Elasticity of Calcium Silicate Brick Masonry Wall Due to Sulphate Attack

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Mohamad H. Wan ◽  
B.H. Abu Bakar ◽  
M.A. Megat Johari ◽  
P.J. Ramadhansyah
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Brick Masonry ◽  
Sulphate Solution ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Sulphate Attack ◽  
Sulphate Concentration

The aim of this study is to investigate the behaviour of the calcium silicate brick masonry wall exposed to sulphate condition. This paper presents some result about the effect of sodium sulphate attack on the elasticity of the calcium silicate brick masonry structures. All specimens were cured under polythene sheet for 14 days in environmental controlled room with temperature of 25± 2°C and 80 ± 5% relative humidity. After curing, the specimens were exposed to sodium sulphate solution before tested at 14, 28, 56 and 180 days respectively. As a result, the modulus of elasticity of the calcium silicate brick masonry wall reduces with the increase of sulphate concentration.

Influence of Sulphate on the Moisture Movement of Calcium Silicate Brick Masonry Wall

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Mohamad H. Wan ◽  
B.H. Abu Bakar ◽  
M.A. Megat Johari ◽  
P.J. Ramadhansyah
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Brick Masonry ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Moisture Movement ◽  
Moisture Expansion ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
Wet Condition

This paper presents the behaviour of moisture movement of calcium silicate brick masonry walls exposed to sodium sulphate environment. The walls were exposed to three sodium sulphate conditions with sulphate concentrations of5%, 10% and 15%. For comparison, some walls were also exposed to dry and wet condition which acts as a control conditions. All specimens were prepared and cured under polythene sheet for 14 days in a controlled environmental room and maintained at relative humidity and temperature of 80 ± 5% and 25 ± 2°C, respectively. After the curing period, the specimens were exposed to sodium sulphate as well as drying and water exposures, during which moisture movement was measured and monitored for a period of up to 7 months. As a result, the moisture expansion was observed and recorded for all masonry wall specimens after exposed to the sulphate condition.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Brick Masonry Strengthening Practice by Special Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1529-1533
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Brick Masonry ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Metal Mesh

This study aims to identify the best suitable method to enhance strength and the structural performance of masonry. There are different techniques available to strengthen the existing and new masonry structures. This paper deals the metal/mesh embedment in the masonry wall, strengthening by added different polymers and textile strips, masonry grout, engineered cementitious materials (ECC) and interlocking masonry method. The comparison of different unique masonry strengthening methods helps us to provide a better suggestion for construction issues. In contrast to the conventional method, welded wire mesh gives better results than all other ways. Also, embedment of TRM, ECC, FRP, GFRP, CFRP, and interlocking holds an excellent performance in some other aspects.

scholarly journals Performance of Self Compacting Concrete Incorporating Coarse Recycled Concrete Aggregates Exposed to Sulphate Attack

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 4797-4806
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Sulphate Solution ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Recycled Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Sulphate Attack ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Coarse Recycled Concrete Aggregate

The interpretation of the performance of self-compacting concrete made with distinct proportion of coarse recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) exposed to sodium sulphate solution (50 gram/litre) under fully immersion condition is studied in this paper. Compressive and tensile strength development/degradation, mass change and length change under sulphate attack was surveyed for all tested units. According to the results it can be conclude that the use of coarse recycled concrete aggregate does not affect the development of strength of concrete with respect to natural material mixtures. It also conclude that for producing of sustainable and green concrete, the quality of used coarse recycled concrete aggregate is an important factor. The differ proportion of coarse recycled concrete aggregate & duration of immersion of concrete in sulphate solution also affect the concrete properties. Reusing recycled combination has twin property benefits: benefiting many tons dismantled concrete worldwide and conserving natural aggregates.

scholarly journals Understanding Deterioration due to Salt and Ice Crystallization in Scandinavian Massive Brick Masonry

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 349-370
Author(s):  
Kristin Balksten ◽  
Paulien Strandberg-de Bruijn
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Brick Masonry ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Frost Action ◽  
Complex Functions ◽  
And Behavior

Extensive durability problems such as weathering and degradation are found in historic Scandinavian brick masonry buildings, especially from the neo-Gothic period. These are largely due to the crystallization of salts and frost action in the bricks and mortars. This article aims to show and illustrate which salts and crystals are found in historic brick masonry buildings and to describe their appearance and behavior. An additional aim is to explore possibilities of preventing salt-related damage on internal masonry wall surfaces, such as using hemp-lime sacrificial plaster beneath the plaster. The objective is to show the mechanisms behind salt-related problems and to perform a case study and a laboratory study on salt-damaged brick masonry containing sodium sulphate. In order to prevent and stop damage to the masonry, it is important to be able to identify the nature of the salt damage and the type of salt that caused the damage. Neo-Gothic brick masonry buildings require well-planned, continuous maintenance of the masonry. It is therefore of the utmost importance to have an understanding of the complex functions of the masonry and of the salts that can cause damage to these historic buildings.

scholarly journals Prediction models of mechanical properties for pet-mortar composite in sodium sulphateaggressive mediums

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 01051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Kazi Tani ◽  
A.S. Benosman ◽  
Y. Senhadji ◽  
H. Taïbi ◽  
M. Mouli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Aggressive Medium ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Sulphate Attack ◽  
Volume Fractions ◽  
Resistance Coefficients

In this research, an investigation was carried out on the effect of sodium sulphate attack on the durability of composites produced with waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Experiments were accomplished on limestone sand and cement mortars where the blended Portland cement was partially replaced by various volume fractions of waste PET particles (6%, 12% and 17%). The test solutions used to supply the sulphate ions and cations were 5%sodium sulphate solution. Compressive strengths measured on specimens were used to assess the changes in the mechanical properties of PET-mortars exposed to sulphate attack at different ages, mainly the Young modulus of elasticity. Based on experimental compressive tests on PETMortar composite specimens and there densities, the evolution of Young modulus of elasticity has been analyzed in accordance with normative models given by (ACI-318) and (BS-8110) codes of practice. In addition, a comparative study has been carried out for corrosion resistance coefficients K of unmodified mortar to those modified with waste PET particles. It can be noticed that, for the composite immersed in a corrosive Na2SO4 solution, the corrosion resistance coefficients decrease with the increase of the immersion period. The corrosion sulphate resistance K based on Young modulus before and after immersion of PET-mortar composites is better than that of the control mortar. Therefore, for safety considerations of PET-mortar composites use, ACI 318 is recommended code for design and investigation works. Also, it can be concluded that adding waste PET by volume fractions (6%, 12% and 17%) to blend Portland cement renders this cement more resistant to the sodium sulphate aggressive medium. Therefore, composites materials based waste PET aare often presented as the materials of the future because of their potential for innovation and the advantages they offer. In fact, using waste PET as cement substitutes reduces the energy consumption. These modified mortars address problems related to environmental pollution by CO2 emissions, and are used to repair various reinforced concrete structures in sodium sulphate aggressive mediums.

scholarly journals The impact of air content on the durability of concrete under combined sulphate and freezethaw attack

2018 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 05002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Marczewska ◽  
Wojciech Piasta
Keyword(s):  
Air Entrainment ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Sulphate Solution ◽  
Sulphate Attack ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Air Content ◽  
Concrete Damage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Air Entrained Concrete

The aim of the study was to determine the optimal air content in concretes subjected a combination of exposure conditions. Five series of concretes with different air contents were tested. The article reports the experimental results of the combined sulphate expansion and freeze-thaw attack in ordinary Portland cement concrete. Some of the concrete samples were immersed in a 5% sodium sulphate solution for nine months, and then frozen in air and thawed in water. The resistance of concrete to plain freezing and thawing was also tested. In order to compare the degree of concrete damage in both environments, long-term linear deformations (expansion) and compressive strength of concretes were investigated. To explain the complex damaging process the air-void structure in concretes was investigated. The changes in concrete microstructure after storing in sodium sulphate solution were observed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The prior sulphate attack significantly accelerated the deterioration of non-air-entrained concrete and air-entrained concrete with low content of air voids. Optimal air entrainment will protect concrete from the harmful effects of the interaction of sulphate attack and freezethaw damage.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOUR OF CALCIUM SILICATE HOLLOW BLOCKS MASONRY SUBJECTED TO THE CONCENTRATED LOAD

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Zavalis
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Masonry Unit ◽  
Concentrated Load ◽  
Partition Wall ◽  
Reinforced Beams ◽  
Wooden Structures ◽  
Experimental And Numerical Modeling

Loading of masonry with concentrated load is a sufficiently common case of loading which occurs due to structures of various purposes and sizes which lean against masonry wall, column or partition wall. Reinforced concrete or metal beams, reinforced beams, wooden structures of roof or span are leaned against masonry structures most usually. Investigations show that masonry structures under concentrated load withstand higher loads than structures of which the whole surface area is compressed. In most cases traditional bricks’ masonry under concentrated load was investigated. Its head joints are filled with mortar. This paper describes the experimental and numerical modeling results of investigation of calcium silicate hollow blocks masonry with thin layered mortar and unfilled head joints compressed by concentrated load. The more dangerous case when the edge of masonry unit (wall) is affected by concentrated load was chosen for analysis. Preliminary investigations have shown that the bed joints transmiss horizontal stresses. The stress distribution angle is close to 60°, i.e. close to stress distribution in masonry with filled head joints.

Monitoring of Chemical Resistance of New Grouting Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Petr Figala ◽  
Rostislav Drochytka ◽  
Vit Černý ◽  
Radek Hermann ◽  
Jiří Kolísko
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Sulphate Solution ◽  
Sulphate Attack ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Foundry Sand ◽  
Waste Foundry Sand ◽  
Grouting Materials

This paper deals with the study of chemical resistance of new cement-based grout for invert grouting. The aim of this work is to verify new mixtures with specific admixtures. The study monitors resistance to external sulphate attack. Specimens were placed into sulphate solution 29.8 g∙l-1 (44 g∙l-1 Na2SO4) according to DIN19753 standard. Based on the results gained, new mixtures will be designed and optimized by addition of suitable secondary raw materials (fly ash, waste foundry sand, waste glass, waste filers).

scholarly journals Research on Damage Characteristics of Brick Masonry under Explosion Load

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jifeng Wei ◽  
Zhixin Du ◽  
Yonghui Zheng ◽  
Oundavong Ounhueane
Keyword(s):  
Power Function ◽  
Explosive Charge ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Brick Masonry ◽  
Ejection Velocity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Damage Characteristics ◽  
Explosion Load ◽  
The Relationship

As the main structural component of partition wall or load-bearing wall, brick masonry has been widely used in construction engineering. However, brick and mortar are all brittle materials prone to crack. Nowadays, fireworks, gas stoves, high-pressure vessels, and other military explosives may explode to damage nearby structures. Many explosion casualties had shown that the load-bearing capacity of brick masonry decreased dramatically and cracks or fragments appeared. Previous studies mainly focused on noncontact explosion in which shock wave is the main damage element. In fact, the response and damage effect of brick masonry wall under contact explosion are more complex, which attracts more attention now. In order to explore the damage characteristics of brick masonry under explosion load, a series of simulations and verification experiments are conducted. RHT and MO granular material models are introduced to describe the behaviour of brick and masonry, respectively, in simulation. The combination effect of front compressive wave and back tensile wave are main factors influencing the breakage of masonry wall. The experimental results are well in accordance with the simulation results. The front cross section dimension of crater is closely related to the radius of spherical explosive charge. A power function predictive model is developed to express the relationship between the radius of hole and the radius of explosive. Furthermore, with increasing the quantity of explosive charge, the number and ejection velocity of fragments are all increased. The relationship between maximum ejection velocity and the quantity of explosive also can be expressed as a power function model.

Experimental study on seismic performance of fire-exposed perforated brick masonry wall

2018 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 77-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Hao Ma ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Qingfeng Xu ◽  
Weibin Li
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Brick Masonry
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