GPS for Aviation

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-355
Author(s):  
S. Ratcliffe
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Acquisition Mode ◽  
The Cost

It must be stated at the outset that the present author has a technical knowledge of Navstar GPS based only on fragments of the literature open to the public, and no knowledge whatever about the plans for its military use. An attempt will be made to discuss, from first principles, the consequences to both civil and friendly military users of the availability of a global, satellite-based navaid that makes possible the determination of position in three dimensions to a high accuracy. For civil users, confined to the ‘coarse acquisition’ mode, there is a 95 per cent probability that the horizontal position error will not exceed about 20 metres. For military users holding the key to a more sophisticated mode of operation, a significantly greater accuracy is available. The GPS also determines velocity, and data can be updated every second or so. It will be assumed that the navaid covers all the Earth's surface of interest, down to ground level. The cost of the satellite system is assumed to be high.

scholarly journals MODEL NEGOSIASI POLITIK ANGGARAN DALAM PROSES PENETAPAN APBD PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-160
Author(s):  
Martuama Saragi ◽  
Tjahya Supriatna ◽  
Sampara Lukman ◽  
Dety Mulyanti
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Negotiation Model ◽  
New Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Political Interaction ◽  
Political Negotiation

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menemukan model baru negosiasi politik anggaran dalam proses penetapan APBD Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Informan penelitian ini terdiri dari 13 orang yang ditentukan dengan snow ball sampling technique. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan, wawancara dan observasi. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan model baru dalam negoisasi politik anggaran yang disebut model negoisasi politik anggaran bernuansa positif. Model negoisasi politik anggaran bernuansa positif yaitu pola komunikasi pemerintahan yang berlangsung dalam perumusan, pembahasan dan penetapan kebijakan anggaran yang sepenuhnya untuk kepentingan publik dan anti korupsi, kolusi dan nepotisme yang terungkap dari motif negoisasi, dalil negoisasi dan konsekuensi negoisasi yang bernuansa positif. Hal ini mencakup tiga dimensi negoisasi politik anggaran, yaitu dimensi motif negoisasi anggaran bernuansa positif, dimensi dalil negoisasi anggaran bernuansa positif, dan dimensi konsekuensi negoisasi anggaran bernuansa positif. Kata Kunci: Model Baru, Interaksi Politik, Politik Anggaran, Pemerintahan Daerah. Abstract The purpose of this study is to find a new model of budget political negotiation in the process of establishing the North Sumatra Province APBD. This research is a qualitative research. The informants of this study consisted of 13 people who were determined by the snow ball sampling technique. Data collection is carried out through literature study, interviews and observations. Analysis of research data using triangulation. The results of this study found a new model in budget political negotiations called the positive nuanced budget politics negotiation model. A positive nuanced budget politics negotiation model is a pattern of government communication that takes place in the formulation, discussion and determination of budget policies that are fully in the public interest and anti-corruption, collusion and nepotism that are revealed from the negotiation motives, the propositions of negotiations and the consequences of positive negotiations. This includes three dimensions of budget politics negotiation, namely the dimensions of the motives for positive nuanced budget negotiations, the dimensions of the proposition of positive nuanced budget negotiations, and the consequence dimensions of positive nuanced budget negotiations. Keywords: New Model, Political Interaction, Budget Politics, Local Government.

scholarly journals Penilaian Jasa Wisata Kebun Binatang Bumi Kedaton Resort Di Bandar Lampung Dengan Pendekatan Metode Biaya Perjalanan

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ade Prenada ◽  
Samsul Bakri ◽  
Susni Herwanti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Travel Costs ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Tourism Services

Tourism object Bumi Kedaton Resort (BKR) is one of the tourist attractions that can be found in the Province of Lampung and opened to the public in 2009 so that the unknown diversity of attitude necessary for a visitor management strategy from BKR to be able to attract visitors because of competition in the world tourist attractions then increasingly need to give satisfaction to the visitor so that visitors wishing to come back. Therefore need to do research to find out the value of tourist services BKR and economic characteristics of visitors. Economic value of tourism services can be found using the method of travel expenses. The research was carried out in December 2014-February 2015 by doing the interview and questionnaire distributed directly to the respondent as much as 99 people. Sampling of respondents do with inccidental sampling methods respondents who happened to be there on site research with sampling techniques in a non random sampling because not all individuals in the population earn the same opportunities to provide samples. Sampling is done starting at 09:00am-4:00 pm WIB each day and by the time the school holidays, christmas, new year and chinese new year. The results of the determination of the cost of travel of visitors then tested with the method of multiple linear regression using software Minitab 16. The research results showed that travel costs averaged visitors amounted to Rp. 109.176,26/people/visits for all zoning are examined. Calculation based on research data obtained economic values of tourism services BKR is Rp. 24.559.199,69/year. Characteristics that give visitors a real influence against the economic value of tourism services BKR i.e. time visiting when the Sunday school holiday, Chinese new year, christmas and new year, as well as the distance that has value P Value < 0.1. The influence of the dependent variables simultaneously (R-Sq) was 96,6% and R-Sq (adj) is 95,4%.Keywords: Demographic, economic value, tourism services, travel cost.

scholarly journals Fiscal austerity and the health sector: the cost of adjustments

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 4375-4384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romulo Paes-Sousa ◽  
Joyce Mendes de Andrade Schramm ◽  
Luiz Villarinho Pereira Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Fiscal Austerity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract Fiscal austerity policies have been used as responses to economic crises and fiscal deficits in both developed and developing countries. While they vary in regard to their content, intensity and implementation, such models recommend reducing public expenses and social investments, retracting the public service and substituting the private sector in lieu of the State to provide certain services tied to social policies. The present article discusses the main effects of the recent economic crisis on public health based on an updated review with consideration for three dimensions: health risks, epidemiological profiles of different populations, and health policies. In Brazil, the combination of economic crisis and fiscal austerity policies is capable of producing a direr situation than those experienced in developed countries. The country is characterized by historically high levels of social inequality, an under-financed health sector, highly prevalent chronic degenerative diseases and persisting preventable infectious diseases. It is imperative to develop alternatives to mitigate the effects of the economic crisis taking into consideration not only the sustainability of public finance but also public well-being.

Inelastic Electron Scattering from Valence Electrons in Aluminum

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 462-463
Author(s):  
P. E. Batson ◽  
C. H. Chen ◽  
J. Silcox
Keyword(s):  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Inelastic Electron ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Scattering Spectrum ◽  
Valence Electrons ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Electronic Scattering

We wish to report in this paper measurements of the inelastic scattering component due to the collective excitations (plasmons) and single particlehole excitations of the valence electrons in Al. Such scattering contributes to the diffuse electronic scattering seen in electron diffraction patterns and has recently been considered of significance in weak-beam images (see Gai and Howie) . A major problem in the determination of such scattering is the proper correction for multiple scattering. We outline here a procedure which we believe suitably deals with such problems and report the observed single scattering spectrum.In principle, one can use the procedure of Misell and Jones—suitably generalized to three dimensions (qx, qy and #x2206;E)--to derive single scattering profiles. However, such a computation becomes prohibitively large if applied in a brute force fashion since the quasi-elastic scattering (and associated multiple electronic scattering) extends to much larger angles than the multiple electronic scattering on its own.

Mekanisme Dan Proteksi Jaminan Nasabah Pada Gadai Informal

Liquidity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Yuri Nanda Larasati ◽  
Jafril Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Cost

Regulation of the financial services authority (OJK) No. 31/POJK.05/2016 on Venture had arranged that the financial services agency on the basis of the law of pledge is in coaching and supervision OJK. Yet the existence of laws – invitation to Governing Enterprise pawn shops causing business activities conducted by the above parties are not yet regulated. The condition is feared could cause harm to the consumer society. The purpose of this research is to know the procedures, mechanisms, protection of goods and guarantee the consumer on an informal pledge financing, methods of determination of the cost of maintenance of the goods and the goods of the execution mechanism of the pledge as well as protection for the collateral items are viewed from the side of the consumer by looking at laws-invitations and Sharia. To find out whether the pledge have gotten permission from OJK. This research uses qualitative research methods with the study of library research, field data and simulations. The approach used in this study is the empirical juridical approach. Elaboration upon the results is discussed further in this article.

A comparison of the cost of research in South Africa's public research and higher education institutions

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Walwyn
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Public Research ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Annual Salary ◽  
Research Sector ◽  
Salary Survey ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Comparative Information

Despite the importance of labour and overhead costs to both funders and performers of research in South Africa, there is little published information on the remuneration structures for researchers, technician and research support staff. Moreover, there are widely different pricing practices and perceptions within the public research and higher education institutions, which in some cases do not reflect the underlying costs to the institution or the inherent value of the research. In this article, data from the 2004/5 Research and Development Survey have been used to generate comparative information on the cost of research in various performance sectors. It is shown that this cost is lowest in the higher education institutions, and highest in the business sector, although the differences in direct labour and overheads are not as large as may have been expected. The calculated cost of research is then compared with the gazetted rates for engineers, scientists and auditors performing work on behalf of the public sector, which in all cases are higher than the research sector. This analysis emphasizes the need within the public research and higher education institutions for the development of a common pricing policy and for an annual salary survey, in order to dispel some of the myths around the relative costs of research, the relative levels of overhead ratios and the apparent disparity in remuneration levels.

The Internet Trap

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hindman
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Net Neutrality ◽  
The Public ◽  
Attention Economy ◽  
Digital News ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

The Internet was supposed to fragment audiences and make media monopolies impossible. Instead, behemoths like Google and Facebook now dominate the time we spend online—and grab all the profits from the attention economy. This book explains how this happened. It sheds light on the stunning rise of the digital giants and the online struggles of nearly everyone else—and reveals what small players can do to survive in a game that is rigged against them. The book shows how seemingly tiny advantages in attracting users can snowball over time. The Internet has not reduced the cost of reaching audiences—it has merely shifted who pays and how. Challenging some of the most enduring myths of digital life, the book explains why the Internet is not the postindustrial technology that has been sold to the public, how it has become mathematically impossible for grad students in a garage to beat Google, and why net neutrality alone is no guarantee of an open Internet. It also explains why the challenges for local digital news outlets and other small players are worse than they appear and demonstrates what it really takes to grow a digital audience and stay alive in today's online economy. The book shows why, even on the Internet, there is still no such thing as a free audience.

Comparing The Principalship of Madrasah and Sekolah in The Decentralization Era

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
Saefudin A Safi'i
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
New Order ◽  
The Public ◽  
Centralized Management ◽  
Decentralization Policy

The downfall of the New Order Regime in 1998 brought about significant change to Indonesia’s public sector.  Law number 22 of 1999, further refined by Law 32 of 2004, provide legal bases for district governments to administer the public sector. The central government also introduces the notion of good governance through the promulgation of various regulations. For Madrasah however, decentralization policy failed to provide clear legal bases as to how it relates to district government. Law 32 of 2004 verse 10 article 3 retains the centralized management by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. This however does not exclude Madrasah from public demand of implementing the principle of good governance. This study analyses the dynamics of principal-ship both in the Sekolah and the Madrasah in the era of decentralization. By comparing two research sites, this study sought to create better understanding about the context by which the organization climate of two different schools are shaped, and how principals and teachers perceives the notion of school leadership in the light of most recent policy development. To do this, interviews were undertaken and questionnaire-based data collection was also conducted. The study found that in the ground level implementation of decentralization policy, Sekolah developed more rigorous leadership compared to that in the Madrasah. This research recommends the adoption of stronger regulation regarding principal-ship of Madrasahs in order to create an environment that is more in tune with the spirit of public service reforms.

The Awareness Level of the Safety and Health of the Operational Level

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Roshanira Che Mohd Noor ◽  
Nur Atiqah Rochin Demong
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Awareness Level

Providing a safe and healthy workplace is one of the most effective strategies in for holding down the cost of doing construction business. It was a part of the overall management system to facilitate themanagement of the occupational health and safety risk that are associated with the business of the organization. Factors affected the awareness level inclusive of safety and health conditions, dangerous working area, long wait care and services and lack of emergency communication werethe contributed factors to the awareness level for the operational level. Total of 122 incidents happened at Telekom Malaysia Berhad as compared to year 2015 only 86 cases. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between safety and health factors and the awareness level among operational workers.The determination of this research was to increase the awareness level among the operational level workerswho committing to safety and health environment.

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