In Situ Measurement of Thermal Resistance of Building Envelope at the Residential Occupancy in Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 771 ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Sujatmiko ◽  
Hermawan Kresno Dipojono ◽  
F.X. Nugroho Soelami ◽  
Soegijanto
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Building Wall ◽  
Ashrae Standards ◽  
Building Walls

Abstract. This paper presents the measurement results of three building wall materials which are commonly used for residential housings in Indonesia, namely clay brick, batako (concrete brick), and precast concrete. In-situ measurement of the steady state thermal flow (heat flux) at building walls (envelopes) is conducted in order to determine the thermal resistance of building wall according to ASTM C1155. The results show that all three building materials having a thermal resistance values are far below the energy conservation provisions of ASHRAE 90.1 and especially when compared to the provision of high performance green building ASHRAE 189.1 It is found that precast concrete has higher thermal resistance (or has lower thermal conductivity) than that of other two materials, hence a better compliance to the ASHRAE standards.

scholarly journals Novel active method for the estimation of a building wall thermal resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 14008
Author(s):  
Adrien François ◽  
Laurent Ibos ◽  
Vincent Feuillet ◽  
Johann Meulemans
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Building Wall ◽  
High Thermal Inertia

The thermal resistance of a wall can be readily measured in steady-state. However, such a state is seldomly achieved in a building because of the variation of outdoor conditions as well as the high thermal inertia of building materials. This paper introduces a novel active (dynamic) method to measure the thermal resistance of a building wall. Not only are active approaches less sensitive to external temperature variations, they also enable to perform measurements within only a few hours. In the proposed methodology, an artificial thermal load is applied to a wall (heating of the indoor air) and its thermal response is monitored. Inverse techniques are used with a reduced model to estimate the value of the thermal resistance of a wall from the measured temperatures and heat fluxes. The methodology was validated on a known load-bearing wall built inside a climate chamber. The results were in good agreement with reference values derived from a steady-state characterization of the wall. The method also demonstrated a good reproducibility.

Evaluation on CO2 Emission of Light Weight Steel Housing in Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 1325-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Sheng Chang ◽  
Kuei Peng Lee ◽  
Wen Sheng Ou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Rc Buildings ◽  
The Government ◽  
Building Policy

The reinforced concrete (RC) buildings commonly used in Taiwan not only create great pollutions in material manufacturing and construction phases but also destroy the environment. On the other hand, the light weight steel buildings are safe, healthy, comfortable, producing less waste, and environmental friendly. Therefore, light weight steel buildings have been promoted in Taiwan by the government as an important “green building” policy. In Taiwan, there is still a large market of low rise light weight steel housing. To promote light weight steel housing in Taiwan, we should evaluate its influence on environment. In this research, we established a CO2 emission database for light weight steel building materials and calculated CO2 emission for a light weight steel house. The results showed that a low rise light weight steel house has 39% less CO2 emission than an RC house in the same scale. A light weight steel house has a good building envelope that decreases energy consumption of air-condition by 35.42-42.95%. Therefore, a light weight steel house has less CO2 emission from building materials and energy consumption than an RC house.

The Timber-Precast UHPC Composite Connection

2018 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Holý ◽  
Lukáš Vráblík
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Slabs ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Timber Beams

This paper deals with the connection of timber beams and precast concrete slabs. The connection of timber and concrete has many advantages associated with the efficient use of both materials, not only in terms of their stress. Timber is a natural renewable material. It can be achieved some savings of volume of the concrete by its application and thereby also reducing of the environmental burden. By the combining of the timber and ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), it can be designed very subtle, bearable, aesthetic and durable structures. The conventional timber-concrete composite structures are most often realized by joining of the timber beams and the cast in-situ reinforced concrete slabs. However, the cast in-situ slab is not very suitable for UHPC application and it has some structural disadvantages, in particular the need to protect the timber beams against moisture penetration from the fresh concrete mix, the need for formwork, etc. The prefabrication eliminates some disadvantages of the cast in-situ design, increases the quality of the structure and speeds up the construction process. In the case of the timber-concrete composite structures, the prefabrication has a positive impact on the reduction of the concrete shrinkage projections as the development of deflections and the redistribution of internal forces between the connected parts of the cross-section. Some special coupling elements must be used for connection in the case of precast slabs. This paper summarizes the research findings in the field of development of special coupling elements for composite timber-precast concrete structures. The development of the new coupling elements for pedestrian and cyclist timber-UHPC composite footbridges is presented.

scholarly journals A Comparative Simulation Study of the Thermal Performances of the Building Envelope Wall Materials in the Tropics

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusrat Jannat ◽  
Aseel Hussien ◽  
Badr Abdullah ◽  
Alison Cotgrave
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Building Wall ◽  
Wall Materials ◽  
Building Walls ◽  
The Tropics

The building walls which form the major part of the building envelope thermally interact with the changing surrounding environment throughout the day influencing the indoor thermal comfort of the space. This paper aims at assessing in detail the different aspects (thermophysical properties, thickness, exposure to solar heat gain, etc.) of opaque building wall materials affecting the indoor thermal environment and energy efficiency of the buildings in tropical climate (in the summer and winter days) by conducting simplified simulation analysis using the Integrated Environmental Solutions Virtual Environment (IES-VE) program. Besides, the thermal efficiency of a number of selected wall materials with different thermal properties and wall configurations was analysed to determine the most optimal option for the studied climate. This study first developed the conditions for parametric simulation analysis and then addressed selected findings by comparing the thermal responses of the materials to moderate outdoor temperature and energy-saving potential. While energy consumption estimation for a complete operational building is a complex method by which the performance of the wall materials cannot be properly defined, as a result, this simplistic simulation approach can guide the designers to preliminary analyse the different building wall materials in order to select the best thermal efficiency solution.

scholarly journals Thermal Resistance of Insulated Precast Concrete Sandwich Panels

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sani Mohammed Bida ◽  
Farah Nora Aznieta Abdul Aziz ◽  
Mohd Saleh Jaafar ◽  
Farzad Hejazi ◽  
Nabilah Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Sandwich Panels ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Control Panel ◽  
Shear Connectors ◽  
Shear Connection ◽  
Concrete Layer ◽  
Structural Applications

AbstractMany nations are already working toward full implementation of energy efficiency in buildings known as Green Building. In line with this perspective, this paper aims to develop a thermally efficient precast concrete sandwich panels (PCSP) for structural applications. Therefore, an experimental investigation was carried out to determine the thermal resistance of the proposed PCSP using Hotbox method and the results were validated using finite element method (FEM) in COMSOL Multiphysics Software. The PCSP were designed with staggered shear connectors to avoid thermal bridges between the successive layers. The staggered connectors are spaced at 200 mm, 300 mm and 400 mm on each concrete layer, while the control panel is designed with 200 mm direct shear connection. In the experimental test, four (4) panels of 500 mm × 500 mm and 150 mm thick were subjected to Hotbox Test to determine the thermal resistance. The result shows that thermal resistance of the PCSP with staggered shear connection increases with increase in spacing. The PCSP with 400 mm staggered shear connectors indicates the best thermal efficiency with a thermal resistance (R value) of 2.48 m2K/W. The thermal performance was verified by FEA which shows less than 5% error coupled with a precise prediction of surface temperature gradient. This indicates that, with conventional materials, thermal path approach can be used to develop a precast concrete building with better thermal resistant properties. Hopefully, stakeholders in the green building industry would find this proposed PCSP as an alternative energy efficient load bearing panel towards sustainable and greener buildings.

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