Corrosion Analysis of Carbon Steel Pipeline: Effect of Different Sulfuric Acid Concentrations

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Asyadi Azam ◽  
Mohd Fuad Ibrahim ◽  
Muhammad Zaimi
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Prevention Method

Oil and gas industry has been hugely contributing any government income and this industry is highly required to control corrosion failures in pipelines which may potentially cause substantial human and economic losses. The objective of this study is to study the effect of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) electrolyte concentration to corrosion behavior of the internal surface of natural gas pipeline by using Tafel extrapolation method. Surface morphology of the samples is studied using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope to investigate the correlation between the corrosion rate and surface morphology. As results, the corrosion rate increases with higher concentration of H2SO4. Microscopic analyses also confirmed the presence of pitting corrosion, and micrometer thick of corrosion product was developed on the surfaces. The data can be used to managing the pipelines effectively and prevention method can be taken in order to extend the life span of the pipeline.

RAM analysis of dynamic positioning system: An approach taking into account uncertainties and criticality equipment ratings

2021 ◽  
pp. 1748006X2110518
Author(s):  
Maria V Clavijo ◽  
Adriana M Schleder ◽  
Enrique Lopez Droguett ◽  
Marcelo R Martins
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Dynamic Positioning System ◽  
Failure Data ◽  
Total Failure ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Maintainability Analysis ◽  
Ram Analysis

Currently, a Dynamic Position (DP) System is commonly used for offshore operations. However, DP failures may generate environmental and economic losses; thus, this paper presents the Reliability, Availability and Maintainability (RAM) analysis for two different generations of DP system (DP2 and DP3) used in drilling operations. In addition to the RAM analysis, the approach proposed herein considers the uncertainties present in the equipment failure data and provides more information about criticality equipment ratings and probability density functions (pdf) of the repair times. The reliability analysis shows that, for 3 months of operation, the total failure probability of the DP2 system is 1.52% whereas this probability for the DP3 system is only 0.16%. The results reveal that the bus-bar is the most critical equipment of the DP2 system, whereas the wind sensor represents the priority equipment in the DP3 system. Using 90% confidence level, each DP configuration was evaluated for a 1-year operation, finding a reliability mean equal to 70.39% and 86.77% for the DP2 system and the DP3 system, respectively. The DP2 system asymptotic availability tends to present a constant value of 99.98% whereas for the DP3 system, it tends to be 99.99%. Finally, the maintainability analysis allows concluding that the mean time for system repair is expected to be 3.6 h. This paper presents a logical pathway for analysts, operators, and reliability engineers of the oil and gas industry.

scholarly journals Effect of pH in SRB (ATCC 7757) Growth for Oil and Gas API X 70 Steel Pipes

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Zuraini Din ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Corrosion Failure ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Metal Pipes

In the oil and gas industry, pipeline is the major transportation medium to deliver the products. According to [1] containment of pipeline loss to indicate that corrosion has been found to be the most predominant cause for failures of buried metal pipes. MIC has been identified as one of the major causes of underground pipeline corrosion failure and Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) are the main reason causing MIC, by accelerating corrosion rate. The objectives of this study is to study the SRB growth, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 7757 due to pH and determine the optimum value controlling the bacteria growth on the internal pipe of carbon steel grade API X70. The result shows that the optimum SRB growth is at range pH 5-5 to 6.5 and the exposure time of 7 to 14 days. At pH 6.5 the maximum corrosion rate is 1.056 mm/year. Corrosion phenomena on carbon steel in the study proven had influence by pH and time. From this result pitting corrosion strongly attack at carbon steel pipe. In the future project, it is recommended to study the effect of different pipe location for example the pipeline under seawater.

scholarly journals Economic Impact and Risk Assessment of Sand and Dust Storms (SDS) on the Oil and Gas Industry in Kuwait

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Al-Hemoud ◽  
Ali Al-Dousari ◽  
Raafat Misak ◽  
Mane Al-Sudairawi ◽  
Adil Naseeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Sand Encroachment ◽  
Damaging Effects

There is a lack of published research on the economic effect and the risk associated with sand and dust storms (SDS) worldwide. The objectives of this study are to estimate the economic impact of SDS on the oil and gas industry in Kuwait, to estimate a risk index for each loss, and to recommend a sustainable system for the mitigation of the damaging effects and economic losses of infrastructures. Hot spots of wind erosion, wind corridors, and dust frequency and severity formed the basis to locate the most susceptible oil and gas fields and operations. Ten sectors with potential loss vulnerabilities were evaluated: exploration, drilling, production, gas, marine, soil remediation, project management, water handling, maintenance, and research and development. Sand encroachment, although not a sector per se, was also considered. The results indicate that sand, and to lesser extent dust, are damaging and costly to the oil and gas infrastructure of Kuwait, with an economic cost estimation of US$9.36 million, a total of 5159 nonproductive lost hours, and 347,310 m3 of annual sand removal. A risk assessment identified three sectors with the highest risk indices (RI): drilling (RI = 25), project management (RI = 20), and maintenance (RI = 16). Sand encroachment also constituted a high risk (RI = 25). Mitigation of sand storms using a hybrid biological–mechanical system was shown to be cost-effective with an equivalent saving of 4.6 years of sand encroachment. The hazard implications of sand storm events continue to be a major concern for policy-makers given their detrimental economic impacts, and require that government officials wisely allocate investment budgets to effectively control and mitigate their damaging effects.

scholarly journals Comparison of Corrosion Rate in the Environment of 10% Acetic Acid solution with different Deflection.

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Nendi Suhendi Syafei ◽  
S S Rizki ◽  
Suryaningsih Suryaningsih ◽  
Darmawan Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Acetic Acid Solution ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Acid Environment

The oil and gas industry exploration that will generally be followed by corrosive substances including sweet gas (eg H2S and CO2), it will result in corrosion event. The corrosion stress cracking will cause the carbon steel pipe to break so that production oil and gas can be stopped. The research aims in this paper is to analyze the corrosion event of carbon steel pipe in laboratory scale on acid environment with the existence of sweet gas H2O and CO2 by using three points loading method. This research uses carbon steel pipe API 5L-X65 which stay in condensation environment of 1350 ml aquades, 150 ml acetic acid. Based on the figure (5.a) and figure (5.b) that the corrosion rate will increase with increasing exposure time, and the greater the stress that is given, the corrosion rate increases according to the image (6.a) and image (6.b). Whereas based on the results of microstructural tests using optical microscopes, pitting corrosion occurs, and corrosion events  occur are the stress corrosion cracking transgranular and intergranular based on figure 8.  

Research universal combined inhibitor for the oil and gas industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
M.B. Adigezalova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Inhibitory Efficiency

Using the gravimetric method, the inhibitory efficiency of the combined inhibitor with respect to hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide corrosion of St3 steel in model produced water MI was studied. Corrosion tests were carried out in 0,5 liter sealed vessels on St3 samples of size 30х20х1. Gossypol resin + MARZA was used as a multifunctional combined inhibitor. Diesel fuel and kerosene were used as solvent. It has been established that the protective effect of using a multi-functional combined inhibitor in formation water with oil containing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide using kerosene as a solvent ranges from 75 to 96 and for diesel as 80 to 100. The combined inhibitor allows to achieve in the MI medium containing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in the process of daily testing the corrosion rate of steel is about 0,04 g/m2·h. only in a concentration of not less than 70 mg/l. However, with an increase in the duration of the test by an order of magnitude, a similar corrosion rate is observed already at an inhibitor concentration of 50 mg/l. The same is characteristic of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide - carbon dioxide solutions.

New Technologies of Anodizing Components of Oil and Gas Industry Equipment Made of Aluminum Alloys

2015 ◽  
Vol 770 ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
N.Ph. Kolenchin ◽  
V.N. Kuskov ◽  
P.N. Shadrina
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Oxide Coating ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Final Thickness ◽  
Gas Industry

The injection of ozone into the air mixture for a barbotage of electrolyte at anodization of an aluminum alloy D16 in 5 % aqueous solution of sulfuric acid increases final thickness of oxide coating by 45 - 53 %, and simultaneous ultrasonic affecting and bubbling of electrolyte by the ozone-aerial mixture - only on 30 - 35 %, however in the latter case microhardness and wear resistance of coating increase. The additional applying of vibration decreases thickness, microhardness and wear resistance of an oxide layer.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (53) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Valerii Makarenko ◽  
Andrii Manhura ◽  
Yuriy Vynnykov ◽  
Svitlana Manhura
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
Sulfur Containing

During the exploitation of equipment and piping systems of sulfuric acid, shale, metallurgical, mining, energy and other industries, the metal of a number of structures directly contacts with sulfur-containing agents at high temperatures. This resultsin intense corrosion, loosening and saturation of the surface layer of metal with sulfur (elementalor in the form of variouscompounds, including sulfides, iron, oxides) with a concentration of up to 0.6%. Repair welding of such metal at its partialreplacement is connected with the big labor costs caused by necessity of mechanical removal of a surface layer, as withoutthis operation in weld metal by standard electrodes hot cracks, pores and notfusion are formed.

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