Preparation and Decolorization Properties of Active Industrial Vermiculites

2010 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 210-215
Author(s):  
Bai Li Su ◽  
Tong Jiang Peng ◽  
Guo Hua Ma
Keyword(s):  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Rate Testing ◽  
Cationic Exchange ◽  
Decoloration Rate

Based on cationic exchange and adsorption properties of industrial vermiculites, acid-activation processing and decoloration rate testing for industrial raw vermiculite samples industrial vermiculite samples from the Yuli Mine in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were researched. Some factors that influenced the acid-activated products adsorption and the decolorization performance were investigated, such as acid concentration, activation time, activation temperature etc., and optimum process conditions were developed as follows: the acid concentration was 3.0 mol/L, the activation time was 3 h and the activation temperature was 90°C, under these conditions, the decoloration rate of acid-activated sample was 88.46%.

scholarly journals Production of activated carbon from sludge and herb residue of traditional Chinese medicine industry and its application for methylene blue removal

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1333-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenwei Yu ◽  
Qi Gao ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Dandan Wang ◽  
Innocent Nyalala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Ratio

Sludge-based activated carbon (SAC) was prepared with sewage sludge and Chinese medicine herbal residues (CMHR’s). An orthogonal experimental design method was used to determine the optimum preparation conditions. The effects of the impregnation ratio, activation temperature, activation time, and addition ratio of CMHR’s on the iodine value and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of activated carbon were studied. X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the prepared SAC. The results showed that the optimal process conditions for preparing the SAC were as follows: an impregnation ratio of 1:4, an activation time of 30 min, an activation temperature of 700 °C, and an addition ratio of CMHR’s of 40%. The adsorption balance of the methylene blue dye was examined at room temperature. Adsorption isotherms were obtained by fitting the data using the Langmuir and Freundlich models, which showed that methylene blue adsorption was most suitable for the Langmuir equation. The results demonstrated that SAC prepared from SS and CMHR’s from a Chinese medicine factory could effectively expel dyes from wastewater.

scholarly journals Optimization of process conditions for preparation of activated carbon from waste Salix psammophila and its adsorption behavior on fluoroquinolone antibiotics

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 2555-2565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Yibei Wan ◽  
Penglei Liu ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Weihua Zou
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Adsorption Behavior ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics ◽  
Equilibrium Data

Abstract Salix psammophila (SP), a solid waste abundantly available, was applied as a precursor to prepare the activated carbon by chemical activation method using phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the prepared conditions of activated carbon. The effects of concentration of H3PO4, activation temperature and activation time on the adsorption performance (expressed by the adsorption capacity of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP) and norfloxacin (NOR)) were investigated. The optimum conditions were obtained using H3PO4 concentration of 67.83%, activation temperature of 567.44 °C and activation time of 86.61 min. The optimum activated carbon (SPAC) was characterized with scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption behavior of CIP and NOR on SPAC was carried out and the mechanisms for the adsorption process were proposed. The equilibrium data were fitted by the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models, which resulted in 251.9 mg/g and 366.9 mg/g of the maximum monolayer adsorption for CIP and NOR at 25 °C, respectively. The best fitted kinetic model was pseudo-second-order, implying that chemisorption dominated in the adsorption process. This study indicated that activated carbon based on Salix psammophila (SPAC) was an excellent adsorbent for removing fluoroquinolone antibiotics from aqueous solutions.

Optimization of Degrading Poly-Containing Wastewater Conditions of Mixed Bacteria by Orthogonal Experiments

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2386-2390
Author(s):  
Jiang Hong Liu ◽  
Rui Dan Xu ◽  
Yang Pan ◽  
Yuan Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Phosphorus Sources ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Mixed Bacteria

The factor influencing on the mixed bacteria to degrade wastewater containing poly-containing conditions were optimized. Crude oil as a source of carbon, the effects of nitrogen sources, phosphorus sources, time, inoculation amount, temperature, mineralization content, initial pH value and activation time on degrading poly-containing wastewater were investigated by experiment of single factor and orthogonal experiments. The optimum process conditions were as follows: polyacrylamide (HPAM) which comes from waste water as a source of nitrogen, without other nitrogen source, K2HPO4 was phosphorus sources, the microorganisms activation time was 2, incubation time was 3d, initial pH value was 7, the inoculum size was 5%(v/v), incubation temperature was 35°C, the mineralization degree was 4000 mg•L-1. The main factors affecting degradation rate was nitrogen sources, time, pH, activation time, inoculum size and mineralization content.

Study on the Hydrolysis of Corn Stalk and Photosynthetic Bacteria Group Fermentation Hydrogen Production

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 2187-2190
Author(s):  
Bao Chen Cui ◽  
Guo Xin Zhang ◽  
Bo Hou ◽  
Jing Yan Zhao ◽  
Rui Li
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Photosynthetic Bacteria ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Hydrolysis Temperature

Hydrogen production of photosynthetic bacteria group (PSBG) was studied using corn stalk hydrolyzate as hydrogen production substrate. The effects of sulfuric acid concentration, hydrolysis pH values and hydrolysis temperature on hydrogen production were investigated. The optimum process conditions were as follows: the sulfuric acid concentration was 1%, hydrolysis pH value was 6.0 and the hydrolysis temperature was 110°C , respectively. Three hydrolyzate detoxification methods were compared. The method of calcium hydroxide obtained the optimal detoxification effect and the maximum hydrogen yield was 472 mL H2/ (L-medium).

Experimental investigation on the preparation of active carbon with cottonwood based on phosphoric acid activation method

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-536
Author(s):  
Junxia Zhang ◽  
Zehua Wang ◽  
Lihua Zou
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
Methylene Blue Solution ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Blue Solution

Active carbon was prepared experimentally by means of drying and crushing cottonwood via the phosphoric acid activation method. The effects of the activation temperature, impregnation ratio, phosphoric acid concentration, and activation time on the performance of the active carbon were analyzed. The optimum parameters of active carbon preparation, including the 60% concentration of the phosphoric acid, 1:4 impregnation ratio, 4 h activation time, and 500 °C activation temperature, were proposed. The features of the active carbon were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The specific surface area was 1020 m2 · g-1, and the average pore diameter and the overall pore volume were 3.01 nm and 0.96 cm3 · g-1, respectively. These active carbon performance parameters prepared via the present method were compared with experimental data from relevant references. The adsorbance of the active carbon to the methylene blue solution was analyzed. Results showed that the adsorbance of the active carbon increased with the increment in the concentration of the methylene blue solution, stirring time, and the dosage of the active carbon. Therefore, 9.2% is the best adsorption amount of active carbon to the methylene blue solution at 25 mg/L methylene blue solution concentration, 30 mg active carbon mass fraction, and 4 h stirring time.

scholarly journals Optimum Process Parameters for Activated Carbon Production from Rice Husk for Phenol Adsorption

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Iheanacho Chamberlain Ositadinma ◽  
Nwabanne Joseph Tagbo ◽  
Onu Chijioke Elijah
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Carbon Production

Aim: The determination of optimum process parameters in the production of activated carbon from rice husk for the uptake of phenol from aqueous solution was the focus of this work. Study Design: The optimization was designed using response surface methodology. Methodology: Central composite design (CCD) was used to generate the design matrix and analyze the result obtained. Carbonization temperature, percentage acid concentration and carbonization time were the factors considered. Tetraoxophosphoric acid (H3PO4) was employed in the activation process. The surface area was determined using the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption method. Results: The result indicated the optimum process conditions as carbonization temperature of 575ºC, time of 240 minutes and 45 percentage acid concentration. This gave 96.5% adsorption efficiency of phenol from aqueous solution. There was good agreement between the experimental values and the predicted values. The BET surface area of the activated carbon was 471.1 m2/s. Conclusion: This work has optimized the process conditions for activated carbon production from rice husk for effective adsorption of phenol from wastewater.

Preparation of Copper Oxide Loaded Activated Carbon by Waste Sawdust for Acid Red GR Wastewater Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Quan Jiang ◽  
Zheng Qiang Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Copper Nitrate ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Wood Dust ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Color And Cod Removal

The waste wood dust was utilized to prepare the copper oxide loaded activated carbon for the treatment of the printing and dyeing wastewater (acid red GR wastewater). The response surface assisted with Design-Expert 7.0 software was used to optimize the process. The secondary multiple regression models for the color and COD removal rates were established and proven to be significant. The optimum process conditions determined by the software were: copper nitrate (0.5mol/L) 15mL, ratio of liquid to solid 56, activation temperature 690 °C and activation time 2.1h, under which the color and COD removal rates reached 99.8% and 88.34%, respectively.

Analyzing the Effect of Fiber, Yarn and Fabric Variables on Bagging Behavior of Single Jersey Weft Knitted Fabrics

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitra Karimian ◽  
Hossein Hasani ◽  
Saeed Ajeli
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Yarn Twist ◽  
Fabric Density ◽  
Fabric Structure ◽  
Controllable Factors ◽  
Yarn Count ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Single Jersey

This research investigates the effect of fiber, yarn and fabric variables on the bagging behavior of single jersey weft knitted fabrics interpreted in terms of bagging fatigue percentage. In order to estimate the optimum process conditions and to examine the individual effects of each controllable factor on a particular response, Taguchi's experimental design was used. The controllable factors considered in this research are blending ratio, yarn twist and count, fabric structure and fabric density. The findings show that fabric structure has the largest effect on the fabric bagging. Factor yarn twist is second and is followed by fabric density, blend ratio and yarn count. The optimum conditions to achieve the least bagging fatigue ratio were determined.

Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon Fibers from Jute Fibers by Phosphoric Acid Activation

2012 ◽  
Vol 184-185 ◽  
pp. 1110-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Fen He ◽  
Qi Xia Liu ◽  
Tao Ji ◽  
Qiang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Jute Fibers ◽  
Activating Agent

Various jute-based activated carbon fibers were prepared by using jute fibers as raw materials and phosphoric acid as activating agent. The effects of three main factors such as concentration of activating agent, activation temperature and activation time on the yield and adsorptive properties of active carbon fibers were investigated via orthogonal experiments. The surface physical morphology of jute-based activated carbon fiber was also observed by using Scanning Electron Microscope. Results showed that the optimum conditions were phosphoric acid concentration of 4 mol/L, activation temperature of 600 °C and activation time of 1h. The yield, iodine number and amount of methylene blue adsorption of the active carbon fiber prepared under optimum conditions were 37.99 %, 1208.87 mg/g and 374.65 mg/g, respectively.

Study on the Enzyme Desizing Process for Cotton Fabric Using Ultrasonication

2011 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 261-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Ming Zhao ◽  
Shan Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Fabric Strength ◽  
Enzyme Dosage

The auxiliary devices of ultrasonic treatment was designed and manufactured. The cotton fabric was desized using 2000L desizing enzyme with the conventional enzyme desizing process and ultrasonic enzyme desizing process respectively. Through the orthogonal experiment, the optimum process conditions of conventional enzyme desizing process and ultrasonic enzyme desizing process were determined. For the conventional enzyme desizing process, the optimized desizing conditions of cotton fabrics were: desizing enzyme dosage was 1.5g/l, temperature was 80°C, PH value was 6, and time was 60mins. The optimum process conditions of ultrasonic enzyme desizing process were: desizing enzyme dosage was 1.5g/l, temperature was 50°C, PH value was 6 and time was 45minutes. The research result indicates that, under the same desizing condition, ultrasonication can improve the desizing percentage and whiteness of cotton fabric, but the fabric strength loss increases slightly. And for the same required desizing percentage, the ultrasonic enzyme desizing process saved time and reduced the temperature of experiments compared with traditional enzyme desizing process

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