Cure Kinetics of High Performance Epoxy Molding Compounds

The reaction of EMCs with the triphenylphosphine-1,4-benzoquinone (TPP-BQ) latent catalyst also had a higher temperature sensitivity compared to the reaction of EMCs with triphenylphosphine (TPP) catalyst. In resin transfer molding, EMCs containing the TPP-BQ thermal latency accelerator are least active at a low temperature. Consequently, EMCs have a low melt viscosity before gelation, and the resins and filler are evenly mixed in the kneading process. Additionally, the rheological property, flowability, is increased before the EMC form a network structure in the molding process. The proposed kinetic model adequately describes curing behavior in EMCs cured with two different organophosphine catalysts up to the rubber state in the progress of curing.

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Thermal and Cure Kinetics of Epoxy Molding Compounds Cured with Thermal Latency Accelerators

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2013/391267 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Chean-Cheng Su ◽

Chien-Huan Wei ◽

Bo-Ching Li

Keyword(s):

Low Temperatures ◽

Thermal Characteristics ◽

Cure Kinetics ◽

Molding Process ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Transfer Molding ◽

Molding Compounds ◽

Higher Temperature ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Rubber State

The cure kinetics and mechanisms of a biphenyl type epoxy molding compounds (EMCs) with thermal latency organophosphine accelerators were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Although the use of triphenylphosphine-1,4-benzoquinone (TPP-BQ) and triphenylphosphine (TPP) catalysts in biphenyl type EMCs exhibited autocatalytic mechanisms, thermal latency was higher in the TPP-BQ catalyst in EMCs than in the TPP catalyst in EMCs. Analyses of thermal characteristics indicated that TPP-BQ is inactive at low temperatures. At high temperatures, however, TPP-BQ increases the curing rate of EMC in dynamic and isothermal curing experiments. The reaction of EMCs with the TPP-BQ latent catalyst also had a higher temperature sensitivity compared to the reaction of EMCs with TPP catalyst. In resin transfer molding, EMCs containing the TPP-BQ thermal latency accelerator are least active at a low temperature. Consequently, EMCs have a low melt viscosity before gelation, and the resins and filler are evenly mixed in the kneading process. Additionally, flowability is increased before the EMCs form a network structure in the molding process. The proposed kinetic model adequately describes curing behavior in EMCs cured with two different organophosphine catalysts up to the rubber state in the progress of curing.

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Uncertainty Modeling of Residual Stress Development in Polymeric Composites Manufactured With Resin Transfer Molding Process

Volume 3: Design and Manufacturing ◽

10.1115/imece2007-42226 ◽

2007 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kuang-Ting Hsiao

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Resin Transfer Molding ◽

Parametric Uncertainty ◽

Polymeric Composite ◽

Cure Kinetics ◽

Polymeric Composites ◽

Molding Process ◽

Stress Development ◽

Transfer Molding ◽

Rtm Process

Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) is an advanced process to manufacture high quality thermoset polymeric composites. The quality of the composite depends on the resin infusion stage and the cure stage during the RTM process. The resin curing is a complex exothermic process which involves resin mechanical property evolution, resin volume shrinkage, thermal expansion, heat transfer, and chemical reaction. Since the fibers and resin have many differences in their physical properties, the composite cure stage inevitably introduces the undesired residual stress to the composite parts. As the residual stress could sometimes generate local matrix failure or degrade the performance of the composite, it is important to model and minimize the residual stress. This paper presents a model to predict the residual stress development during the composite cure process. By slightly disturbing the manufacturing parameters such as the mold heating cycle and the cure kinetics of polymer, the variations of residual stress development during the RTM process can be modeled and compared. A parametric uncertainty study of the residual stress development in the polymeric composite manufactured with RTM will be performed and discussed.

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High-performance bismaleimide resins with low cure temperature for resin transfer molding process

High Performance Polymers ◽

10.1177/0954008316642278 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 298-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ping Liu ◽

Chunyan Qu ◽

Dezhi Wang ◽

Ming Zhao ◽

Changwei Liu

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Resin Transfer Molding ◽

Molding Process ◽

Transfer Molding ◽

Bismaleimide Resins ◽

Cure Temperature

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A Review of Thermoplastic Resin Transfer Molding: Process Modeling and Simulation

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11101555 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1555 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ageyeva ◽

Sibikin ◽

Kovács

Keyword(s):

Polymer Composites ◽

High Performance ◽

Resin Transfer Molding ◽

High Viscosity ◽

Commercial Application ◽

Future Research ◽

Thermoplastic Resin ◽

Molding Process ◽

Transfer Molding ◽

The Matrix

The production and consumption of polymer composites has grown continuously through recent decades and has topped 10 Mt/year. Until very recently, polymer composites almost exclusively had non-recyclable thermoset matrices. The growing amount of plastic, however, inevitably raises the issue of recycling and reuse. Therefore, recyclability has become of paramount importance in the composites industry. As a result, thermoplastics are coming to the forefront. Despite all their advantages, thermoplastics are difficult to use as the matrix of high-performance composites because their high viscosity complicates the impregnation process. A solution could be reactive thermoplastics, such as PA-6, which is synthesized from the ε-caprolactam (ε-CL) monomer via anionic ring opening polymerization (AROP). One of the fastest techniques to process PA-6 into advanced composites is thermoplastic resin transfer molding (T-RTM). Although nowadays T-RTM is close to commercial application, its optimization and control need further research and development, mainly assisted by modeling. This review summarizes recent progress in the modeling of the different aspects of the AROP of ε-CL. It covers the mathematical modeling of reaction kinetics, pressure-volume-temperature behavior, as well as simulation tools and approaches. Based on the research results so far, this review presents the current trends and could even plot the course for future research.

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Manufacturing Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Using RTM Process: An Analytical Approach

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.380.60 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 380 ◽

pp. 60-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M.J. do Nascimento Santos ◽

A.G. Barbosa de Lima

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Separation Of Variables ◽

Resin Transfer Molding ◽

Surface Finishing ◽

Constant Thickness ◽

Molding Process ◽

Transfer Molding ◽

Dimensional Precision ◽

Good Surface ◽

Injection Process

The Resin Transfer Molding process (RTM) has been widely used for manufacturing of high performance components in aerospace and automotive industries. It is an economical and faster method when compared to open molding process because it allows the molding of complex parts with constant thickness, dimensional precision, good surface finishing and an excellent control of mechanical properties. In this sense, this work aims to study theoretically the manufacture process of polymeric composites reinforced with fibers via resin transfer molding. The governing equations of conservation of mass and momentum, and Darcy's law are presented, and the exact solution of the problems is obtained via method of separation of variables. Predicted results of the flow front and the pressure fields of the resin inside the model during the injection process are presented, compared with experimental data and analyzed. It was verified a good agreement between the results.

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Elevated-temperature vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process for high performance aerospace composites

Polymer International ◽

10.1002/pi.4444 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 62 (10) ◽

pp. 1465-1476 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Venkatagireesh Menta ◽

Ramabhadraraju Vuppalapati ◽

K Chandrashekhara ◽

Thomas Schuman ◽

Jilun Sha

Keyword(s):

Elevated Temperature ◽

High Performance ◽

Resin Transfer Molding ◽

Molding Process ◽

Transfer Molding

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Correction to: numerical study to control the filler distribution in fibrous media during the particle-filled resin transfer molding process

The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology ◽

10.1007/s00170-021-07062-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed El Moumen ◽

Abdelghani Saouab ◽

Nihad A. Siddig ◽

Laurent Bizet ◽

Abdellatif Imad

Keyword(s):

Numerical Study ◽

Resin Transfer Molding ◽

Fibrous Media ◽

Molding Process ◽

Transfer Molding ◽

Filler Distribution

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A Conceptional Approach of Resin-Transfer-Molding to Rosin-Sourced Epoxy Matrix Green Composites

Aerospace ◽

10.3390/aerospace8010005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Sicong Yu ◽

Xufeng Zhang ◽

Xiaoling Liu ◽

Chris Rudd ◽

Xiaosu Yi

Keyword(s):

Composite Laminates ◽

Resin Transfer Molding ◽

High Viscosity ◽

Ramie Fiber ◽

Liquid Composite Molding ◽

Curing Agent ◽

Molding Process ◽

Transfer Molding ◽

Low Viscosity ◽

Composite Molding

In this concept-proof study, a preform-based RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) process is presented that is characterized by first pre-loading the solid curing agent onto the preform, and then injecting the liquid nonreactive resin with an intrinsically low viscosity into the mold to infiltrate and wet the pre-loaded preform. The separation of resin and hardener helped to process inherently high viscosity resins in a convenient way. Rosin-sourced, anhydrite-cured epoxies that would normally be regarded as unsuited to liquid composite molding, were thus processed. Rheological tests revealed that by separating the anhydrite curing agent from a formulated RTM resin system, the remaining epoxy liquid had its flowtime extended. C-scan and glass transition temperature tests showed that the preform pre-loaded with anhydrite was fully infiltrated and wetted by the liquid epoxy, and the two components were diffused and dissolved with each other, and finally, well reacted and cured. Composite laminates made via this approach exhibited roughly comparable quality and mechanical properties with prepreg controls via autoclave or compression molding, respectively. These findings were verified for both carbon and ramie fiber composites.

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