensitivity factor is introduced, studied and tabulated from the simulation results. The residual stress can be evaluated from the rotating deflection, the lengths of rotating and fixed beams, and the sensitivity factor. The micro-structure technique was applied to measure residual stresses in both silicon nitride and polysilicon thin films, before and after rapid thermal annealing (RTA), and further confirmed by wafer curvature method. Residual stresses in polysilicon films at different RTA stages were also characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS). The experimental results indicate that micro-rotating-structures indeed have the ability to measure spatially and locally residual stresses in MEMS thin films with appropriate sensitivities.

scholarly journals Land Policy and Food Prices: Evidence from a Land Consolidation Program in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Aimable Nsabimana ◽  
Fidele Niyitanga ◽  
Dave D. Weatherspoon ◽  
Anwar Naseem
Keyword(s):  
Food Prices ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Land Consolidation ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
White Potato ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Price Differences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Rwanda’s “Crop Intensification Program (CIP)” is primarily a land consolidation program aimed at improving agricultural productivity and food security. The program, which began in 2007, focuses on monocropping and commercialization of six priority crops: maize, wheat, rice, white potato, beans, and cassava. CIP has facilitated easy access to improved seed stocks, fertilizer, extension services, and postharvest handling and storage services. Although studies have documented the impact of CIP on changes in farm yield, incomes, and productivity, less is known about its impact on food prices. In this study, we examine the crop-food price differences in intensive monocropped CIP and non-intensive monocropped CIP zones in Rwanda. Specifically, the study evaluates price variations of beans and maize along with complementary food crops in intensive and non-intensive monocropped zones before and after the introduction of the CIP policy. We find that the CIP policy is not associated with differences in CIP crop prices between the intensive and non-intensive monocropped zones. Over time, prices increased for CIP crops but generally, the crop prices in the two zones were cointegrated. Prices for non-CIP crops in the two different zones did show price differentials prior to the implementation of CIP, with the prices in intensive monocropped zones being greater than in the non-intensive monocropped zones. Moreover, the prices in intensive areas are cointegrated with prices in non-intensive areas for maize and beans and these prices are converging. This indicates that farmers who intensively produced one CIP crop were able to go to the market and purchase other food crops and that price differences between zones have decreased over time, potentially making the CIP intensive farmers better off.

scholarly journals Signal Classification Algorithms over Time Selective Channels

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 1714
Author(s):  
Mohamed Marey ◽  
Hala Mostafa
Keyword(s):  
Block Code ◽  
Classification Problem ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Signal Classification ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Time Block ◽  
Channel Response ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Parallel Fashion

In this work, we propose a general framework to design a signal classification algorithm over time selective channels for wireless communications applications. We derive an upper bound on the maximum number of observation samples over which the channel response is an essential invariant. The proposed framework relies on dividing the received signal into blocks, and each of them has a length less than the mentioned bound. Then, these blocks are fed into a number of classifiers in a parallel fashion. A final decision is made through a well-designed combiner and detector. As a case study, we employ the proposed framework on a space-time block-code classification problem by developing two combiners and detectors. Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed framework is capable of achieving excellent classification performance over time selective channels compared to the conventional algorithms.

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