Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Ratio, Mineral Solution & Inoculum Size in the Production of Xylanase Using Oil Palm Leaf

The production of xylanase by Aspergillusniger ATCC 16404 via solid state fermentation (SSF) system using oil palm leaves (OPL) as substrate was investigated. Fermentation parameters studied using one factor at a time (OFAT) technique, were carbon-nitrogen (C/N) ratio, mineral solution size and inoculums size. It was found that the optimum C/N ratio was at 0.4 with xylanase activity at 16.046 U/min. Meanwhile, the optimum size for both mineral solution size and inoculum size were at 1 ml with the xylanase activity recorded at 14.500 U/min and 19.057 U/min respectively. This shows that that the utilization of OPL as substrates in xylanase production using Aspergillusniger ATCC 16404 was a successful.

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Cost-Effective Production and Optimization of Alkaline Xylanase by Indigenous Bacillus mojavensis AG137 Fermented on Agricultural Waste

Enzyme Research ◽

10.4061/2011/593624 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Abbas Akhavan Sepahy ◽

Shokoofeh Ghazi ◽

Maryam Akhavan Sepahy

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Waste ◽

Xylanase Activity ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Inoculum Size ◽

Alkaline Condition ◽

Xylanase Production ◽

Bacillus Mojavensis ◽

Oat Bran ◽

Higher Temperature

A xylanase producer Bacillus mojavensis strain, called AG137, isolated from cotton farm (Kashan-Iran). The optimal xylanase activity reached at 55∘C & pH 9.0. Enzyme yield was studied using a medium with different agricultural wastes as inducers. Xylanase production of about 249.308 IU/mL was achieved at pH 8 and 37∘C, within 48 h submerged fermentation in enzyme production medium supplemented with 2% (w/v) oat bran as an optimum carbon source. A mixture of 1% (w/v) yeast extract and 1% (w/v) tryptone as optimum nitrogen sources, agitation speed 200 rpm, and inoculum size 2% (v/v) were the optimums for maximum production. Accordingly, xylanase yield from 194.68 IU/mL under non-optimized fermentation condition enhanced to 302.466 IU/mL in optimized condition. Screened xylanase is thermostable, presenting 70% stability at 60∘C during 30 min. Further enzyme incubation in higher temperature caused a decrease in the residual enzyme activity, yet it retained 68%–50% of its activity after 1 hour from 45∘C to 55∘C. Besides, it is stable in pH 9 and 10, maintaining over 70% of its activity for 2 h. The enzyme also could preserve 71% and 63% of its initial activity after 3 hours of pre-incubation in the same alkaline condition. Produced xylanase therefore was introduced as an alkaline-active and stable one, displaying suitable thermostability feature, confirmed by HPLC analysis. Hence, all xylanase properties highlight its promising uses in industrial scale.

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Screening of Culture Conditions for Production of Xylanase from Landfill Soil Bacteria

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.22146/ijc.39709 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 470 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Siti Nor Amira Rosli ◽

Rohaida Che Man ◽

Nasratun Masngut

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Nitrogen Source ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Xylanase Activity ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Inoculum Size ◽

Xylanase Production ◽

Initial Ph

Culture conditions including initial pH media, incubation period, inoculum size, type of carbon source, type of nitrogen source and its concentration, which affect xylanase production were screened via the one-factor-at-a-time approach. The bacteria used in the production of xylanase was isolated from the landfill site at Sg. Ikan, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Three characterizations of the landfill soil were investigated for their moisture content, ash content, and pH. The culture conditions range used in the experimental work were between 6–30 h for the incubation period, with initial pH between 5–9, inoculum size between 1–20% v/v, carbon, nitrogen sources, and nitrogen source concentration between 1–5% w/v. Xylanase activity was estimated using dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) based on the release of xylose under standard assay conditions. The landfill soil was observed to have pH between pH 3.4–7.2 with a moisture content between 12.4–33.7% and ash ranged between 3.5–4.3%. Results showed that the highest xylanase activity within studied ranges was recorded at 25.91±0.0641 U/mL with 10% (v/v) inoculum size, 1% (w/v) xylose as sole carbon source, mixture of 1% (w/v) peptone and 0.25% (w/v) ammonium sulphate as nitrogen sources, which was carried out at initial pH of 8.0 for 24 h incubation.

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Optimization of production and partial characterization of xylanase from a newly isolated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Ciência e Natura ◽

10.5902/2179460x42741 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e9

Author(s):

Bruno Las-Casas Chaves ◽

Ana Paula Martinazzo ◽

Brisabella Coca ◽

Adriane Nunes De Souza ◽

Carlos Eduardo Teodoro

Keyword(s):

Carbon Sources ◽

Xylanase Activity ◽

Residual Activity ◽

Inoculum Size ◽

Production Optimization ◽

Partial Characterization ◽

Birchwood Xylan ◽

Xylanase Production ◽

Local Soil

This paper reports the process of production optimization and partial characterization of xylanase from a newly isolated Bacillus amyloliquefacies VR002, isolated from local soil. The microorganism exhibited maximum xylanase production when 1.0% (v/v) of inoculum size was added to culture medium with initial pH 6, 1.0% (w/v) birchwood xylan, at 35 °C after 48h of incubation. Xylanase production in different carbon sources apart from birchwood xylan and xylose did not show high production levels. Optimum pH for xylanase activity was 6.0. The enzyme was alkali-stable and retained 100% of residual activity over the pH range from 6.0 to 10.0 for 24 h at 25°C. Optimum temperature for enzyme activity was 55°C. Xylanase was 100% stable at 4°C and 25°C even after 24h of incubation, a desirable characteristic for enzyme storage. Moreover, best crude extract volume and time reaction were found to be 10 µL and 5 min, respectively. After optimization of production and activity parameters, an increase of nearly 60-fold in xylanase activity (44.12 ± 4.36 U/mL) was achieved. Characteristics of B. amyloliquefaciens VR002 xylanase are particularly desirable for biotechnological applications

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Environmental significance of atrazine in aqueous systems and its removal by biological processes: an overview

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.000306 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 159-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Ground Water ◽

Water Environment ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Biological Degradation ◽

Environmental Significance ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽

Nitrogen Ratio ◽

Living Organisms

Atrazine, a chlorinated s-triazine group of herbicide is one of the most widely used pesticides in the World. Due to its extensive use, long half-life and various toxic properties, it has very high environmental significance. Up to 22 mg l-1 of atrazine was found in ground water whereas permissible limit of atrazine is in ppb level in drinking water. As per Indian standard there should not be any pesticide present in drinking water. Among many other treatment processes available, Incineration, adsorption, chemical treatment, phytoremediation and biodegradation are the most commonly used ones. Biological degradation of atrazine depends upon various factors like the operating environment, external carbon and nitrogen sources, carbon/ nitrogen ratio (C/N), water content and the bacterial strain. Although, general atrazine degradation pathways are available, the specific pathways in specific conditions are not yet clearly defined. In this paper extensive review has been made on the occurrence of atrazine in surface and ground water bodies, probable sources and causes of its occurrence in water environment, the toxicity of atrazine on various living organisms and its removal by biological processes.

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Method for the Production and Purification of Plant Immuno-Active Xylanase from Trichoderma

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22084214 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 4214

Author(s):

Gautam Anand ◽

Meirav Leibman-Markus ◽

Dorin Elkabetz ◽

Maya Bar

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Plant Defense ◽

Plant Immunity ◽

Xylanase Activity ◽

Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽

Adaptive Immune System ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Plant Defense Responses ◽

Xylanase Production ◽

Ideal System

Plants lack a circulating adaptive immune system to protect themselves against pathogens. Therefore, they have evolved an innate immune system based upon complicated and efficient defense mechanisms, either constitutive or inducible. Plant defense responses are triggered by elicitors such as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). These components are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which include plant cell surface receptors. Upon recognition, PRRs trigger pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Ethylene Inducing Xylanase (EIX) is a fungal MAMP protein from the plant-growth-promoting fungi (PGPF)–Trichoderma. It elicits plant defense responses in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), making it an excellent tool in the studies of plant immunity. Xylanases such as EIX are hydrolytic enzymes that act on xylan in hemicellulose. There are two types of xylanases: the endo-1, 4-β-xylanases that hydrolyze within the xylan structure, and the β-d-xylosidases that hydrolyze the ends of the xylan chain. Xylanases are mainly synthesized by fungi and bacteria. Filamentous fungi produce xylanases in high amounts and secrete them in liquid cultures, making them an ideal system for xylanase purification. Here, we describe a method for cost- and yield-effective xylanase production from Trichoderma using wheat bran as a growth substrate. Xylanase produced by this method possessed xylanase activity and immunogenic activity, effectively inducing a hypersensitive response, ethylene biosynthesis, and ROS burst.

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Synergistic Effect of Different Plant Cell Wall–Degrading Enzymes Is Important for Virulence of Fusarium graminearum

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-07-17-0179-r ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (11) ◽

pp. 886-895 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Maria Chiara Paccanaro ◽

Luca Sella ◽

Carla Castiglioni ◽

Francesca Giacomello ◽

Ana Lilia Martínez-Rocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Fusarium Graminearum ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Xylanase Activity ◽

Cellulase Activity ◽

Wild Type ◽

Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽

Xylanase Production ◽

Significant Difference

Endo-polygalacturonases (PGs) and xylanases have been shown to play an important role during pathogenesis of some fungal pathogens of dicot plants, while their role in monocot pathogens is less defined. Pg1 and xyr1 genes of the wheat pathogen Fusarium graminearum encode the main PG and the major regulator of xylanase production, respectively. Single- and double-disrupted mutants for these genes were obtained to assess their contribution to fungal infection. Compared with wild-type strain, the ∆pg mutant showed a nearly abolished PG activity, slight reduced virulence on soybean seedlings, but no significant difference in disease symptoms on wheat spikes; the ∆xyr mutant was strongly reduced in xylanase activity and moderately reduced in cellulase activity but was as virulent as wild type on both soybean and wheat plants. Consequently, the ΔpgΔxyr double mutant was impaired in xylanase, PG, and cellulase activities but, differently from single mutants, was significantly reduced in virulence on both plants. These findings demonstrate that the concurrent presence of PG, xylanase, and cellulase activities is necessary for full virulence. The observation that the uronides released from wheat cell wall after a F. graminearum PG treatment were largely increased by the fungal xylanases suggests that these enzymes act synergistically in deconstructing the plant cell wall.

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Effects of inoculum size on ethanol inhibition modeling and other fermentation parameters

Biotechnology and Bioengineering ◽

10.1002/bit.260290512 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 633-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J. L. Vega ◽

A. R. Navarro ◽

E. C. Clausen ◽

J. L. Gaddy

Keyword(s):

Inoculum Size ◽

Ethanol Inhibition ◽

Fermentation Parameters

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Parametric Study on Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Aqueous Elaise Guineensis (Oil palm) Leaf Extract: Effect of Precursor Concentration

Procedia Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.558 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 148 ◽

pp. 1396-1401 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tausif Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Irfan ◽

Sekhar Bhattacharjee

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticle ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Parametric Study ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽

Precursor Concentration ◽

Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽

Palm Leaf

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The effects of oil palm leaf meal-based diets on the growth performance and haematological indices of Red Sokoto goats

Journal of Agriculture Forestry and the Social Sciences ◽

10.4314/joafss.v17i1.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 27-34

Author(s):

A.I. Ukanwoko ◽

C.T. Alfred

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Leaf Meal ◽

Haematological Indices ◽

Palm Leaf

An experiment was carried out to determine the growth performance and haematological indices of Red Sokoto goats placed on oil palm leaf meal (OPLM)-wheat offal based diet. Six goats aged 12-18 months, weighing 15 – 20kg were randomly assigned to three treatments, comprising two animals each in a Completely Randomized Design. Each animal received 1kg of the diet daily for 56 days and weighed weekly. Results showed that final body weight was significant (P<0.05) with goats on T3 having the highest (21.50kg). The feed intake, body weight gain and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were significantly different (P<0.05). T3 had the highest feed intake (305.35g/d), highest body weight gain (90.84g/d) and the best FCR (3.36). Significant differences (P <0.05) were observed in the Red Blood Cell (RBC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Haemoglobin (Hb) counts, ranging between 3.12 - 4.20x106ml; 23.00 -30.50% and 7.70 - 10.15g/dl respectively with goats on T3 having the highest. The inclusion of OPLM enhanced body weight gain, FCR, RBC, PCV, and Hb counts of the goats. Therefore the oil palm leaf meal diets are recommended for better goat production. Key word: Growth performance; Oil Palm Leaf meal., Blood profile., Creatinine., Red Sokoto Goat.

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