Model of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emission from Motorcycle to the Manufactures, Engine Displacement, Service Life and Travel Speed

2015 ◽  
Vol 776 ◽  
pp. 361-370
Author(s):  
Agah Muhammad Mulyadi ◽  
Samsi Gunarta
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
The Road ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
On The Road ◽  
One Year ◽  
Method Analysis

By the end of 2012 the population of motorcycle reached 77.7 million units with their average composition on the road reached 82%. The number of motorcycles produce CO2 emissions which have a negative impact on global warming. Global warming occurs because the greenhouse effect of CO2 in the atmosphere absorb heat energy and obstructed the heat from the atmosphere to the higher surface.The data collected in this research is the data of motorcycles fuel consumption. The method of data processing by converting the fuel consumption data to CO2 emissions using the equation of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) AMS-III Methology. The purpose of this research is to create models of CO2 emissions on a motorcycle against several influential independent variables such as manufacture, service life, engine displacement (cc) and travel speed. Method analysis using correlation and regression analysis.Based on the regression analysis, the best combination that produces the lowest value of CO2 is a motorcycle with a combination of manufacture number 2, 5 years service life, engine displacement of 111-149 cc and travel speed of 60 km/h. Whereas from the the correlations analysis obtained the motorcycle of manufacture number 2 able to decrease up to 15% CO2 and motorcycles with engine displacement of 111-149 cc is able to reduce CO2 emission from 17% to 43%. While the service life of one year to six years resulting CO2 emissions which relatively similar with only difference of 15%. Furthermore, the travel speed of 60 km/h able to reduce CO2 emissions by up to 62%.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS OF PITSUNDSKAYA PINE IN THE SEASIDE AREA OF GELENDZHIK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Derevenets ◽  
Elizaveta Derevenets
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Road ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Gelendzhik is the resort town, there aren't a lot of industrial enterprises here. The main pollutant is transport. The work purpose is the assessment of a condition of the artificial landings of a pine located along the Federal highway "Don" and landings, which is nearly the sea coast. Researches were conducted to a standard technique of the General vital state (A. S. Bogolyubov). The assessment of a condition of pines was carried out during 6 years: from 2010 to 2015. For carrying out research we used 6 experimental grounds on the Markotkhsky spine and 2 control grounds within the town. We investigated 24 trees on each platform, middle age of the trees were 30 - 40 years. Results. 1. The condition of trees in the pine forests located in immediate proximity with the Federal highway "Don" (No. 1, 2, 3) is unsatisfactory. As even weak influences of the majority of atmospheric gaseous pollutants (sulphurous gas, nitrogen oxides, etc.) give effect of a necrosis and hloroz of pine needles, the condition of pines is connected with technogenic pollution. So near the Federal highway "Don" the air environment is strongly polluted by exhaust gases. Information of 2012 confirm that negative influence of the route on Markotkh's vegetation decreases at reduction of load of the route. 2. On the sites located above on a slope (No. 4,5,6) thanks to remoteness and the wind mode intensity of influence of pollutants is lower and a condition of pines the quite satisfactory. 3. Trees on the sites located near the sea (No. 7,8) are in a good shape. Small deterioration of a state is noted in very droughty years. Conclusion. Results of six years' research show that the condition of the plantings which are in close proximity with the road worsens. It is explained by increase in intensity of the movement on the road, especially during a resort season. Gelendzhik is the city with a good ecological shape, but the damage to environment is already caused. If not to take measures, we can lose a unique part of the nature in the future, recreate it will be impossible. Measures of reduction of negative impact of exhaust gases were offered. Results of researches are transferred to ecological department of the City administration of Gelendzhik.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS OF PITSUNDSKAYA PINE IN THE SEASIDE AREA OF GELENDZHIK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Derevenets ◽  
Elizaveta Derevenets
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Road ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Gelendzhik is the resort town, there aren't a lot of industrial enterprises here. The main pollutant is transport. The work purpose is the assessment of a condition of the artificial landings of a pine located along the Federal highway "Don" and landings, which is nearly the sea coast. Researches were conducted to a standard technique of the General vital state (A. S. Bogolyubov). The assessment of a condition of pines was carried out during 6 years: from 2010 to 2015. For carrying out research we used 6 experimental grounds on the Markotkhsky spine and 2 control grounds within the town. We investigated 24 trees on each platform, middle age of the trees were 30 - 40 years. Results. 1. The condition of trees in the pine forests located in immediate proximity with the Federal highway "Don" (No. 1, 2, 3) is unsatisfactory. As even weak influences of the majority of atmospheric gaseous pollutants (sulphurous gas, nitrogen oxides, etc.) give effect of a necrosis and hloroz of pine needles, the condition of pines is connected with technogenic pollution. So near the Federal highway "Don" the air environment is strongly polluted by exhaust gases. Information of 2012 confirm that negative influence of the route on Markotkh's vegetation decreases at reduction of load of the route. 2. On the sites located above on a slope (No. 4,5,6) thanks to remoteness and the wind mode intensity of influence of pollutants is lower and a condition of pines the quite satisfactory. 3. Trees on the sites located near the sea (No. 7,8) are in a good shape. Small deterioration of a state is noted in very droughty years. Conclusion. Results of six years' research show that the condition of the plantings which are in close proximity with the road worsens. It is explained by increase in intensity of the movement on the road, especially during a resort season. Gelendzhik is the city with a good ecological shape, but the damage to environment is already caused. If not to take measures, we can lose a unique part of the nature in the future, recreate it will be impossible. Measures of reduction of negative impact of exhaust gases were offered. Results of researches are transferred to ecological department of the City administration of Gelendzhik.

In the Light and on the Road

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Crabtree
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Early America ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Women's Ministry ◽  
The Road ◽  
Cultural Expectations ◽  
Female Autonomy ◽  
On The Road ◽  
One Year ◽  
Gendered Expectations

Patience Brayton (1734–94), a Quaker itinerant minister from Rhode Island, completed two extended journeys: one year-long trip covering the American seaboard and a four-year trek through Ireland and Britain. These journeys required her to leave her husband and young children, navigate hazardous travel conditions, endure incapacitating illnesses (often alone), and contend with those hostile to women’s ministry. This chapter contrasts these feats with post-Revolutionary ideas about the weakness of women’s bodies and minds, arguing Brayton’s narrative resolved this conflict by reiterating her own discomfort with these anomalous experiences and by attributing her strength and success to God. Thus, although her journal documented myriad examples of female autonomy and authority, descriptions of her travels, absences, illnesses, and silences conformed to gendered expectations. While ‘in the light’ Quaker women may have stretched gender norms in early America, they could not escape the gendered boundaries of cultural expectations while ‘on the road’.

scholarly journals Development of the "Technical Service" Program for Enterprises Working with the GLONASS System and Containing a Large Vehicle Fleet

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Р.Д. Адакин ◽  
И.М. Соцкая
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Technical Service ◽  
Short History ◽  
Service Program ◽  
The Road ◽  
Technical Personnel ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
On The Road

Представлена разработанная программа «Технический сервис», обменивающаяся информацией с базой данных систем ГЛОНАСС/GPS. Данная программа работает по сети и позволяет оповещать технический персонал, занимающийся обслуживанием, ремонтом и выпуском на линию или в рейс автотранспорта, напоминая ему о времени наступления прохождения технического обслуживания (ТО) для каждой единицы техники предприятия. При этом идёт информирование о количестве заменяемых жидкостей, марок и кодов фильтров, с краткой историей о неисправностях и ДТП техники, а также дублированием всей информации с системы ГЛОНАСС: расход топлива, пробег, скорость, марки и госномера техники. Разработанная программа имеет следующие возможности: хранит список техники с государственными номерами, постоянно обновляя данные о пробегах автотранспорта; хранит для каждой единицы техники необходимую информацию для проведения ТО автотранспорта, краткую историю о крупных неисправностях, проведённых капитальных ремонтах и ДТП автотранспорта. Данную информацию можно распечатать или сохранить на компьютер. Вовремя проведённое ТО является основой и залогом безотказной работы автотранспорта, что сказывается на успешном ведении бизнеса. The developed program "Technical Service" is presented, exchanging information with the database of GLONASS/GPS systems. This program works on the network and allows you to notify technical personnel engaged in service, repair and release on the road or on a motor vehicle trip, reminding them of the time of receipt of maintenance operation (MOT) for each unit of the enterprise equipment. At the same time, there is information about the number of liquids, grades and filter codes to be replaced with a short history of equipment malfunctions and accidents of vehicles, as well as duplication of all information from the GLONASS system: fuel consumption, mileage, speed, brands and license plates of vehicles. The developed program has the following capabilities: stores a list of vehicles with license plates, constantly updating data on vehicle mileage, and stores for each unit of equipment the necessary information for maintenance operation of vehicles, a short history of major malfunctions, major repairs and accidents of vehicles. This information can be printed or saved to a computer. Timely maintenance operation is the basis and key to the failure-free operation of vehicles, which affects the successful conduct of business.

scholarly journals Analysis of driving behaviours of truck drivers using motorway tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (13) ◽  
pp. 3103-3111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbing Gao ◽  
Haibo Chen ◽  
Kaushali Dave ◽  
Junyan Chen ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Acceleration Process ◽  
Fuel Saving ◽  
Normal Distributions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
On The Road

Road transportations still play a dominant role in goods delivery, and driving behaviours significantly affect the fuel economy of heavy-duty trucks. Plenty of fossil fuel is wasted as a result of unreasonable driving behaviours even in the case of highly experienced drivers. The objective of this paper is to analyse drivers’ behaviours over two segments of motorways and estimate the potential benefits of fuel saving caused by a change in driving habits during national and international goods delivery. Drivers’ habits on motorways change depending on the road situations. In the acceleration process, the fuel consumption rates are huge even under low-speed conditions. The truck fuel consumption rates are exaggerated by positive road slopes, but still dominated by acceleration. Accelerations are generally in normal distributions, with the median value being approximately 0.5 m/s2. The speed ranges corresponding to each gear enlarge with the increase in gear number. The potentials of annual fuel saving for parts of European Union countries are nearly 2 × 106 m3 by adopting proper driving behaviours.

scholarly journals WATI: Warning of Traffic Incidents for Fuel Saving

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Corcoba Magaña ◽  
M. Muñoz-Organero
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Accelerator Pedal ◽  
Traffic Incidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

Traffic incidents (heavy traffic, adverse weather conditions, and traffic accidents) cause an increase in the frequency and intensity of the acceleration and deceleration. The result is a very significant increase in fuel consumption. In this paper, we propose a solution to reduce the impact of such events on energy consumption. The solution detects the traffic incidents based on measured telemetry data from vehicles and the different driver profiles. The proposal takes into account the rolling resistance coefficient, the road slope angle, and the vehicles speeds, from vehicles which are on the scene of the traffic incident, in order to estimate the optimal deceleration profile. Adapted advice and feedback are provided to the drivers in order to appropriately and timely release the accelerator pedal. The expert system is implemented on Android mobile devices and has been validated using a dataset of 150 tests using 15 different drivers. The main contribution of this paper is the proposal of a system to detect traffic incidents and provide an optimal deceleration pattern for the driver to follow without requiring sensors on the road. The results show an improvement on the fuel consumption of up to 13.47%.

scholarly journals Analysis of methods of assessing the quality of protective paint car coatings

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 02103
Author(s):  
Arthur Avakov ◽  
Evgeny Kosenko ◽  
Ivan Topilin ◽  
Fedor Kopilov
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Paint Coating ◽  
The Road ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Car Wash ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Operational Impacts

At present, modern ways to protect a varnish coating of cars have become widespread among motorists. Small particles of dirt, dust, winter reagents, minuses of car wash systems, a large number of stones on the road do not have the best effect on car cover. All operational impacts destroy the protective paintwork, after which the steel car body is no longer able to resist the effects of the environment. The body begins to rust and deteriorate. The car eventually loses its appearance, ceases to shine, becomes opaque. Reduction of adverse operational impacts on the paint coating of the car is achieved by modern methods of protection. A wide distribution in the market of automobile cosmetics was produced by protective polishes based on wax or synthetic constituents. It is connected with their small cost and ease of application. The flagship on auto market for the protection of car paint coating is armor plate. This is a protective transparent film with a thickness of approximately 100 microns, providing the maximum degree of protection. Thus, with the help of modern means of protecting paint coating, one can minimize the negative impact of the environment and prolong youth to a car.

scholarly journals Analysis of Incentives to Eco-Driving for Car Rental Companies’ Customers

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10579
Author(s):  
Michał Adamczak ◽  
Adrianna Toboła ◽  
Jadwiga Fijałkowska ◽  
Piotr Cyplik ◽  
Maciej Tórz
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Road ◽  
Car Rental ◽  
Car Wash ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

The problem of road traffic is one of the key challenges that cities will have to deal with in the future. It is also a problem directly related to the concept of sustainable development. Reducing the negative impact of road traffic in future cities can be achieved through cooperation in the following areas: social—shaping customer behavior and habits, economic—changing attitudes towards owning a car, and environmental—aimed at reducing the vehicle’s impact on the natural environment. A literature review was used to identify the research gap concerning the impact of the incentive system on increasing the environmental performance of drivers under short-term rental. Referring to the research gap, the main goal of the article is to identify the attractiveness of eco-driving incentives for drivers under short-term rental. The study used the survey method. The study was based on 323 completed questionnaires (female—122 and male—201). The following methods were also used in the analysis of the results: Anderson–Darling, Mood’s Median test and Kruskal Wallis multiple pairwise comparisons. The evaluation of the attractiveness of the incentive to eco-driving depends on the characteristic of the client who rents the car. Thus, it is possible to shape incentive systems for car rental customers that can shape their positive behavior on the road. Among the most attractive incentives for eco-driving in a rented car are: the possibility of upgrading a car in the next rental, discount for future rental and free car-wash.

Research on Fuel Economy of Hybrid Electric Vehicles

2013 ◽  
Vol 718-720 ◽  
pp. 1435-1439
Author(s):  
Teng Teng Li ◽  
Kong Jian Qin ◽  
Jun Hua Gao ◽  
Feng Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
The Road ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
On The Road

On the road, fuel meter and electric power meter were employed to measure fuel consumption and electricity consumption of two parallel hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs); Corrected methods recommended by SAE J2711 and GB/T 19754 respectively were used to modify fuel consumption of two vehicles through electricity consumption; According to the result, how total quality and Air-Condition (AC) load affect fuel economy were analyzed. Test results showed that, When K was less than 1%, relative error from calculation results of fuel consumption per 100 km obtained by above two methods was within 0.7%; Compared with AC off condition, fuel consumption per 100 km of PHEVs under AC on condition increased by more than 42%, which caused bad fuel economy, the effect of fuel-saving was decreased by 10% or more accordingly.

3D Road Geometry Based Optimal Truck Fuel Economy

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Huang ◽  
David M. Bevly ◽  
Xiaopeng Li ◽  
Steve Schnick
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Optimal Control Strategy ◽  
The Road ◽  
Powertrain Control ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Class 8 Truck

This paper investigates the benefit of using a 3D road geometry based optimal powertrain control strategy in reducing the fuel consumption of heavy trucks. The optimal control, which applies a sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method, is designed to predict the optimal truck velocity trajectory, based on the road geometry with the consideration of fuel consumption and travel time. The fuel consumption baseline is developed based on an engineering drive cycle. Computer simulations of a Class 8 truck are conducted with Intermap real 3D road geometry. Simulation results show that the optimal control strategy is able to reduce the fuel consumption with equal or even shorter travel time, when compared to the defined baseline.

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