Weight-in-Motion-Based Ambient Truck Characteristic Identification in Highway Bridges

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 930-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Won Seo ◽  
Jong Wan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Response ◽  
Time History ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Bridge Model ◽  
Girder Bridge ◽  
Transportation Applications

Ambient truck classification and weight data have been used in numerous transportation applications, focusing on highway safety. Specifically, ambient truck characteristics identified from Weight-In-Motion (WIM) data obtained from vehicle weigh stations have been considered to be likely candidates to better understand structural response of highway bridges to live-load events. This paper provides a framework to explicitly identify WIM-based ambient truck characteristics specific to highway bridges of interest. As an application of the framework, a highway steel I-girder bridge in the United States was selected and a network of strain sensors was installed on the bridge deck. Multiple strain time history data sets resulting from ambient trucks were measured and evaluated via a structural health monitoring (SHM) system with strain sensors. Each set of strain data representing a single truck, which cross the bridge, was used to identify its features, such as axle numbers and spacings. WIM trucks specific to each set were also characterized by examining the monitored strain time history patterns. These patterns make it possible to the identification of ambient WIM truck configurations. WIM data were obtained from weigh stations located adjacent the bridge. It is anticipated that this work will result in the creation of ambient truck pools on a specific bridge. Their pools will be used as live load inputs in the bridge model to investigate the structural behavior and to evaluate the bridge health conditions..

Study of a curved continuous composite box girder bridge

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Ng ◽  
M. S. Cheung ◽  
H. M. Hachem
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Shell Element ◽  
Elastic Response ◽  
Box Girder ◽  
Girder Bridges ◽  
Bridge Model ◽  
Box Girder Bridge ◽  
Girder Bridge ◽  
Critical Sections

To better understand the behaviour of curved box girder bridges in resisting eccentric design truck loads, and the influence of plan curvature on the structural response, a model study was conducted at the University of Ottawa. In this study, the elastic response of a curved composite box girder bridge model was evaluated experimentally and confirmed analytically using the finite element method. Analytical predictions of both vertical displacements and normal stresses at critical sections compared fairly well with those evaluated experimentally. The isoparametric thin shell element employed in the analysis proved to be versatile and provided an accurate representation of the various structural components of a curved box girder bridge. Despite the eccentric nature of the applied OHBDC design truck loads and the bridge plan curvature, it was evident that in resisting the applied live loads, the girders at critical sections share equal proportions of the applied bending moments. Key words: bridge, curved, cellular, composite, eccentric loads, static, linear, experimental, finite element.

scholarly journals Analisis Perhitungan Jembatan Gelagar I pada Jembatan Jalan Raya dan Jembatan Kereta Api

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Irpan Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Railway Bridge ◽  
Dead Load ◽  
Railway Bridges ◽  
Railroad Bridge ◽  
Limit Stress ◽  
Girder Bridge ◽  
Bridge Spans

The bridge is a means of connecting roads which is disconnected by barriers of the river, valley, sea, road or railway. Classified by functionality, bridges can be divided into highway bridge and railroad bridge. This study discusses whether the use of I-girder with 210 m height can be used on highway bridges and railway bridges. A comparison is done on the analysis of bridge structure calculation of 50 m spans and loads used in both the function of the bridge. For highway bridge, loads are grouped into three, which are self weight girder, additional dead load and live load. The additional dead loads for highway bridge are plate, deck slab, asphalt, and the diaphragm, while for the live load is load D which consists of a Uniform Distributed Load (UDL) and Knife Edge Load (KEL) based on "Pembebanan Untuk Jembatan RSNI T-02-2005". The load grouping for railway bridge equals to highway bridge. The analysis on the railway bridges does not use asphalt, and is replaced with a load of ballast on the track and the additional dead load. Live load on the structure of the railway bridge is the load based on Rencana Muatan 1921 (RM.1921). From the calculation of the I-girder bridge spans 50 m and girder height 210 cm for railway bridge, the stress on the lower beam is over the limit stress allowed. These results identified that the I-girder height 210 cm at the railway bridge has not been able to resist the loads on the railway bridge.

Mechanical Analysis of Link Slab in Continous Paving Layer of Simple Supported Girder Bridge

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 2290-2293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Li ◽  
Xi Yuan Liu ◽  
Rong Xia Wang ◽  
Xiao Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Linear Elastic Theory ◽  
Girder Bridge

The link slab of simple supported girder bridge deck was discussed in this paper. Based on “Gernal Code of design of Highway Bridges and Culverts(JTGD60-2004)” of China and linear elastic theory the continouse paving layer was analysized under the live load, temperature variation. The deformation and tensile stress formulations of link slab were given. The conclusion can provide theoretical basis for the design of building new bridge and strengthening and repairing old bridge.

Live-Load Girder Distribution Factors for Bridges Subjected to Wide Trucks

2000 ◽  
Vol 1696 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami W. Tabsh ◽  
Muna Tabatabai
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
The United States ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Wheel Load ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Load Effect ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
Girder Bridges ◽  
Girder Distribution Factors ◽  
Modification Factor

An important problem facing engineers and officials in the United States is the constraint imposed on transportation due to limitations of bridges. These limitations typically constrain vehicles to minimum heights and widths, to minimum and maximum lengths, and to a maximum allowable weight. However, with current demands of society and industry, there are times when a truck must carry a load that exceeds the size and weight of the legal limit. In this situation, the trucking company requests from the state departments of transportation an overload permit. For a truck with a wheel gauge larger than 1.8 m (6 ft), the process of issuing a permit for an overload truck requires a tremendous amount of engineering efforts. This is because the wheel load girder distribution factors (GDFs) in the design specifications cannot be used to estimate the live-load effect in the girders. In some cases, an expensive and time-consuming finite element analysis may be needed to check the safety of the structure. In this study, the finite element method is used to develop a modification factor for the GDF in AASHTO’s LRFD Bridge Design Specifications to account for oversized trucks with a wheel gauge larger than 1.8 m. To develop this factor, nine bridges were considered with various numbers of girders, span lengths, girder spacings, and deck slab thicknesses. The results indicated that use of the proposed modification factor with the GDF in the design specifications can help increase the allowable load on slab-on-girder bridges.

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders: Employment Issues in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Marlene Kim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Native Hawaiians ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Unemployment Rates

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) in the United States face problems of discrimination, the glass ceiling, and very high long-term unemployment rates. As a diverse population, although some Asian Americans are more successful than average, others, like those from Southeast Asia and Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPIs), work in low-paying jobs and suffer from high poverty rates, high unemployment rates, and low earnings. Collecting more detailed and additional data from employers, oversampling AAPIs in current data sets, making administrative data available to researchers, providing more resources for research on AAPIs, and enforcing nondiscrimination laws and affirmative action mandates would assist this population.

scholarly journals Challenges in Bridge Health Monitoring: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4336
Author(s):  
Piervincenzo Rizzo ◽  
Alireza Enshaeian
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
The United States ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Bridge Health Monitoring ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Many ◽  
Major Factors

Bridge health monitoring is increasingly relevant for the maintenance of existing structures or new structures with innovative concepts that require validation of design predictions. In the United States there are more than 600,000 highway bridges. Nearly half of them (46.4%) are rated as fair while about 1 out of 13 (7.6%) is rated in poor condition. As such, the United States is one of those countries in which bridge health monitoring systems are installed in order to complement conventional periodic nondestructive inspections. This paper reviews the challenges associated with bridge health monitoring related to the detection of specific bridge characteristics that may be indicators of anomalous behavior. The methods used to detect loss of stiffness, time-dependent and temperature-dependent deformations, fatigue, corrosion, and scour are discussed. Owing to the extent of the existing scientific literature, this review focuses on systems installed in U.S. bridges over the last 20 years. These are all major factors that contribute to long-term degradation of bridges. Issues related to wireless sensor drifts are discussed as well. The scope of the paper is to help newcomers, practitioners, and researchers at navigating the many methodologies that have been proposed and developed in order to identify damage using data collected from sensors installed in real structures.

System-wide seismic vulnerability of aging multiple-span multiple-girder bridges in low-to-moderate seismic hazard regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1626-1651
Author(s):  
John E Lens M.EERI ◽  
Mandar M Dewoolkar ◽  
Eric M Hernandez M.EERI
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Time History ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Database ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Girder Bridges ◽  
The Status

This article describes the approach, methods, and findings of a quantitative analysis of the seismic vulnerability in low-to-moderate seismic hazard regions of the Central and Eastern United States for system-wide assessment of typical multiple span bridges built in the 1950s through the 1960s. There is no national database on the status of seismic vulnerability of bridges, and thus no means to estimate the system-wide damage and retrofit costs for bridges. The study involved 380 nonlinear analyses using actual time-history records matched to four representative low-to-medium hazard target spectra corresponding with peak ground accelerations from approximately 0.06 to 0.3 g. Ground motions were obtained from soft and stiff site seismic classification locations and applied to models of four typical multiple-girder with concrete bent bridges. Multiple-girder bridges are the largest single category, comprising 55% of all multiple span bridges in the United States. Aging and deterioration effects were accounted for using reduced cross-sections representing fully spalled conditions and compared with pristine condition results. The research results indicate that there is an overall low likelihood of significant seismic damage to these typical bridges in such regions, with the caveat that certain bridge features such as more extensive deterioration, large skews, and varied bent heights require bridge-specific analysis. The analysis also excludes potential damage resulting from liquefaction, flow-spreading, or abutment slumping due to weak foundation or abutment soils.

Origins and Destinations – Social Security Claimant Dynamics

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL NOBLE ◽  
SIN YI CHEUNG ◽  
GEORGE SMITH
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Income Support ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Lone Parents ◽  
Lone Mothers ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Short Time

This article briefly reviews American and British literature on welfare dynamics and examines the concepts of welfare dependency and ‘dependency culture’ with particular reference to lone parents. Using UK benefit data sets, the welfare dynamics of lone mothers are examined to explore the extent to which they inform the debates. Evidence from Housing Benefits data show that even over a relatively short time period, there is significant turnover in the benefits-dependent lone parent population with movement in and out of income support as well as movement into other family structures. Younger lone parents and owner-occupiers tend to leave the data set while older lone parents and council tenants are most likely to stay. Some owner-occupier lone parents may be relatively well off and on income support for a relatively short time between separation and a financial settlement being reached. They may also represent a more highly educated and highly skilled group with easier access to the labour market than renters. Any policy moves paralleling those in the United States to time limit benefit will disproportionately affect older lone parents.

Application of Earthquake Resistance Analysis Technique in the Design of Constructional Engineering

2013 ◽  
Vol 756-759 ◽  
pp. 4482-4486
Author(s):  
Chun Gan ◽  
Xue Song Luo
Keyword(s):  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Time History ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Architectural Engineering ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Earthquake Resistant ◽  
History Of

In recent years, frequent earthquakes have caused great casualties and economic losses in China. And in the earthquake, damage of buildings and the collapse is the main reason causing casualties. Therefore, in the design of constructional engineering, a seismicity of architectural structure is the pressing task at issue. Through time history analysis method, this paper analyzes the time history of building structural response and then it predicts the peak response of mode by response spectrum analysis. Based on this, this paper constructs a numerical simulation model for the architecture by using finite element analysis software SATWE. At the same time, this paper also calculates the structure seismic so as to determine the design of each function structure in architectural engineering design and then provides reference for the realization of earthquake-resistant building.

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