scholarly journals Sustainable Extensive On-Site Constructed Wetland for some Bacteriological Reduction in Kitchen Greywater

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1199-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwaruddin Ahmed Wurochekke ◽  
Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed ◽  
Siti Asmah binti Lokman Halim ◽  
Amir Hashim bin Mohd Kassim ◽  
Rafidah binti Hamdan

Malaysia is experiencing water pollution crisis recently. In particular, greywater discharge directly to drains. Therefore, a greywater treatment system was designed to overcome this drain pollution. To investigate the operation and performance of the treatment system, constructed wetland was designed and builds for a small single household. Lepironia Articulata was chosen for populating wetland. The wetland was supplied with kitchen greywater. The selected house is appropriate because it lacks proper drainage system. This study evaluates the characteristic of kitchen greywater before and after treatment. The quality parameters of greywater that involve in this study are Total Coliform and E-coli. The range for reduction efficiency for Total Suspended Solid was 16.02 to 60.56, E.coli was 26% to 51% and Total Coliform was 5% to 63%. Generally, this study showed improved kitchen greywater quality before discharging to the nearest water body. The findings can be used significantly to enhance the knowledge in constructed wetland where it can serve as effective and integrated solutions for managing greywater discharging using control at source approach. A constructed wetland was best chosen due to its good visual impact, removal efficiency of organic material and other pollutant, as well economical.

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Kadek Diana Harmayani

The Mangusada Regional General Hospital (RSD) as a provider of health facilities certainly produces liquid waste in every operational activity. Wastewater in the Wastewater Treatment Installation (WWTI) RSD Mangusada contains Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), ammonia, total coliform, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), detergent, oil and fat. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the WWTI as well as to determine the content in the wastewater after being treated by the IPAL RSD Mangusada according to the reference quality standards of the Governor of Bali Regulation No.16/2016 and Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Number: P.68/Menlhk/Setjen/Kum.1/8/2016. The wastewater treatment system at RSD Mangusada uses a biological system. The data used in the analysis are secondary data, namely the Bed Occupation Rate (BOR) data in June 2020, the total number of beds, the average discharge of outlets in June 2020 and parameters of the quality and quantity of wastewater in the inlet and outlet of WWTI from January 2020 to July 2020. Based on the results of testing the quality and quantity of wastewater at the WWTI of RSD Mangusada outlet, the content of waste water in the outlet of WWTI is in accordance with the regulatory standards for the reference quality standards. In addition, the effectiveness of the efficiency of the WWTI at RSD Mangusada succeeded in reducing the ammonia content of 92.35%, BOD5 64.03%, COD 63.97%, TSS 67.03%, oil and fat 64.64%, total coliform 76.84%. , and detergent at 76.25%. But the efficiency of the WWTI of RSD Mangusada was not good enough in reducing the TDS content of -3.92%.  


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Widya Astuti ◽  
Mersi Suriani Sinaga

Laundry waste dominant comes from clothes softener and detergent which is one of the environmentally inhospitable material (non-biodegraduble) soit has to be processed before dumped into the waste. The basic material that use in this research is waste laundry. The purpose of this research is to decrease phosphate and surfactant content by biosand filter method which using active carbon adsorbent with ratio of mixed waste laundry and nutrition is 100%:0, 75%:25%, and 50%:50% (in % volume) by anaerobic process. The parameter that being analyzed are Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Volatile Suspended Solid (VSS), daily pH also Phosphate and Surfactant before and after being processed anaerobically. pH for this research arranged in range 6,9-7,5. The largest volume in VSS ratio is 63,55%, COD percentage is 53,67%, phosphate percentage is 74,32%, and surfactant is 53,54%. The reduction of phosphate and surfactant value result by the present of contaminate layer (biofilm) in tank so that produce phosphate and surfactant that have been fill quality based on government regulation of the Republic Indonesia No. 82 of 2001.


Author(s):  
. Mustaruddin ◽  
Domu Simbolon ◽  
Mohammad Khotib

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Segara Anakan, Cilacap Regency is an important marine fisheries producer in Central Java <br />Province, especially for shrimps. The objective of this study were to analyze the production and <br />fishing ground of shrimps, to analyze dynamic patterns of shrimps cat ch affected by sedimentation <br />and  industrial waste in Segara  Anakan, and to develop intervention option to the degradation  of <br />shrimp  catch  as  well.   Some  methods  were  used  in  this  study  such  as  descriptive  method, <br />geographic information system, and dynamic model approach included the test of model structural <br />stability and performance. In  2002–2013, the highest production of shrimps in the Segara Anakan <br />was in 2006 (2263.0 ton) and the lowest was in 2010 (884.7 ton). Fishing ground of shrimp in the <br />Segara  Anakan  already  had high total suspended solid, and also  low contaminated oil and  lead <br />(Pb). Results of dynamic model analysis showed that shrimp catch degraded exponentially along <br />with the increasing of sediment accumulation and industrial waste. Shrimps production in 2013 was <br />1147.8  tons,  and  might  decrease   43.04  %  to  be  653.8  tons  over  75  years  later  without <br />intervention. If the model was intervenced by fishing open -close system and limited acces fishing <br />ground,  hence  shrimps  catch  showing  stable  around  902.2–929.1  ton  every  year.  While  if  the <br />intervention was conducted by the stopping of industrial waste to Segara Anakan, hence shrimps <br />catch only decrease 13.00 % to be 998.6 tons over 75 years later.<br /><br />Keywords: dynamic model, fishing ground, industrial waste, shrimp catch</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><strong></strong>ABSTRAK<br />Segara Anakan, Kabupaten Cilacap merupakan basis produksi perikanan laut yang penting <br />di  Provinsi  Jawa  Tengah  terutama  jenis  udang.   Penelitian  ini  bertujuan  menganalisis  kondisi <br />produksi dan daerah penangkapan udang, menganalisis pola dinamis penurunan hasil tangkapan <br />udang  akibat  pengaruh  pengendapan  dan  pembuangan  limbah  industri  di  kawasan  Segara <br />Anakan,  serta  mengembangkan  alternatif  intervensi  secara  modelling  terhadap  penurunan <br />tersebut.  Metode  yang  digunakan  terdiri  dari  metode  deskriptif,  sistem  informasi  geografi, <br />pendekatan  model  dinamis,  serta  uji  kestabilan  struktur  dan  kinerja  model.  Pada  periode  tahun <br />2002  –  2013, produksi tertinggi udang terjadi pada tahun 2006 (2263,0 ton) dan terendah terjadi <br />pada tahun 2010 (884,7 ton). Daerah penangkapan udang di kawasan Segara Anakan mempunyai <br />total padatan tersuspensi dan kekeruhan yang tinggi, serta tercemar ring an oleh minyak dan logam timbal. Analisis model dinamis menunjukkan bahwa hasil tangkapan udang cenderung menurun <br />secara eksponensial seiring meningkatnya akumulasi endapan  dan cemaran limbah industri dari <br />waktu  ke  waktu.  Hasil  tangkapan  udang  yang  saat  ini  (tahun  2013)  mencapai  1147,8  ton,  bisa <br />menurun 43,04 % menjadi 653,8 ton setelah 75 tahun kemudian. Bila model tersebut diintervensi <br />dalam  bentuk  penerapan  sistem  open-close  dan  pembatasan  daerah  penangkapan  yang  bisa <br />diakses,  maka  hasil  tangkapan  udang  cenderung  stabil  pada  kisaran  angka  902,2  –  929,1  ton <br />setiap  tahunnya.   Akan  tetapi  bila  intervensi  dilakukan  dalam  bentuk  penghentian  pembuangan <br />limbah industri ke kawasan Segara  Anakan  dan sekitarnya, maka hasil  tangkapan udang hanya <br />turun 13,00 % (menjadi 998,6 ton) setelah 75 tahun kemudian.<br /><br />Kata kunci: model dinamis, daerah penangkapan, limbah industri, hasil tangkapan udang</p>


2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Szabó ◽  
A. Osztoics ◽  
F. Szilágyi

Over the last few decades more and more natural wastewater treatment systems have been built in Hungary. The present study is the first step in creating a broad database on the water quality parameters and on the pollutant removal efficiency of these systems. The investigation included 78 plants out of which we analysed 16 systems in detail. Four types of natural methods are evaluated: wetlands, ponds, bio-mechanical combined oxidation (BMKO) systems, and poplar plantations. Pond systems are efficient in ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N) removal, reducing it with 83% (41-88%). Their chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) removal capacity is only 55% (37-81%). The only BMKO system that could be evaluated performs high CODCr (77%) and total suspended solid (TSS) (89%) removal. Removal of NH4-N and total nitrogen (TN) declines during the years of operation giving an average value of 39% and 49%, respectively. The system is not efficient in phosphorus removal (13%). In wetlands the 71% CODCr (53-96%), and 57% TSS (33-91%) removal provides satisfactory effluent quality most of the time. Wetlands performed low nutrient removal, i.e., 17% (-21-46%) for TN and 26% (-20-92%) for phosphorus. Poplar plantations are very effective in pollutant removal. Even the average removal of each nutrient type is above 75%. Several problems have occurred in the operation of natural treatment systems. However, if carefully planned and constructed, and the required maintenance work is done properly, they can be possible alternatives for wastewater treatment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kholis Normania Laily ◽  
Muhammad Amin ◽  
Dwi Sat Agus Yuwana

<p>Kawasan pesisir erat kaitannya dengan perubahan sifat perairan yang terjadi akibat kegiatan manusia, salah satunya yaitu berasal dari air limbah domestik. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan pada pemukiman pesisir Pantai Blebak Kabupaten Jepara, menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat masih membuang air limbah langsung ke badan tanah tanpa melakukan pengolahan, sehingga mencemari kualitas air tanah. Oleh karena itu diperlukan metode dalam pengolahan air limbah.</p><p> </p><p>Penelitian ini menggunakan metode <em>Constructed Wetland Subsurface Flow Horizontal</em> dengan tanaman <em>Typha angustifolia,</em> <em>Cladium</em>, dan<em> Dracaena sanderiana</em>. Parameter senyawa yang ditinjau adalah BOD (<em>Biochemical Oxygen Demand</em>), COD (<em>Chemical Oxygen Demand</em>), dan TSS (<em>Total Suspended Solid</em>). Pengolahan dilakukan dengan waktu detensi 3,6, dan 9 hari. Sedangkan analisis<em> </em>data yang digunakan yaitu analisis uji Anova.</p><p> </p><p>Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai penyisihan tertinggi kadar BOD, COD, dan TSS terjadi pada waktu detensi ke -9 hari. Penyisihan kadar BOD tertinggi yaitu sebesar 90,24%, untuk parameter COD yaitu sebesar 90,46%, sedangkan penyisihan TSS tertinggi yaitu sebebesar 90,61%.</p>


2013 ◽  
Vol 701 ◽  
pp. 333-336
Author(s):  
Shamshinar binti Salehuddin ◽  
Nur Liza Rahim ◽  
Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd Amirul Hafiz Bin Ilias

Geotextile is one of material in engineering field. In this research, nonwoven geotextile is used at road shoulder to flow clean water to the drainage system since it can act as a filter. The purpose of this research are to determine the ability of nonwoven geotextile as filter media and identify the quality of the filtered water before and after placing the nonwoven geotextile. Therefore, the road shoulder is designed to show the filtering process. Based on the JKR Manual On Pavement Design, a minimum thickness for soil and aggregate is 100 mm and each layer is compacted. However, the actual thickness is not being used because it is only to show the ability of nonwoven geotextile in filtering process and its consequence of using it. Two small scale models are created, first is with nonwoven geotextile and another one is without geotextile which aims to show the difference. Tank size 350 x 200 x 240 mm is used for placing material same as road shoulder such as nonwoven geotextile, sand, soil, and aggregates which form in three layers. Water was poured in the road shoulder model. Then the water sample flow out from the tank was tested in terms of level of turbidity and suspended solids contained in the water. Base on the results, it shows that the use of nonwoven geotextile can reduce almost 100% of suspended solid and turbidity of the water from flow into drainage system. As conclusion, the use of nonwoven geotextile at road shoulder can contribute positive impact to reduce the level of water pollution.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemei Li ◽  
Tingbing Zhu ◽  
Yongfeng He ◽  
Xingbing Wu ◽  
Yongjiu Zhu ◽  
...  

Abstract In this study, the eutrophication levels and nitrogen and phosphorus carrying capacities of Lake Changhu in Jingzhou city, Hubei province, China, were measured using the trophic level index (TLI) and Dillon model. The measurements were taken before (2013 and 2015) and after (2017 and 2018) the removal of pen aquaculture from the lake. The lake was divided into three districts: Lake Haizihu, Mahongtai Channel and Lake Dahu. The results showed total nitrogen (TN), chemical oxygen demand (COD), chlorophyll a (Chl-a), and total suspended solid (TSS) values were significantly higher in 2017 than in the other years. The Lake Haizihu district was predicted to be more seriously polluted than the other districts. In the sediment, the organic matter, STN (TN in sediment) and STP (TP in sediment) contents increased from 2013 to 2018. The mean TLI values ranged from 62.99 to 78.93 in the studied years, and the eutrophication level was highest in 2017. According to the Dillon model, when the target water quality was level III (GB 3838 − 2002, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, 2002), the remaining TN and TP loading capacities were − 1470.72 t/a and − 182.74 t/a, respectively, in 2015, and 320.03 t/a and − 111.14 t/a, respectively, in 2018. The study provide valuable information about the actual water conditions of Lake Changhu, which will help to inform decision-making for the management of water environments.


Author(s):  
Muchlisin Arief ◽  
Syifa Wismayati Adawiah ◽  
Maryani Hartuti ◽  
Ety Parwati

Remote sensing technique is a powerful tool for monitoring the coastal zone. Optical sensors can be used to measure water quality parameters Total Suspended Matter (MPT). In order to be able to extract information MPT, the satellite data need to be validated with in situ measurements that make the relationship between the reflectance band with concentration MPT measurement results. In this model, do the correlation between the measurement results with the reflectance values band 3 and band 4. then obtained a linear equation, then calculated using the argument of a ratio of 60:75 to each of the correlation coefficient, the obtained linear equation two Dimension T (X3, X4) = 2313.77 X3 + 4741.11 X4 + 314.95. Based on the concentration MPT of dated June 3, 2015 was lower than in the west to the east. this is because the east is already contaminated with the plant, effluent solids by humans, while the west for still many floating net fish, and mangrove. Based on the results of measurement and calculation results , is still far from perfect (accuracy 60%), one factor is the value thresholding, when determining the boundary between: clouds, sea, and land. Generally indicates that the model is still in need for repair. Abstrak Penginderaan jauh adalah alat yang ampuh untuk memantau zona pesisir. Sensor optik dapat digunakan untuk mengukur parameter kualitas air Total Suspended Solid/Muatan Padatan Tersuspensi (MPT). Agar supaya dapat mengekstraksi informasi MPT, maka, data satelit perlu divalidasi dengan pengukuran in situ yaitu membuat hubungan antara reflektansi band dengan konsentrasi MPT hasil pengukuran. Pada model ini, dilakukan korelasi antara hasil pengukuran dengan nilai reflektansi band3 dan band4, maka diperoleh persamaan linier, kemudian dihitung dengan menggunakan dalil perbandingan 60 : 75, untuk masing-masing koefisien korelasinya, maka diperoleh persamaan linier dua dimensi T(X3,X4) = 2313.77 X3 + 4741,11 X4 + 314.95.  Berdasarkan konsentrasi MPT  pada 3 Juni 2015 di sebelah baratlebih rendah dibandingkan sebelah timur. Hal ini dikarenakan sebelah timur sudah terkontaminasi dengan pabrik, buangan benda padat oleh manusia, sedangkan sebelah barat karena masih banyak keramba jaring apung ikan dan mangrove. Berdasarkan hasilnya antara pengukuran dan hasil perhitungan, masih jauh dari sempuna (ketelitiannya 60 %), salah satu faktornya adalah dalam menentukan nilai thresholding, pada saat  menentukan batas antara: awan, laut dan darat. Secara umum menunjukkan bahwa model yang masih membutuhkan perbaikan.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Noor Wahyuningsih ◽  
Suharsono Suharsono ◽  
Zhikry Fitrian

Kualitas perairan sangat dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas yang terjadi di sekitar perairan tersebut. Aktivitas perairan yang semakin tinggi lambat laun akan mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas perairan baik secara fisik, kimia maupun biologi yang pada akhirnya akan menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas sumberdaya pesisir dan laut. Kota Bontang sebagai salah satu daerah di Kalimantan Timur terkenal dengan hasil perikanannya berupa hasil laut dan hasil olahan perikanan, selain itu juga dikenal sebagai kota industri tentunya kegiatan pemantauan lingkungan melalui pengujian kualitas air harus dilakukan. secara teratur. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui status kualitas air laut berdasarkan parameter fisik, kimia dan biologi di perairan Kota Bontang. Pengambilan sampel kualitas air dilakukan pada bulan November 2020 di 6 (enam) stasiun penelitian menggunakan botol niskin dan dianalisis di laboratorium Pusat Penelitian dan Standardisasi Industri Samarinda, kemudian hasilnya dibandingkan dengan baku mutu air laut untuk biota laut berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup. Nomor 51 Tahun 2004 Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter yang tidak sesuai dengan baku mutu meliputi parameter suhu, pH, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Amonia, Nitrat, Timbal dan Total Coliform. Parameter yang melebihi baku mutu akan berdampak pada terganggunya fungsi ekologi ekosistem di perairan dan terjadinya penurunan kualitas air laut baik secara fisik, kimia maupun biologi yang berakibat pada penurunan daya guna, hasil guna, produktivitas, daya dukung dan daya tampung sumberdaya perairan sehingga pada akhirnya akan menurunkan kekayaan sumberdaya alam.


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