A Study of Compression Properties of Paper Towels with KES-F System

2016 ◽  
Vol 848 ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
Chi Wai Kan ◽  
Maggie Hoi Man Leung ◽  
Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Compression Properties ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Paper Towels ◽  
F System

In this study, we chose 12 commonly available paper towels from the local market. The compression properties of the paper towels were examined by Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F). Three compression properties namely: (i) compressional linearity (LC), (ii) compression energy (WC) and (iii) compressional resilience (RC) were examined. The experimental results revealed that the compression properties varied within the different paper towels. RC vlaue was used as the key property for discussing the compression properties of paper towels. When different compression properties were correlated and analysed, it was found that no relationship was noted within different compression properties. On the other hand, there was not significant statistically relationship between weight and thickness to RC. It is hope that the results from this study can help the indurstry to improve the compression properties of paper towels for local market.

Using KES-F System for Determining the Bending Properties of Paper Towels

2016 ◽  
Vol 848 ◽  
pp. 170-173
Author(s):  
Chi Wai Kan ◽  
Maggie Hoi Man Leung ◽  
Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Bending Rigidity ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Paper Towels ◽  
F System

12 commercially available paper towels were collected from the local market and studied in this paper. Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F) was used for evaluating their bending properties. Two bending properties namely: (i) bending rigidity (B) and (ii) bending moment (2HB) were evaluated. Experimental results indciated that the bending properties varied within the products. B was used as the key property for discussing the bending properties of paper towels. When the correlations of different bending properties were investigated, it was found that no significant was found between B and 2HB. However, there was significant statistically relationship between weight and B but no relationship between thickness and B. With the use of the results, the product developer could improve the bending properties of the paper towels.

Tensile Properties Analysis of Paper Towels

2016 ◽  
Vol 848 ◽  
pp. 162-165
Author(s):  
Chi Wai Kan ◽  
Maggie Hoi Man Leung ◽  
Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Paper Towels

In this study, 12 commercially available paper towels were collected from the local market. Their tensile properties were investigated by Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F). Four tensile properties namely: (i) extensibility (EMT), (ii) tensile energy (WT), (iii) tensile resilience (RT) and (iv) linearity of WT (LT) were evaluated. Experimental results revealed that the tensile properties varied within the products. EMT was used as the key property for discussing the tensile properties of paper towels. However, when the different tensile properties were correlated, it was found that WT/RT, WT/EMT and RT/EMT had strong Pearson correlation. In addition, there was no significant statistically relationship between weight and thickness to EMT. Based on this study, it can provide some information about the tensile properties of paper towels in local market which may help the industry for further improving the product quality.

An Analysis of Paper Towels Shearing Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 848 ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
Chi Wai Kan ◽  
Maggie Hoi Man Leung ◽  
Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Shear Rigidity ◽  
Paper Towels

In this paper, we collected 12 commercially available paper towels from the local market and their shearing properties were evaluated by Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F). Three properties namely: (i) shear rigidity (G), (ii) shear stress at 0.5º (2HG) and (iii) shear stress at 5º (2HG5) were studied. Experimental results revealed that the shearing properties varied within the products. G was used as the key property for discussing the shearing properties of paper towels. However, in correlating different shearing properties, it was found that 2HG and 2HG5 had strong Pearson correlation. However, no significant statistically relationship between weight and thickness to G was found. This study may provide data for the industry for the improvement of shearing properties of paper towels for local market.

Determination of Surface Properties of Paper Towels with KES-F System

2016 ◽  
Vol 848 ◽  
pp. 174-177
Author(s):  
Chi Wai Kan ◽  
Maggie Hoi Man Leung ◽  
Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Paper Towels ◽  
F System

In this study, 12 commercially available paper towels were collected from the market. Their shearing properties were evaluated by Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F). Three properties namely: (i) coefficient of friction (MIU), (ii) deviation of MIU (MMD) and (iii) geometric roughness (SMD). Experimental results revealed that the surface properties varied within the products. When different properties were correlated, it was found that there was not significantly relationship between MIU, MMD and SMD. However, weight and thickness had well statistically relationship to SMD.

Natural Vulcanization Accelerators in Hevea Latex

1948 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-859
Author(s):  
R. F. A. Altman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Bases ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Decomposition Processes ◽  
Volatile Products ◽  
Nitrogenous Substances ◽  
The One

Abstract As numerous investigators have shown, some of the nonrubber components of Hevea latex have a decided accelerating action on the process of vulcanization. A survey of the literature on this subject points to the validity of certain general facts. 1. Among the nonrubber components of latex which have been investigated, certain nitrogenous bases appear to be most important for accelerating the rate of vulcanization. 2. These nitrogen bases apparently occur partly naturally in fresh latex, and partly as the result of putrefaction, heating, and other decomposition processes. 3. The nitrogen bases naturally present in fresh latex at later stages have been identified by Altman to be trigonelline, stachhydrine, betonicine, choline, methylamine, trimethylamine, and ammonia. These bases are markedly active in vulcanization, as will be seen in the section on experimental results. 4. The nitrogenous substances formed by the decomposition processes have only partly been identified, on the one hand as tetra- and pentamethylene diamine and some amino acids, on the other hand as alkaloids, proline, diamino acids, etc. 5. It has been generally accepted that these nitrogenous substances are derived from the proteins of the latex. 6. Decomposition appears to be connected with the formation of a considerable amount of acids. 7. The production of volatile nitrogen bases as a rule accompanies the decomposition processes. These volatile products have not been identified. 8. The active nitrogen bases, either already formed or derived from complex nitrogenous substances, seem to be soluble in water but only slightly soluble in acetone.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Fungicidal Properties of Different Humectants in a Tobacco Blend / Vergleich der fungistatischen Wirkung verschiedener Feuchthaltemittel bei einer ungesoßten Tabakmischung

1966 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. van Nooy
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Tobacco Treatment

AbstractThe experimental results indicated in the present paper reveal that among all humectants admitted 1,3-butyleneglycol alone has marked fungicidal properties satisfying the requirements of practical tobacco treatment, and that, on the other hand, diethyleneglycol and glycerine practically do not have such qualities

scholarly journals Elastic Properties of Magnetorheological Elastomers in a Heterogeneous Uniaxial Magnetic Field

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehito Kikuchi ◽  
Yusuke Kobayashi ◽  
Mika Kawai ◽  
Tetsu Mitsumata
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Uniform Magnetic Field ◽  
Large Strain ◽  
Small Strain ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Strain Model

Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are stimulus-responsive soft materials that consist of polymeric matrices and magnetic particles. In this study, large-strain response of MREs with 5 vol % of carbonyl iron (CI) particles is experimentally characterized for two different conditions: (1) shear deformation in a uniform magnetic field; and (2), compression in a heterogeneous uniaxial magnetic field. For condition (1), dynamic viscoelastic measurements were performed using a rheometer with a rotor disc and an electric magnet that generated a uniform magnetic field on disc-like material samples. For condition (2), on the other hand, three permanent magnets with different surface flux densities were used to generate a heterogeneous uniaxial magnetic field under cylindrical material samples. The experimental results were mathematically modeled, and the relationship between them was investigated. We also used finite-element method (FEM) software to estimate the uniaxial distributions of the magnetic field in the analyzed MREs for condition (2), and developed mathematical models to describe these phenomena. By using these practicable techniques, we established a simple macroscale model of the elastic properties of MREs under simple compression. We estimated the elastic properties of MREs in the small-strain regime (neo–Hookean model) and in the large-strain regime (Mooney–Rivlin model). The small-strain model explains the experimental results for strains under 5%. On the other hand, the large-strain model explains the experimental results for strains above 10%.

Effect of Manganese Addition on Strength and Fracture Toughness in Mg-6Al-1Zn Alloy

2006 ◽  
Vol 306-308 ◽  
pp. 857-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taisuke Sasaki ◽  
Tokuteru Uesugi ◽  
Yorinobu Takigawa ◽  
Kenji Higashi
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Ductile Fracture ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Excessive Amount ◽  
Void Coalescence ◽  
Other Hand

The effect of manganese on strength and fracture toughness was investigated using five kinds of Mg-6Al-1Zn alloys. From the experimental results, the yield strength increased with increasing in manganese content until manganese content reached 0.14 wt. %. On the other hand, further increase in yield strength was not observed in case larger than 0.14 % of manganese was added. In addition, fracture toughness decreases with increasing manganese content. Fracture of magnesium alloy was ductile fracture by void coalescence. Adding excessive amount of manganese caused the increase in the presence of inclusions. This kind of particle easily became the nucleus of microvoid. As a conclusion, manganese should be added so that coarse manganese-bearing particle is not formed. Thus, 0.14 wt. % of manganese should be added to Mg-6Al-1Zn alloy in order to develop the alloy with well-balanced relationship between strength and fracture toughness.

Effects of Mandarin Cultivar on Quality of Mandarin Juice

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Beltrán ◽  
A.J. Perez-López ◽  
J.M. López-Nicolás ◽  
A.A. Carbonell-Barrachina
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Color Coordinates ◽  
Juice Processing ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cielab Color

Eight mandarin cultivars have been analyzed for their content of vitamin C, minerals (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn), CIELab color coordinates (L*, a*, b*, C*, and h ab), total volatile compounds content and sensory aroma intensity of juice. Experimental results proved that no important enough differences were found in the minerals contents to decide which mandarin cultivar was of higher quality. Clemenules provided the darkest juice with the highest vitamin C content and with the most intense mandarin aroma. On the other hand, Nova and Hernandina mandarin could be considered as the worst cultivars for juice production. Finally if Clemenules mandarins were not available for juice processing, Orogrande, Clemenpons, Ellendale, and Marisol could also be good options.

scholarly journals Modeling of Rate-Independent and Symmetric Hysteresis Based on Madelung’s Rules

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kairui Cao ◽  
Rui Li
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Models ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Modeling Method ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
With Memory

Hysteresis is a kind of nonlinearity with memory, which is usually unwanted in practice. Many phenomenological models have been proposed to describe the observed hysteresis. For instance, the Prandtl-Ishlinskii (PI) model, which consists of several backlash operators, is the most widely used. On the other hand, the well-known Madelung’s rules are always used to validate hysteresis models. It is worth pointing out that the PI model obeys Madelung’s rules. In this paper, instead of considering these rules as criteria, we propose a modeling method for symmetric hysteresis by directly constructing the trajectory based on Madelung’s rules. In the proposed method, turning points are recorded and wiped out according to the input value. After the implementation of the recording and wiping-out mechanisms, the curve which the current trajectory moves along can be determined and then the trajectory can be described. Furthermore, the relationship between the proposed method and the PI model is also investigated. The effectiveness of the presented method is validated by simulation and experimental results.

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