Discrete Analysis of Maize Ear at Different Impact Head

2014 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 323-327
Author(s):  
Xin Ping Li ◽  
Zhe Du ◽  
Yi Dong Ma ◽  
Chun Yan Gao ◽  
Fu Li Ma
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Breakage Rate ◽  
Drop Impact Test ◽  
Discrete Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maize Ear ◽  
Impact Head

In order to find the best impact head and threshing moisture content to damage the arrangement law of maize ear,the impact test with different varieties and different moisture of the maize ear is carried out in the drop impact test bench. The experimental result shows that the breakage rate of kernel is smaller and the discrete effect of kernel is better than others in the the action of impact head when moisture content of the maize ear belongs to 14%-20% or less than 12%. The wedge impact head is the most suitable for maize kernel threshing than other impact heads.The effect of maize varieties to the breakage rate is not obvious. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for the low damage threshing method of further research.

scholarly journals An Experimental Comparison of Simple Measurements Used for the Characterization of Sand Equestrian Surfaces

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2896
Author(s):  
María Alejandra Blanco ◽  
Raúl Hourquebie ◽  
Kaleb Dempsey ◽  
Peter Schmitt ◽  
Michael (Mick) Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Testing Tools ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
The Impact

Quantitative measurements of performance parameters have the potential to increase consistency and enhance performance of the surfaces as well as to contribute to the safety of horses and riders. This study investigates how factors known to influence the performance of the surface, incorporation of a drainage package, control of the moisture control, and introduction of a geotextile reinforcement, affect quantitative measurements of arena materials. The measurements are made by using affordable lightweight testing tools which are readily available or easily constructed. Sixteen boxes with arena materials at a consistent depth were tested with the Going Stick (GS), both penetration resistance and shear, the impact test device (ITD), and the rotational peak shear device (RPS). Volumetric moisture content (VMC %) was also tested with time–domain reflectometry (TDR). Results obtained using GS, RPS, ITD, and TDR indicate that the presence of the drainage package, moisture content, and geotextile addition were detected. Alterations due to combinations of treatments could also be detected by GS, ITD, and TDR. While the testing showed some limitations of these devices, the potential exists to utilize them for quality control of new installations as well as for the monitoring of maintenance of the surfaces.

scholarly journals An Experimental Comparison of Simple Measurements used for the Characterization of Sand Equestrian Surfaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alejandra Blanco ◽  
Raúl Hourquebie ◽  
Kaleb Dempsey ◽  
Peter Schmitt ◽  
Michael "Mick" Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Testing Tools ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
The Impact

Quantitative measurements of performance parameters has the potential to increase consistency and enhance performance of the surfaces as well as to contribute to the safety of horses and riders. This study investigates how factors known to influence the performance of the surface, incorpo-ration of a drainage package, control of the moisture control, and introduction of a geotextile reinforcement, affect quantitative measurements of arena materials. The measurements are made by using affordable lightweight testing tools which are readily available or easily constructed. Sixteen boxes with arena materials at a consistent depth were tested with the Going Stick (GS), both penetration resistance and shear, the impact test device (ITD), and the rotational peak shear device (RPS). Volumetric moisture content (VMC %) was also tested with time-domain reflectometry (TDR). Results obtained using GS, RPS, ITD, and TDR indicate that the presence of the drainage package, moisture content, and geotextile addition were detected. Alterations due to combinations of treatments could also be detected by GS, ITD, and TDR. While the testing showed some limi-tations of these devices, the potential exists to utilize them for quality control of new installations as well as for the monitoring of maintenance of the surfaces.

scholarly journals Development of an experimental single-link flexible manipulator system

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.29) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Hanim Mohd Yatim ◽  
Intan Zaurah Mat Darus
Keyword(s):  
Impact Test ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Flexible Manipulator ◽  
Structural Vibration ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Single Link ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Rig

Demand for the applications of flexible manipulator due to their benefits has received attention from the industries. However, the flexibility of flexible manipulator has resulted in structural vibration and needs to be studied accordingly. This paper presents the development of a laboratory facility constituting of single-link flexible manipulator system. A new experimental rig flexible manipulator system constrained to move horizontally was designed, developed and fabricated. The experimental equipment setup and method of capturing data are presented. Experimental works have been done to highlight the effect of forces on hub-angle and end-point vibration of the flexible manipulator. Impact test was carried out to identify the dominant mode of vibration of the flexible manipulator. Result from the impact test was compared with the experimental data recorded for model validation and verification. The experimental result demonstrated that the reasonable accuracy with only 1.31% of error was obtained for the dominant mode of vibration. The experimental rig developed incorporating the sensors and actuators deployed may direct future researchers towards significant applications of flexible manipulator in the industrial sector and to promote better productivity. 

Numerical Simulation of Aluminum Alloy Wheel 13° Impact Test Based on Abaqus

2012 ◽  
Vol 215-216 ◽  
pp. 1191-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ming Yuan ◽  
Li Jie Zhang ◽  
Xin Ying Chen ◽  
Bing Du ◽  
Bao Hua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Equivalent Plastic Strain ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Alloy Wheel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Finite Element Model

In order to predict the result of impact test in the design phase and reduce the experimental times, which can save cost and shorten development cycle, a finite element model of aluminum alloy wheel 13-degree impact test is established based on Abaqus. All mechanical parts such as the standard impact block, the assembly of the wheel and the tire, the support and bolts are included in the finite element model. The predicted result of finite element analysis and the experimental result agree very well shows the finite element model is correct. The equivalent plastic strain value was also put forward as fracture criterion for the wheel in the impact test which realizes the transition from the qualitative analysis to the quantitative analysis in the development process of aluminum alloy wheel.

scholarly journals Development of a Weight-Drop Impact Testing Method for Dental Applications

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2803
Author(s):  
Satoru Watanabe ◽  
Yoshiki Ishida ◽  
Daisuke Miura ◽  
Taira Miyasaka ◽  
Akikazu Shinya
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Fracture Energy ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Drop Impact ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Impact Fracture ◽  
Weight Drop ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Drop Impact Test ◽  
The Impact

For evaluating the impact strength of dental materials, the Izod test or Charpy test has been used, but specimen preparation for these tests is difficult due to the adjustment of a notch on them. By contrast, a weight-drop impact test does not require notched specimens. Therefore, it might be possible to measure the impact strength more accurately than conventional methods. This study aimed to establish appropriate conditions for applying the weight-drop impact test on small specimens of acrylic resin. To determine the most reliable impact fracture energy of acrylic resins, different diameters and thicknesses of PMMA resin specimens, diameters and weights of the striker, and diameters of the supporting jig were compared. For all specimen thicknesses, when the striker diameter was 6–10 mm, the impact fracture energy was constant when the inner diameter of the specimen-supporting jig was 8–10 mm. In addition, the measured E50% value was mostly equal to the median value of the impact fracture energy. Thus, for the weight-drop impact test, this method was effective for material testing of small specimens, by clearly specifying the test conditions, such as the thickness of disc-shaped specimens, the diameter of the striker, and the inner diameter of the specimen-supporting jig.

Study on Antifouling Properties of Clay in Unsaturated Zone in Xiaodian District of Taiyuan City

2012 ◽  
Vol 256-259 ◽  
pp. 552-557
Author(s):  
Xiao Niu Li ◽  
Xiao De Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Unsaturated Zone ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Adsorption Effect ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Distribution Rule ◽  
The Impact

The characteristics and distribution rule of viscous soil in unsaturated zone is the key factor that influence on the natural attenuation of pollutant, so, it is necessary to study the antifouling performance of cohesive soils. In this paper, the barrier adsorption effect of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) were discussed according to soil column experiment. Meanwhile, it analyzed the impact of some properties of viscous soil on experimental result, such as initial PH, initial moisture content, initial organic matter and microorganism content. Research results are shown as follows. Firstly, initial moisture content is passively correlated with the adsorption of TDS. Secondly, organic matter content is positively correlated with the adsorption of COD. Thirdly, microorganism content is positively correlated with the adsorption of COD and TDS. The Antifouling ability of soil may be evaluated by means of filtration capability and adequacy thickness. Research results would provide basis for pollution control of soil.

Use of thermomechanical pulp fibers from waste woods for making eco-friendly cushioning material

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
JI-YOUNG LEE ◽  
CHUL-HWAN KIM ◽  
JEONG-MIN SEO ◽  
HO-KYUNG CHUNG ◽  
KYUNG-KIL BACK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Test ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulp ◽  
Fiber Structure ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Cationic Starch ◽  
Thermal Insulating ◽  
Surface Sizing ◽  
The Impact

Eco-friendly cushioning materials were made with thermomechanical pulps (TMPs) from waste woods collected from local mountains in Korea, using a suction-forming method without physical pressing. The TMP cushions had superior shock-absorbing performance, with lower elastic moduli than expanded polystyrene (EPS) or molded pulp. Even though the TMP cushions made using various suction times had many voids in their inner fiber structure, their apparent densities were a little higher than that of EPS and much lower than that of molded pulp. The addition of cationic starch contributed to an increase in the elastic modulus of the TMP cushions without increasing the apparent density, an effect which was different from that of surface sizing with starch. In the impact test, the TMP cushions showed a more ductile pattern than the brittle EPS. The porosity of the TMP cushion was a little less than that of EPS and much greater than that of molded pulp. The porous structure of the TMP cushions contributed to their excellent thermal insulating capacity, which was equivalent to that of EPS. In summary, the TMP packing cushions showed great potential for surviving external impacts during product distribution.

Experimental Study on the Effect of Moisture Content on Hysteretic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Columns

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Lv ◽  
Baodong Liu ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Pengyuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Concrete Columns ◽  
Hysteretic Behavior ◽  
Cyclic Test ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Columns

Background: For reinforced concrete structures under different humid conditions, the mechanical properties of concrete are significantly affected by the moisture content, which may result in a great change of the functional performance and bearing capacity. Objective: This paper presents an experiment to investigate the influence of the moisture content on the dynamic characteristics and hysteretic behavior of reinforced concrete column. Results: The results show that the natural frequency of reinforced concrete columns increases quickly at an early stage of immersion, but there is little change when the columns are close to saturation; the difference between the natural frequencies before and after cyclic test grows as the moisture content rises. The damping ratio slightly decreases first and then increases with the increase of moisture content; the damping ratio after the cyclic test is larger than before the test due to the development of the micro-cracks. Conclusion: The trend of energy dissipation is on the rise with increasing moisture content, although at an early stage, it decreases slightly. According to the experimental result, a formula for the moisture content on the average energy dissipation of reinforced concrete columns is proposed.

scholarly journals HANDY: a device for assessing resistance to mechanical crushing of maize kernel

Plant Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Su ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
Tao Cui ◽  
Xiaojun Gao ◽  
Guoyi Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Maize Kernel ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Mechanical Crushing

Abstract Background How to control the physical damage during maize kernel harvesting is a major problem for both mechanical designers and plant breeders. A limitation of addressing this problem is lacking a reliable method for assessing the relation between kernel damage susceptibility and threshing quality. The design, construction, and testing of a portable tool called “HANDY”, which can assess the resistance to mechanical crushing in maize kernel. HANDY can impact the kernel with a special accelerator at a given rotating speed and then cause measurable damage to the kernel. These factors are varied to determine the ideal parameters for operating the HANDY. Results Breakage index (BI, target index of HANDY), decreased as the moisture content of kernel increased or the rotating speed decreased within the tested range. Furthermore, the HANDY exhibited a greater sensitivity in testing kernels at higher moisture level influence on the susceptibility of damage kernel than that in Breakage Susceptibility tests, particularly when the centrifugation speed is about 1800 r/min and the centrifugal disc type is curved. Considering that the mechanical properties of kernels vary greatly as the moisture content changes, a subsection linear (average goodness of fit is 0.9) to predict the threshing quality is built by piecewise function analysis, which is divided by kernel moisture. Specifically, threshing quality is regarded as a function of the measured result of the HANDY. Five maize cultivars are identified with higher damage resistance among 21 tested candidate varieties. Conclusions The HANDY provides a quantitative assessment of the mechanical crushing resistance of maize kernel. The BI is demonstrated to be a more robust index than breakage susceptibility (BS) when evaluating threshing quality in harvesting in terms of both reliability and accuracy. This study also offers a new perspective for evaluating the mechanical crushing resistance of grains and provides technical support for breeding and screening maize varieties that are suitable for mechanical harvesting.

scholarly journals Impact resistance of steel materials to ballistic ejecta and shelter development using steel deck plates

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Yamada ◽  
Kohei Tateyama ◽  
Shino Naruke ◽  
Hisashi Sasaki ◽  
Shinichi Torigata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Corrugated Plates ◽  
Shelter Construction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ballistic Ejecta

AbstractThe destruction caused by ballistic ejecta from the phreatic eruptions of Mt. Ontake in 2014 and Mt. Kusatsu-Shirane (Mt. Moto-Shirane) in 2018 in Japan, which resulted in numerous casualties, highlighted the need for better evacuation facilities. In response, some mountain huts were reinforced with aramid fabric to convert them into shelters. However, a number of decisions must be made when working to increase the number of shelters, which depend on the location where they are to be built. In this study, we propose a method of using high-strength steel to reinforce wooden buildings for use as shelters. More specifically, assuming that ballistic ejecta has an impact energy of 9 kJ or more, as in previous studies, we developed a method that utilizes SUS304 and SS400 unprocessed steel plates based on existing impact test data. We found that SUS304 is particularly suitable for use as a reinforcing material because it has excellent impact energy absorption characteristics due to its high ductility as well as excellent corrosion resistance. With the aim of increasing the structural strength of steel shelters, we also conducted an impact test on a shelter fabricated from SS400 deck plates (i.e., steel with improved flexural strength provided by work-hardened trapezoidal corrugated plates). The results show that the shelter could withstand impact with an energy of 13.5 kJ (2.66 kg of simulated ballistic ejecta at 101 m/s on impact). In addition, from the result of the impact test using the roof-simulating structure, it was confirmed the impact absorption energy is further increased when artificial pumice as an additional protective layer is installed on this structure. Observations of the shelter after the impact test show that there is still some allowance for deformation caused by projectile impact, which means that the proposed steel shelter holds promise, not only structurally, but also from the aspects of transportation and assembly. Hence, the usefulness of shelters that use steel was shown experimentally. However, shelter construction should be suitable for the target environment.

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