Structural Design of Energy Efficient Buildings Using Multi-Objective BB-BC Algorithm

2015 ◽  
Vol 725-726 ◽  
pp. 1544-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Milajić ◽  
Dejan Beljaković ◽  
Nikola Čulić ◽  
Nikolay Vatin ◽  
Vera Murgul
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Optimization Task ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
Big Crunch ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
Cost Of Construction ◽  
Energy Efficient Building

Optimal design of an energy efficient building has to meet two confronted demands: to minimize total cost of construction, and to minimize environmental impact and energy consumption, which is usually obtained by the implementation of expensive insulation materials and equipment. Therefore, optimization task cannot be formulated by a single objective function, but requires at least two functions. Consequently, there is no unique, i.e. the best solution, but a number of more or less acceptable ones among which designer chooses a satisfying one considering given demands and limitations. This paper presents methodology for using the Big Bang – Big Crunch algorithm for optimum design of an energy efficient building that would meet two confronted demands – the lowest price and the lowest environmental impact during the 25 years period. Presented study showed that this approach provides several acceptable solutions among which the decision maker can make a choice in accordance with his/her needs and wishes.

scholarly journals Understanding the Reasons behind the Energy Performance Gap of an Energy-Efficient Building, through a Probabilistic Approach and On-Site Measurements

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6178
Author(s):  
Pierryves Padey ◽  
Kyriaki Goulouti ◽  
Guy Wagner ◽  
Blaise Périsset ◽  
Sébastien Lasvaux
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Performance Gap ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Energy Efficient Building

The performance gap, defined as the difference between the measured and the calculated performance of energy-efficient buildings, has long been identified as a major issue in the building domain. The present study aims to better understand the performance gap in high-energy performance buildings in Switzerland, in an ex-post evaluation. For an energy-efficient building, the measured heating demand, collected through a four-year measurement campaign was compared to the calculated one and the results showed that the latter underestimates the real heating demand by a factor of two. As a way to reduce the performance gap, a probabilistic framework was proposed so that the different uncertainties of the model could be considered. By comparing the mean of the probabilistic heating demand to the measured one, it was shown that the performance gap was between 20–30% for the examined period. Through a sensitivity analysis, the active air flow and the shading factor were identified as the most influential parameters on the uncertainty of the heating demand, meaning that their wrong adjustment, in reality, or in the simulations, would increase the performance gap.

scholarly journals The Radiation-Dominated Universe in Nonstandard Cosmology

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Scharf ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spherically Symmetric ◽  
Velocity Perturbation ◽  
Model Universe ◽  
Cosmic Evolution ◽  
Big Crunch ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
Irregular Singular Points

We continue the recent study of our model theory of low-density cosmology without dark matter. We assume a purely radiative spherically symmetric background and treat matter as anisotropic perturbations. Einstein’s equations for the background are solved numerically. We find two irregular singular points, one is the Big Bang and the other a Big Crunch. The radiation temperature continues to decrease for another 0.21 Hubble times and then starts to increase towards infinity. Then we derive the four evolution equations for the anisotropic perturbations. In the Regge- Wheeler gauge there are three metric perturbations and a radial velocity perturbation. The solution of these equations allow a detailed discussion of the cosmic evolution of the model universe under study.

scholarly journals THE BIG BANG AS THE ULTIMATE TRAFFIC JAM

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 2257-2263 ◽  
Author(s):  
VISHNU JEJJALA ◽  
MICHAEL KAVIC ◽  
DJORDJE MINIC ◽  
CHIA-HSIUNG TZE
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Theory ◽  
Geodesic Distance ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Final State ◽  
Physical Description ◽  
Infinite Dimensional ◽  
Big Crunch ◽  
Generally Covariant ◽  
The Big Bang

We present a novel solution to the nature and formation of the initial state of the Universe. It derives from the physics of a generally covariant extension of matrix theory. We focus on the dynamical state space of this background-independent quantum theory of gravity and matter — an infinite-dimensional, complex, nonlinear Grassmannian. When this space is endowed with a Fubini–Study-like metric, the associated geodesic distance between any two of its points is zero. This striking mathematical result translates into a physical description of a hot, zero-entropy Big Bang. The latter is then seen as a far-from-equilibrium, large-fluctuation-driven, metastable ordered transition — a "freezing by heating" jamming transition. Moreover, the subsequent unjamming transition could provide a mechanism for inflation while rejamming may model a Big Crunch, the final state of gravitational collapse.

Research on New Technology of Energy Efficient Buildings and Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources

2011 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Ya Guang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Building Technology ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
Energy Efficient Building

Current social development is pressing for energy efficient buildings. The trend of consistent updating of energy-efficient building technology reflects the importance and urgency of energy efficiency in buildings. Through analysis on the current situation of building development, it can be obtained that the energy efficient buildings as well as utilization of renewable energy sources in buildings will be bound to be one of main topics for discussion in future building design.

A Review of Aerogels and Their Application as a Multi-functional Building Material

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 564-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Ge Yan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Silica Aerogels ◽  
Material Characterisation ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
Acoustic Insulation ◽  
New Material ◽  
New Type ◽  
Energy Efficient Building

This paper will provide a review of the current research on the material characterisation and mechanical behaviour of polymer enhanced silica aerogels. Aerogels have been in existence for many years; however, the engineering applications of aerogels have been limited due to their poor mechanical behaviour. Recently a new type of polymer enhanced silica aerogel, a nanostructured form of silica has been developed. The new material is having a low density, very low thermal conductivity, excellent acoustic insulation and high mechanical which makes it ideal for energy efficient building material. This paper will discuss the start-of-the-art development of this material and issues to apply the material in energy efficient buildings.

Direct-space solution in theEXPOpackage: the combination of the HBB–BC algorithm with GRASP

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Altomare ◽  
Nicola Corriero ◽  
Corrado Cuocci ◽  
Aurelia Falcicchio ◽  
Anna Moliterni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computation Time ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Adaptive Search ◽  
Global Optimization Algorithm ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Structure Solution ◽  
Big Crunch ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Annealing Method

The hybrid big bang–big crunch algorithm is a combination of a global optimization algorithm inspired by one of the theories of the evolution of the universe, named the big bang and big crunch theory, and the simulated annealing method. The procedure was implemented in the latest version of the programEXPOand applied to crystal-structure solution from powder diffraction data. Several aspects of the hybrid big bang–big crunch algorithm can be further optimized with the aim of obtaining good quality solutions in a shorter computation time. In the present study, the hybrid big bang–big crunch procedure has been combined with the greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP) and some steps of the algorithm have been improved. The new approach, implemented in theEXPOpackage, has been successfully tested on numerous known crystal structures.

scholarly journals Fast Tuning of the PID Controller in An HVAC System Using the Big Bang–Big Crunch Algorithm and FPGA Technology

Algorithms ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoalnasir Almabrok ◽  
Mihalis Psarakis ◽  
Anastasios Dounis
Keyword(s):  
Pid Controller ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Proportional Integral Derivative ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Big Crunch ◽  
Evolution Algorithm ◽  
The Big Bang

This article presents a novel technique for the fast tuning of the parameters of the proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller of a second-order heat, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. The HVAC systems vary greatly in size, control functions and the amount of consumed energy. The optimal design and power efficiency of an HVAC system depend on how fast the integrated controller, e.g., PID controller, is adapted in the changes of the environmental conditions. In this paper, to achieve high tuning speed, we rely on a fast convergence evolution algorithm, called Big Bang–Big Crunch (BB–BC). The BB–BC algorithm is implemented, along with the PID controller, in an FPGA device, in order to further accelerate of the optimization process. The FPGA-in-the-loop (FIL) technique is used to connect the FPGA board (i.e., the PID and BB–BC subsystems) with the plant (i.e., MATLAB/Simulink models of HVAC) in order to emulate and evaluate the entire system. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed technique in terms of optimization accuracy and convergence speed compared with other optimization approaches for the tuning of the PID parameters: sw implementation of the BB–BC, genetic algorithm (GA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO).

European Union Between the Big Bang and the Big Crunch

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Vicenç Fernández Alarcón ◽  
Shahrazad Hadad ◽  
Simona Irina Goia
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Big Crunch ◽  
The Big Bang

scholarly journals The Effect of Density on the Delicate Balance between Structural Requirements and Environmental Issues for AAC Blocks: An Experimental Investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13186
Author(s):  
Daniele Ferretti ◽  
Elena Michelini
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Mechanical Index ◽  
Material Density ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
Optimum Material ◽  
Energy Efficient Building

Among other construction materials, Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) offers several advantages to face the pressing need to build more sustainable and energy-efficient buildings. From the building side, the low thermal conductivity of AAC allows the realization of energy-efficient building envelopes, with interesting savings in terms of heating and cooling processes. The equilibrium between structural performances (related to safety issues) and energy efficiency requirements is, however, very delicate since it is strictly related to the search for an “optimum” material density. Within this context, this work discusses the results of wide experimental research, showing the dependency of the most important mechanical properties (compressive strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength and fracture energy) from density, as well as the corresponding variation in thermal conductivity. In order to identify the better compromise solution, a sort of eco-mechanical index is also defined. The big challenge for future researches will be the improvement of this eco-mechanical index by working on pore structure and pore distribution within the material without significantly reducing the density and/or by improving the strength of the skeleton material.

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