Investigation and Analysis on Seismic Damages of Mountain Tunnels Subjected to Wenchuan Earthquake

2011 ◽  
Vol 99-100 ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang Jiang Tao ◽  
Bo Gao ◽  
Yu Min Wen ◽  
Xiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Severe Intensity ◽  
Mountain Tunnels ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Earthquake Damages ◽  
Resistance Performance

Wenchuan earthquake of May 12 struck China with amazement in 2008, which inflicted the devastating destruction to the public transport infrastructures in Sichuan province. Generally speaking, underground structures have the stronger seismic resistance performance compared to ground-level structures. However, seismic disasters of mountain tunnels were fairly conspicuous after the earthquake. Based on the references about tunnel earthquake damages at home and abroad (Dowding and Rozen, 1978; Huo, 2005; Rozen, 1976; Youssef, 2001; wang, 2001), more attentions should be paid to the prevention and mitigation of tunnel seismic hazards under severe intensity earthquakes. This paper describes some typical earthquake damages to mountain tunnels during Wenchuan earthquake and presents the basic characteristics of the tunnel seismic damage as well. Meanwhile, the possible reasons for the seismic damage and the corresponding measures for relieving or resisting the damage are also given.

scholarly journals Rapid Assessment and Classification for Seismic Damage of Mountain Tunnel Based on Concentric Circle Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Hua Xu ◽  
Jingsong Xu ◽  
Runfang Sun ◽  
Hefu Pu ◽  
Yin Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Circle Method ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Concentric Circle ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
New Method ◽  
Mountain Tunnels ◽  
Mountain Tunnel

Concentric circle method (CCM), a new method based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and numerical discretization of 40 mountain tunnels damaged by Wenchuan earthquake in China, is proposed to rapidly assess the seismic damage level (SDL) of mountain tunnels. The new method consists of four components. First, according to the type and degree of seismic damage of tunnel, the whole tunnel is divided into a number of successive sections. Second, four factors (i.e., slope and portal damage, lining damage, pavement damage, and earthquake collapse) are selected as the main controlling factor set, and then multilevel factor sets are proposed to establish the assessment system. Third, the discretized assessment indexes and classification criteria are established for the rapid assessment of SDL of mountain tunnel. Finally, based on the comprehensive analysis on the SDL of each section, the SDL of the whole tunnel is calculated in terms of the seismic damage index and synthetic radius. With the assessment results shown on a straightforward concentric circle diagram, the proposed CCM method can rapidly and reliably assess the SDL of mountain tunnel to win over precious time for emergency rescue and provide references for the repair of damaged tunnel. In addition, the accuracy and applicability of the proposed method is verified by using a case study of Longxi tunnel located at the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake in China.

Seismic damage of mountain tunnels during the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1958-1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-tao Yu ◽  
Jun-tao Chen ◽  
Yong Yuan ◽  
Xu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Mountain Tunnels ◽  
5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake

Comparing The Principalship of Madrasah and Sekolah in The Decentralization Era

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
Saefudin A Safi'i
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
New Order ◽  
The Public ◽  
Centralized Management ◽  
Decentralization Policy

The downfall of the New Order Regime in 1998 brought about significant change to Indonesia’s public sector.  Law number 22 of 1999, further refined by Law 32 of 2004, provide legal bases for district governments to administer the public sector. The central government also introduces the notion of good governance through the promulgation of various regulations. For Madrasah however, decentralization policy failed to provide clear legal bases as to how it relates to district government. Law 32 of 2004 verse 10 article 3 retains the centralized management by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. This however does not exclude Madrasah from public demand of implementing the principle of good governance. This study analyses the dynamics of principal-ship both in the Sekolah and the Madrasah in the era of decentralization. By comparing two research sites, this study sought to create better understanding about the context by which the organization climate of two different schools are shaped, and how principals and teachers perceives the notion of school leadership in the light of most recent policy development. To do this, interviews were undertaken and questionnaire-based data collection was also conducted. The study found that in the ground level implementation of decentralization policy, Sekolah developed more rigorous leadership compared to that in the Madrasah. This research recommends the adoption of stronger regulation regarding principal-ship of Madrasahs in order to create an environment that is more in tune with the spirit of public service reforms.

scholarly journals Overview of Anti-Seismic Researches of Underground Structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 03038
Author(s):  
Ran Liao
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Underground Structure ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Urban Rail Transit ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Urban Rail ◽  
Subway System ◽  
Metro System

With the vigorous development of urban rail transit system, especially the construction of subway system, the safety of subway system draws more and more attention. The study of anti-seismic for underground structures has also become an important problem to be solved in the construction of Metro system. Based on the typical underground structure seismic damage phenomenon, this paper summarizes the seismic characteristics, research methods and design methods of underground structures to offer a guide for engineers.

The Changing Role of the National Library in the New Information Environment

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham P. Cornish
Keyword(s):  
National Archive ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
National Library ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Information ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
National Libraries

The new information environment is a combination of technical advances and cultural attitudes; both of these have major implications for the role of the national library. As part of a Unesco-funded study in 1990, a survey was carried out to determine how national libraries were coping with the present situation; the situation varies, but there is cause for concern. The three basic characteristics of a national library – that it is publicly funded, gives access to the public, and acts as the national archive of material published in the country – are all called into question. Functions such as collection building, exploitation of the collections, and creation of the national bibliographic record need to be rethought. The new information environment has much to contribute to the handicapped, and national libraries should ensure the development of services for those with special needs. They need to respond to the changing situation rapidly by taking the lead in their respective countries; failure to take the initiative will leave it to be taken by people who will make decisions on purely technical, economic or political grounds.

Earth-Rock Dam’s Seismic Vulnerability Analysis of Mianyang City in the Wenchuan Ms8.0 Earthquake

2012 ◽  
Vol 166-169 ◽  
pp. 2151-2158
Author(s):  
Hai An Liang ◽  
Li Ping Jing ◽  
Yong Qiang Li ◽  
Chun Hui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Delphi Method ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Beta Function ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Vulnerability Analysis ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability Analysis

Dam damaged is one of common forms about lifeline engineering after earthquake raids. Based on the analysis of the seismic damaged conditions of 825 dams in Mianyang City, this paper establishes a dam’s seismic vulnerability matrix that suite for the Chinese specification. Compares the Mianyang city’s earth-rock dam seismic vulnerability matrix with the ATC-13’s that based on Delphi method, the vulnerability of dams in the Wenchuan earthquake is quite different with ATC-13’s, earth-rock dams of Mianyang City appear to be more vulnerable during earthquake. Base on date of seismic vulnerability matrix in Mianyang city, vulnerability curves are established. The vulnerability curves that fitted by beta function can be used to predict Chinese earth-rock dam’ seismic damage.

GPS for Aviation

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-355
Author(s):  
S. Ratcliffe
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Acquisition Mode ◽  
The Cost

It must be stated at the outset that the present author has a technical knowledge of Navstar GPS based only on fragments of the literature open to the public, and no knowledge whatever about the plans for its military use. An attempt will be made to discuss, from first principles, the consequences to both civil and friendly military users of the availability of a global, satellite-based navaid that makes possible the determination of position in three dimensions to a high accuracy. For civil users, confined to the ‘coarse acquisition’ mode, there is a 95 per cent probability that the horizontal position error will not exceed about 20 metres. For military users holding the key to a more sophisticated mode of operation, a significantly greater accuracy is available. The GPS also determines velocity, and data can be updated every second or so. It will be assumed that the navaid covers all the Earth's surface of interest, down to ground level. The cost of the satellite system is assumed to be high.

Seismic Damage and Rapid Loss Estimation of Retaining Wall Based on the Data from 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 1805-1808
Author(s):  
Gang Fang ◽  
Zhi Jia Wang ◽  
Lin Du
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Probability Method ◽  
Statistical Probability ◽  
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Damage Extent ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Highway System

about statistical probability method in his book.Retaining walls are important part of the highway system. After the Wenchuan earthquake, 375 damaged retaining walls in 3 provinces had been surveyed, the relationship between seismic damage extent with the intensity, the relative location with the fault line, the heights of retaining walls, construct methods, and foundation conditions were analyzed.

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