Emulsification of Water and Pyrolysis Oil by Sorbitol Derivative Surfactants

2014 ◽  
Vol 633-634 ◽  
pp. 537-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakorn Kittipoomwong ◽  
Monpilai Narasingha
Keyword(s):  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Stable Emulsion ◽  
Sorbitan Monooleate ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Span 80 ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
The Stability

Effects of sorbitol derivative surfactants on the stability of pyrolysis oil emulsion prepared from plastic waste were experimentally investigated. The water-pyrolysis oil mixture emulsified by Sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) surfactant is more stable than the water-in-oil emulsions prepared by other Sorbitol derivative surfactants which have lower hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) numbers. The Span 80 concentration of 1.5% by volume was found to produce the most stable emulsion and the smallest average water droplet. This optimal surfactant concentration is the same as critical micelle concentration.

Emulsification of Catalytic Pyrolysis Oil from Nanoporous Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 with Diesel Using a Range of Emulsifiers in an Ultrasonicator

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 3955-3959
Author(s):  
Abid Farooq ◽  
Young-Kwon Park
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Benzene Derivatives ◽  
Stable Emulsion ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Span 80 ◽  
Tween 60

Catalytic pyrolysis oil (CPO) was produced from lignin using the ex-situ mechanism and nanoporous HZSM-5 (SiO2/Al2O3 = 50) as a catalyst. The oil contained phenolics, esters, acids, and benzene derivatives as the major constituents. The emulsification of CPO in diesel was tested with several emulsifier combinations such as Span 80 and Tween 60, Span 80 and Atlox 4916, and Atlox 4916 and Zephrym PD3315 in the HLB range of 5.8–7.3. The HLB value of 5.8 using the combination of Span 80 and Atlox 4916 and the CPO:emulsifier:diesel ratio of 5:2:93 (wt%), provided a stable emulsion for 10 days. The physiochemical properties of that emulsion were comparable to diesel. Hence, emulsions of CPO and diesel can potentially be used as a diesel engine fuel.

Effect of the Surfactant Concentration on Sinking Electric Discharge Machining Performance with Water-in-Oil Emulsion as Dielectric

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 3153-3157
Author(s):  
Yan Zhen Zhang ◽  
Yong Hong Liu ◽  
Ren Jie Ji ◽  
Bao Ping Cai
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Machining Performance ◽  
Electric Discharge Machining ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion

In this paper, the EDM performance of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions dielectric with different surfactant concentration is investigated by correlated to its physical properties, such as viscosity and droplets size, which is predominantly determined by the surfactant concentration. Experimental results show that the stability of the W/O emulsions increases with increasing surfactant concentration, whereas the EDM performance deteriorates with increasing surfactant concentration. So, taking a comprehensively consideration of the emulsion stability and EDM performance, the concentration of surfactant must be appropriately selected.

scholarly journals The composition of acid/oil interface in acid oil emulsions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1345-1355
Author(s):  
Yulia M. Ganeeva ◽  
Tatiana N. Yusupova ◽  
Ekaterina E. Barskaya ◽  
Alina Kh. Valiullova ◽  
Ekaterina S. Okhotnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Field Equipment ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Acid Oil ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Intermediate Layers ◽  
Acid Sludge ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
The Stability

Abstract In well stimulation treatments using hydrochloric acid, undesirable water-in-oil emulsion and acid sludge may produce and then cause operational problems in oil field development. The processes intensify in the presence of Fe(III), which are from the corroded surfaces of field equipment and/or iron-bearing minerals of the oil reservoir. In order to understand the reasons of the stability of acid emulsions, acid emulsions were prepared by mixing crude oil emulsion with 15% hydrochloric acid solutions with and without Fe(III) and then separated into free and upper (water free) and intermediate (with water) layers. It is assumed that the oil phase of the free and upper layers contains the compounds which do not participate in the formation of acid emulsions, and the oil phase of the intermediate layers contains components involved in the formation of oil/acid interface. The composition of the oil phase of each layer of the emulsions was studied. It is found that the asphaltenes with a high content of sulfur, oxygen and metals as well the flocculated material of protonated non-polar oil components are concentrated at the oil/acid interface. In addition to the above, in the presence of Fe(III) the Fe(III)-based complexes with polar groups of asphaltenes are formed at the acid/oil interface, contributing to the formation of armor films which enhance the emulsion stability.

What Causes the Formation of Water-in-Oil Emulsions?

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervin F. Fingas ◽  
Ben Fieldhouse ◽  
James Lane ◽  
Joseph V. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Resin Content ◽  
Stable Emulsion ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Asphaltene Content ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Unstable Emulsion

ABSTRACT The results of studies conducted over the past 6 years to characterize why water-in-oil emulsions form are summarized. It is shown that water droplets are held in oil by a combination of viscous and interfacial forces. The stability of an emulsion is very important in understanding its formation because stability is the endpoint or measurement of the entire process. Emulsions can be grouped into three categories: stable, unstable, and mesostable. Each has distinct physical properties. For example, the viscosity of a stable emulsion at a shear rate of I reciprocal second is at least three orders-of-magnitude greater than that of the starting oil. An unstable emulsion usually has a viscosity no more than two orders-of-magnitude greater than that of the starting oil. The zero-shear-rate viscosity is at least six orders-of-magnitude greater than the starting oil for a stable emulsion. For an unstable emulsion, it is usually less than two or three orders-of-magnitude greater than the viscosity of the starting oil. and finally, a stable emulsion has a significant elasticity, whereas an unstable emulsion does not. The stability of emulsions has been studied by examining their asphaltene content and their resin content. Results are reported showing that asphaltenes and resins are responsible for stability. It is noted that, given the correct chemical composition, primarily asphaltenes, sea energy is needed. The properties of the starting oil are the important factor in determining what type of water-in-oil state is produced. Composition and property ranges are given for the starting oil to form each of the water-in-oil states. Important property factors are the asphaltene content, resin content, and starting oil viscosity.

Development of Emulsification containing Natural Colorant from Local Plant (Roselle)

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wong Lee Peng ◽  
Mohamad Affuan Khanafi ◽  
Siti Hamidah Mohd Setapar ◽  
Zuhaili Idham ◽  
Mohd Azizi Che Yunus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Natural Colorant ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance ◽  
Cosmetic Industry ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
Span 80 ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Emulsions Stability

Application of water-in-oil emulsion in the formulation of color cosmetic is very common. However using natural water-soluble pigments as cosmetic colorant is not general in the cosmetic industry although we knew the side effect from using synthetic colorant. This study concerns one of the most important problems in using natural pigment which was to obtain the lip moisturizer formulation and to determine emulsion stability. Roselle is a local potential pigment source which is added into castor oil as the oil phase with the aid of Span 80 and Tween 85 as emulsifier. Several emulsions were prepared using different proportions of emulsifiers and the most suitable hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value for color emulsions was determined to continue with the finding of stable formulation. In addition, stable formulation was determined and emulsions stability were studied during the observation period. Emulsions were analyzed by using viscosity measurement, in order to determine a suitable formulation of emulsion. The formulation of emulsion was stabilized under HLB value of 5.3 which is 75% of Span 80 and 25 % of Tween 85.

HOW TO MODEL WATER-IN-OIL EMULSION FORMATION

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 647-654
Author(s):  
Merv Fingas ◽  
Ben Fieldhouse
Keyword(s):  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Stable Emulsion ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Physical Knowledge ◽  
Prediction Scheme ◽  
Oil Mixtures ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion ◽  
Model Water

ABSTRACT Water-in-oil mixtures were grouped into four states or classes: stable, mesostable, unstable, and entrained water. Only stable and mesostable states can be characterized as emulsions. These states were established according to lifetime, visual appearance, complex modulus, and differences in viscosity. Water-in-oil emulsions made from crude oils have different classes of stability as a result of the asp haltene and resin contents, as well as differences in the viscosity of the starting oil. In this paper a new numerical modelling scheme is proposed and is based on empirical data and the corresponding physical knowledge of emulsion formation. The density, viscosity, saturate, asphaltene and resin contents are used to compute a class index which yields either an unstable or entrained water-in-oil state or a meso-stable or stable emulsion. A prediction scheme is given to estimate the water content and viscosity of the resulting water-in-oil state and the time to formation with input of wave-height.

scholarly journals Malaysian Crude Oil Emulsions : Stability Study

REAKTOR ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
B. Pramudono ◽  
H. B. Mat
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Of Water ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion

The stability of water-in-oil emulsion of some Malaysian crude oils was studied with particular emphasis on effect of interfacial active components existed in the crude oil, i.e. asphaltene, resin and wax. The emulsion stability was studied by measuring the volume of water or oil phase separated in variation with time, water hold up, and the heights of the sedimenting/coalescing interfaces during the separation at various temperatures. The study investigated the influence of asphaltene, resin and wax on emultion stability if it`s present in the crude oil alone, together or combination one of the others. The result show that the interfacial active component that stabilize emulsion is asphaltene. The resin and wax  do not form stale emulsion either aloneor together. There is a correlation between emulsion stability and physicochemical properties of crude oil which showed that higher asphaltene content in the crude oil would form more stable emultion. Increased temperature was found to cause instability of emultion. Keywords : emultion stability, crude oil, asphaltene, resin and wax

scholarly journals Demulsification of Water in Iraqi Crude Oil Emulsion

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Zenah Hani Maddah ◽  
Tariq Mohammed Naife
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Water Droplet ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Separation Rate ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Oil Emulsions

Formation of emulsions during oil production is a costly problem, and decreased water content in emulsions leads to increases productivity and reduces the potential for pipeline corrosion and equipment used. The chemical demulsification process of crude oil emulsions is one of the methods used for reducing water content. The demulsifier presence causes the film layer between water droplets and the crude oil emulsion that to become unstable, leading to the accelerated of water coalescence. This research was performed to study the performance of a chemical demulsifier Chimec2439 (commercial) a blend of non-ionic oil-soluble surfactants. The crude oils used in these experiments were Basrah and Kirkuk Iraqi crude oil. These experimental work were done using different water to oil ratio. The study investigated the factors that have a role in demulsification processes such as the concentration of demulsifier, water content, salinity, pH, and asphaltene content. The results showed in measuring the droplet size distribution, in Basrah crude oil, that the average water droplet size was between (5.5–7.5) μm in the water content 25% while was between (3.3-4) μm in the water content 7%. The average water droplet size depends on the water content, and droplet size reduced when the water content of emulsion was less than 25%. In Kirkuk crude oil, in water content of 7%, it was between (4.5-6) μm, while in 20%, it was between (4-8) μm, and in 25% it was between (5-8.8) μm. It was found that the rate of separation increases with increasing concentration of demulsifier. For Basrah crude oil at 400ppm the separation was 83%, and for Kirkuk, crude oil was 88%. The separation of water efficiency was increased with increased water content and salt content. In Basrah crude oil, the separation rate was 84% at a dose of salt of 3% (30000) ppm and at zero% of salt, the separation was70.7%. In Kirkuk crude oil, the separation rate was equal 86.2% at a dose of salt equal 3% (30000) ppm, and at zero% of salt, the separation 80%.  

scholarly journals The Influence of WPC 80 Additive on the Stability of Water-In-Oil Emulsions

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 997-1008
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Tabaszewska ◽  
Tadeusz Grega ◽  
Dorota Najgebauer-Lejko ◽  
Grażyna Jaworska
Keyword(s):  
Storage Stability ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Whey Protein Concentrate ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Cosmetic Emulsions ◽  
Stability Of Water ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion

Abstract The effect of 0, 1.5, 5, 10 and 15 (g 100 g-1 of emulsion) WPC 80 additive (80% whey protein concentrate) on the pH, physical, oxidative and microbiological stability of the water-in-oil emulsion was studied during 16-week storage at ~20°C at 4-week intervals. All determined features were significantly affected by the supplementation. The most beneficial as regards storage stability was the emulsion with 5% of WPC 80. This treatment was the most resistant to oxidative changes showing low increase of the concentration of conjugated diene hydroperoxides (from 0.92 to 1.04 mg g-1) and of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (from 0.83 to 1.37 mg malondialdehyde g-1) as well as only slight increment (by 0.47 log CFU g-1) of the microorganisms number during storage. Thus, the results of the present study revealed that whey proteins can be applied in the proper amount to produce cosmetic emulsions composed of natural ingredients and with reasonable storage stability.

scholarly journals Influence of the span 80/Gelatin B combination on the formulation and stabilization of Argan oil-in-water emulsions

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 7182-7191
Author(s):  
Aicha Fahry ◽  
Yassir El Alaoui ◽  
Younes Rahali ◽  
Nawal Charkaoui ◽  
Abdelkader Laatiris
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Phase ◽  
Type B ◽  
Sorbitan Monooleate ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Stability Properties ◽  
Argan Oil ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Span 80 ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Droplet Charge

The present study aims to evaluate the effect of the combination of a linear protein: Gelatin type B and an oil-soluble emulsifier Span 80 (sorbitan monooleate) in the stabilization of argan oil-in-water emulsions. For this purpose, the emulsifiying properties of Gelatin itself with Argan oil as lipid phase were investigated first, by preparing oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions containing 10  wt%.  Argan oil and varying Gelatin concentrations (0.5-2 % w/w), we have also formulated Argan O/W emulsions by span 80 alone at levels ranging from 1 to 6 wt%. Subsequentely, we explored the influence of the simultaneous application of the Span 80 and the gelatine on the stability properties and on the droplets size of Argan O/W emulsions, using different mixtures of the two emulsifiers. We compared the stability properties (flocculation, creaming, and phase separation) of argan O/W emulsions prepared with type B gelatine as the only emulsifier with those of emulsions prepared with span 80 and mixture of gelatin/Span. For stable emulsions, our analysis was completed with measurement of droplets size and Zeta Potential. Finally, all of the experimental results and the storage time showed that the emulsions prepared by 10 wt% argan oil and 2 (w/w) % Gelatin+ 3 wt% Span 80 were the most stable with optimum conditions for minimal creaming, small droplets size (size <1µm) and high net droplet charge (absolute value of ZP > 23). The presence of span 80 in coexistence with gelatin, even in small quantitiees, has a profound influence on the stability of the argan O/W emulsions.

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