Penetration Depth Analysis of K307 Cannonballs Colliding into Sand of Various Shear Moduli

2014 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
Yoon Keon Kim ◽  
Woo Chun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Good Stability ◽  
Shear Moduli ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Test Side ◽  
A Site

In order to test the performance of a cannonball, various types of media are used in a test site. The best media should have good stability, effectiveness, economic feasibility, etc. Among them, sand is most widely used. Sand, which consists of many small grains, can be used effectively in a site. In this study, the penetration depth of a cannonball is analyzed for shear modulus using FEM. It is found that the penetration depth decreases with the shear modulus of sand. For management of a test side, the shear modulus of sand is an important factor.

scholarly journals “Man-as-Nation”: Representations of Masculinity and Nationalism in Wu Jing’s Wolf Warrior II

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110335
Author(s):  
Tingting Hu ◽  
Tianru Guan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Representation ◽  
Male Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
Box Office ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
National Power ◽  
A Site ◽  
Chinese Films

Through an in-depth analysis of gender representation in the box office record-breaking Chinese movie Wolf Warrior II, this study interrogates how the male body is used as a site for the projection of Chinese national power. Furthermore, it illustrates a revival of patriotic pride in China through a contemporary reading of cross-genre action-military films. Developing Shuqin Cui’s notion of “woman-as-nation,” which understands on-screen female victimization in Chinese films as signifying the past suffering of the nation, this study proposes the new concept of “man-as-nation” to explain how the masculine virtues of male protagonists in Chinese films signify the nation’s rejuvenation and strength. Framing male virtue into the paradigms of wu (武), as martial valor, and wen (文), as cultural attainment, this article argues that masculinity has come to symbolize China’s enhanced comprehensive power and to embody its ideological orientation in both global and domestic domains.

scholarly journals Estimation of quadriceps femoris muscle dysfunction in the early period after surgery of the knee joint using shear-wave elastography

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Kawai ◽  
Keigo Taniguchi ◽  
Tomoyuki Suzuki ◽  
Masaki Katayose
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Quadriceps Femoris ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Dysfunction ◽  
Shear Moduli ◽  
Quadriceps Femoris Muscle ◽  
Contraction Ratio ◽  
Femoris Muscle

ObjectivesOrthopaedic surgery of the knee joint results in functional deterioration of the quadriceps femoris muscle. However, little is known about quadriceps femoris muscle dysfunction in the early postsurgical period. Therefore, we examined the stiffness of the quadriceps femoris muscle in the early postsurgical period.MethodsSeven patients and seven healthy controls performed quadriceps contraction exercises. In resting and contraction conditions, the shear modulus, muscle thickness and pennation angle were measured for the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL) and the rectus femoris (RF) using ultrasound elastography.ResultsThe shear moduli of the VM, VL and RF in the control group did not significantly interact, while the shear moduli in the patient group did show a significant interaction. In the resting condition, there was no difference between the unaffected and affected sides in the patient group, but the shear moduli of the VM and VL in the contraction condition was significantly lower on the affected side than the unaffected side.The contraction ratios between muscles by limbs did not significantly interact. However, there were main effects due to muscle and limb factors. The VM and VL had a significantly higher contraction ratio than the RF, and the control and unaffected limbs had a higher contraction ratio than the affected limb.ConclusionThe results demonstrated a decrease in muscle stiffness during contraction in patients with quadriceps femoris dysfunction. Measurement of the shear modulus has potential as a new evaluation index and with high sensitivity to decreases in muscle contraction.

Comparative study of destructive, nondestructive, and numerical procedures for the determination of moisture dependent shear moduli in Scots pine wood

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1063-1069
Author(s):  
Murat Aydın ◽  
Hasan Hüseyin Ciritcioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Transverse Wave ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Shear Moduli ◽  
Principal Axes ◽  
Static Shear

Abstract In this study, moisture dependent shear moduli in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood were determined by a 45° off-axis (longitudinal, radial, and tangential) compression test and ultrasonic transverse wave propagation. Finite element modeling was performed to ascertain how the results agree with the numerical method. Ultrasonic transverse wave velocities on the LR, LT, and RT planes were decreased from 1347, 1323, and 589 m × s-1 to 1286, 1269, and 561 m × s-1 when relative humidity increased from 45 % to 85 % at a constant temperature of 20 ± 1 °C, respectively. The dynamic and static shear modulus on the LR, LT, and RT planes were decreased from 988, 953, and 189, and 966, 914, and 182 MPa to 927, 903, and 176, and 845, 784, and 154 MPa when relative humidity increased from 45 % to 85 % at a constant temperature of 20 ± 1 °C, respectively. Therefore, both velocity and modulus values at all principal axes and planes were decreased with an increase in moisture. Maximum (15.2 %) and minimum (2.3 %) differences between dynamic and the static shear modulus were observed for GLT at 85 % and GLR at 45 % relative humidity, respectively. Coefficients of determinations between the dynamic and static shear moduli were ranged from 0.68 (GLR at 65 % RH) to 0.97 (GLR at 85 % RH). Finite element analysis, only for 65 % RH values, was performed using Solid 45 element, and, according to results, load-deformation curves created by linear orthotropic material properties, are well-matched with the static curves.

scholarly journals Predictions of the shear modulus of cheese, a soft matter approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Gillies
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Shear Moduli ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
The Many

Abstract The rheological and structural properties of cheese govern many physical processes associated with cheese such as slumping, slicing and melting. To date there is no quantitative model that predicts shear modulus, viscosity or any other rheological property across the entire range of cheeses; only empirical fits that interpolate existing data. A lack of a comprehensive model is in part due to the many variables that can affect rheology such as salt, pH, calcium levels, protein to moisture ratio, age and temperature. By modelling the casein matrix as a series core-shell nano particles assembled from calcium and protein these variables can be reduced onto a simpler two-dimensional format consisting of attraction and equivalent hard sphere volume fraction. Approximating the interaction between core-shell nano particles with a Mie potential enables numerical predictions of shear moduli. More qualitatively, this two-dimensional picture can be applied quite broadly and captures the viscoelastic behaviour of soft and hard cheeses as well as their melting phenomena.

Scaling properties of the shear modulus of polyelectrolyte complex coacervates: a time-pH superposition principle

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 22552-22556 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tekaat ◽  
D. Bütergerds ◽  
M. Schönhoff ◽  
A. Fery ◽  
C. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complex ◽  
Superposition Principle ◽  
Scaling Properties ◽  
Shear Moduli ◽  
Complex Shear

A novel time-pH superposition principle describes the complex shear moduli in polyelectrolyte complex coacervates.

scholarly journals The Off-Axis IBII Test for Composites

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Parry ◽  
L. Fletcher ◽  
F. Pierron
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Shear Moduli ◽  
Test Methodology ◽  
Split Hopkinson

Abstract Composite components regularly experience dynamic loads in service. Despite this, it is still difficult to obtain accurate mechanical properties of composite materials under high strain rate conditions. In this study, a new application of the Image-Based Inertial Impact (IBII) test methodology was developed, to generate an accurate in-plane transverse and shear moduli dataset from unidirectional (UD) off-axis composite specimens. The obtained dataset was consistent across different sample configurations, where results from the UD45$$^{\circ }$$ ∘ off-axis specimens agreed well with the UD90$$^{\circ }$$ ∘ values. Validation of the shear modulus identification was also undertaken by comparing the results from the UD90$$^{\circ }$$ ∘ and UD45$$^{\circ }$$ ∘ specimens with a multi-directional (MD) configuration. Here, it was found that MD±45$$^{\circ }$$ ∘ specimen shear modulus values where marginally lower than that from the UD specimens, in accordance with the lower fibre volume fraction of the MD laminate. Low strain rate sensitivities in the $$0.5-2\times$$ 0.5 - 2 × 10$$^{3}$$ 3  $$\hbox {s}^{-1}$$ s - 1 regime evidenced in this work suggest previously published data (often from split-Hopkinson bar tests) may include both a material and system i.e. testing apparatus response.

A Model of Superlattice Yield Stress and Hardness Enhancements

1995 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
XI Chu ◽  
Scott A. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Shear Moduli ◽  
Average Shear ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Superlattice Period

ABSTRACTA model is presented that explains the yield stress and hardness enhancements that have been observed in superlattice thin films. The predicted strength/hardness enhancement increased with increasing superlattice period, Λ, before reaching a saturation value that depended on interface widths. The results indicate that superlattice strength/hardness depends strongly on interface widths and the difference in shear moduli of the two components for Λ values below the maximum, and on the average shear modulus for larger Λ.

scholarly journals Thermal Penetration Depth Analysis and Impact of the BEOL Metals on the Thermal Impedance of SiGe HBTs

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1457-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario D'Esposito ◽  
Suresh Balanethiram ◽  
Jean-Luc Battaglia ◽  
Sebastien Fregonese ◽  
Thomas Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Thermal Impedance ◽  
Thermal Penetration Depth ◽  
Depth Analysis

Radial profiling of the three formation shear moduli and its application to well completions

Geophysics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. E65-E77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikash K. Sinha ◽  
Badarinadh Vissapragada ◽  
Lasse Renlie ◽  
Sveinung Tysse
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Vertical Shear ◽  
Horizontal Shear ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Shear Moduli ◽  
Anisotropic Formation ◽  
Mobility Impaired ◽  
Well Completions ◽  
Optimum Production

Near-wellbore alteration in shear stiffnesses in the three orthogonal planes can be described in terms of radial variations of the three shear moduli or slownesses. The three shear moduli are different in formations exhibiting orthorhombic or lower degree of symmetry, as is the case in deviated wellbores in triaxially stressed formations. These shear moduli are affected by factors such as overbalanced drilling, borehole stress concentrations, shale swelling, near-wellbore mechanical damage, and supercharging of permeable formations. The two vertical shear moduli [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in an anisotropic formation with a vertical [Formula: see text]-axis are obtained from crossed-dipole sonic data, whereas the horizontal shear modulus [Formula: see text] is estimated from borehole Stoneley data. The effective shear modulus [Formula: see text] is smaller than the vertical shear moduli [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] in a poroelastic formation exhibiting high horizontal fluid mobility. Consequently, analyses of radial profiling of the three shear moduli in a reasonably uniform lithology interval yield useful correlations, with mobility impaired by an increased amount of clay or by near-wellbore damage in a shaley sand reservoir interval in a North Sea vertical well. Radial profiling results help to identify suitable depths for fluid sampling and to complete a well for optimum production.

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