Research on the Relationship between the Development of our Country Service Industries and Tax Based on the Co-Integration Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 543-547 ◽  
pp. 4335-4338
Author(s):  
Zai Tang Wang ◽  
Na Wang
Keyword(s):  
Granger Causality ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Granger Causality Tests ◽  
The Relationship

In our country tax system, the most category of taxes have relationship with service, involving almost every part of the service industry. With the development of service industry, the tax revenues will increase. This paper uses co-integration test and Granger causality tests to analysis the relationship between the development level of the service industry and tax revenue.In order to use tax policy to promote the transformation and upgrading of service industry.

scholarly journals The relationship between the relative GDP share of agriculture and the unemployment rate in selected Central and Eastern European countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 308-317
Author(s):  
Bein Murad A ◽  
 Ciftcioglu Serhan
Keyword(s):  
Granger Causality ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Dynamic Panel Regression ◽  
Granger Causality Tests ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Relationship

The study empirically investigates the relationship between the relative GDP share of agriculture and the unemployment rate in a sample of ten Central and Eastern European countries. Utilising the annual data for the sample period 1996–2013, the empirical analysis is carried out using the dynamic panel regression analysis and the Granger causality tests. The estimation results based on the alternative specification of regression equations for the unemployment rate suggest that the unemployment rate is negatively related to the relative GDP share of agriculture. In addition, a similar effect has been obtained for some other explanatory variables we have included in the unemployment equation as controlling variables: higher investment rate and trade openness are likely to lower the rate of unemployment. The financial development has also been found to be negatively related to the unemployment rate, although the statistical significance of its effect depends on the estimation technique used. On the other hand, the GDP growth and the government consumption have been found to be insignificantly related to the unemployment rate. While the Granger causality tests performed for each country produced evidence of a causal effect of the relative GDP share of agriculture in some countries, in some other countries the direction of causality has been found to be from the unemployment rate to the relative GDP share of agriculture. Our findings suggest that agriculture may play a potential role in lowering the prevailing rates of high unemployment; but this potential is likely to vary between countries.  

New Evidence of Dynamic Links between Tourism and Economic Growth Based on Mixed-Frequency Granger Causality Tests

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 899-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Liu ◽  
Haiyan Song
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Large Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mixed Frequency ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Empirical Regularities ◽  
Granger Causality Tests ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between tourism and economic growth has created a large body of literature investigating the hypotheses of tourism-led economic growth (TLEGH) and economy-driven tourism growth (EDTGH). In this article, we use mixed-frequency Granger causality tests to investigate the relationship between the two types of growth in Hong Kong from 1974 to 2016. Our analysis reveals the following empirical regularities. First, the hidden short-run causality of TLEGH is detected, and EDTGH is proved in the short run and also in the long run when Granger causality tests are performed in a mixed-frequency framework. Second, mixed-frequency Granger tests demonstrate more power in testing the TLEGH and EDTGH via the rejection frequencies (bootstrap p value). Finally, rolling Granger causality tests reveal an unstable relationship between tourism and economic growth in both magnitude and direction, and the relationship is highly economic- and tourism-event-dependent.

Forestry Investment and Output Value of Forestry in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 3826-3829
Author(s):  
Yang Gao ◽  
Yi Lei Hou ◽  
Zheng Zhao ◽  
Ya Li Wen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Improve Efficiency ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Granger Causality Tests ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between output value of forestry and forestry investment is considered as an imperative issue in forestry economy. In this paper, Granger causality tests are applied to examine the causal relationship between the output value of forestry and the forestry investment for China during 1998 to 2012. Empirical evidence reveals forestry investment and output value of forestry are co-integrated and there is unidirectional causality running from forestry investment to the output value of forestry but not vice versa. With the purpose of conquering the lack of forestry investment, government need to speed up the finance expenditure on forestry, to expand sources of forestry investment and to improve efficiency of investment.

scholarly journals LOCALE-VARYING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND RETAIL PROPERTY PRICES IN A SHOPPING DESTINATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-334
Author(s):  
Linchuan Yang ◽  
K.W. Chau ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
Xu Cui ◽  
Fanyu Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Property Prices ◽  
Shopping Area ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Retail Property ◽  
Granger Causality Tests ◽  
The Relationship

Existing literature has inadequately examined the nexus between tourism and property prices. Additionally, it mainly focuses on hotels and housing, thereby overlooking other property categories (e.g., retail properties). The relationship between tourism development and retail property prices in shopping destinations (e.g., Hong Kong and Singapore) may hinge on the locale. More specifically, the relationship may be different in the tourist precinct or popular tourism shopping area (PTSA) and the unpopular tourism shopping area (UTSA). This study examines locale-varying relationships between tourism development (measured by tourist volume and tourism expenditure) and retail property prices from 2002Q1 to 2014Q4 in Hong Kong using standard and error-correction-model-based (ECM-based) Granger causality tests. Results of standard Granger causality tests indicate that tourism development Granger causes the increase in retail property prices in the PTSA but not in the UTSA. Moreover, results of ECM-based Granger causality tests further verify the robustness and plausibility of the tourism-led growth (in retail property prices) hypothesis in the PTSA. In other words, we find that tourism development measures can be used to better predict changes in retail property prices in the PTSA than simply referring to the price history.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRADE OPENNESS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE CASE OF CHINA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 199-213
Author(s):  
Masoud Ali Khalid ◽  
Khalid Hayder A.Ali
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Sample Period ◽  
Ardl Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Granger Causality Tests ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, we have investigated the relationship between trade openness and long-run economic growth over the sample period 1960–2015, utilizing ARDL model. We found evidence that trade openness is directly correlated with economic growth in the long run. Furthermore, Granger Causality tests recommended that a change in trade openness impacts the long-run of economic growth through the interaction with gross capital formation in the case of China.

scholarly journals Grain prices, oil prices, and multiple smooth breaks in a VAR

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Enders ◽  
Paul Jones
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Misspecified Model ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Granger Causality Tests ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Smooth Breaks

AbstractIgnored structural breaks in a VAR result in a misspecified model such that Granger causality tests are improperly sized; there is a bias towards a rejection of the null hypothesis of non-causality even when the null is correct. Instead of modeling structural breaks as being sharp, changes in the relationship between the maize and petroleum markets are likely to have occurred gradually. We show the flexible Fourier form has good size and power properties in testing for smooth structural change in a VAR. When applied to a VAR including maize and oil prices, we uncover important linkages between the two markets.

scholarly journals Do Operating Profits Induce a Wage Premium Equally Shared among Employees Earning High or Low Incomes?

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Jarle Aarstad ◽  
Olav A. Kvitastein
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Wage Premium ◽  
Wage Increase ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Granger Causality Tests

Panel data show that between 2001 and 2014 Norwegian industries’ increasing aggregated operating profits per employee increased average wages and wage inequality. The data imply that increasing profits, perhaps unsurprisingly, induce a wage premium. The data further imply that employees earning high incomes at the outset had the highest wage increase percentage-wise. Decreasing operating profits per employee had opposite but less robust effects on average wages and wage inequality. Panel data Granger causality tests finally showed that average wages, but not wage inequality, reversely and positively affect operating profits per employee.

scholarly journals An analysis of the relationship of inflation and unemployment to the gross domestic product (gdp) in zimbabwe

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
Tendai Makoni
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Cointegration Test ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Granger Causality Tests ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Yearly Data

The time series yearly data for Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation and unemployment from 1980 to 2012 was used in the study. First difference of the logged data became stationary as suggested by the time series plots. Johansen Maximum Likelihood Cointegration test indicated a long-run relationship among the variables. Granger Causality tests suggested unidirectional causality between inflation and GDP, implying that GDP is Granger caused by inflation in Zimbabwe. Another unidirectional causality was noted between unemployment and inflation. The causality between unemployment and inflation imply that unemployment do affect GDP indirectly since unemployment influences inflation which in turn positively affect GDP.

scholarly journals Sars-Cov-2 in Argentina: Lockdown, Mobility, and Contagion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M.C. Larrosa
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Political Discussion ◽  
Fixed And Random Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Granger Causality Tests ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThere is a debate in Argentina about the effectiveness of mandatory lockdown measures in containing COVID-19 that lasts five months making it one of the longest in the World. The population effort to comply the lockdown has been decreasing over time given the economic and social costs that it entails. We contributes by analyzing the Argentinian case through information of mobility and contagion given answers to recurrent questions on these topics. This paper aims to fill the gap in the literature by assessing the effects of lockdown measures and the regional relaxation on the numbers of rate of new infections. We also respond to issues of internal political discussion on regional contagion and the effect of marches and unexpected crowd events. We use pool, fixed and random effects panel data modeling and Granger causality tests identifying relations between mobility and contagion. Our results show that lockdown in Argentina has been effective in reducing the mobility but not in way that reduces the rate of contagion. Strict lockdown seems to be effective in short periods of time and by extend it without complementary measures loss effectiveness. Contagion rate seems to be discretely displaced in time and resurging amidst slowly increasing in mobility.

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