A View on the Organic Matter and Metalloporphyrins Biodegradation as Characteristic Components of Black Shale Ores

2007 ◽  
Vol 20-21 ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zygmunt Sadowski ◽  
A. Szubert ◽  
Irena Helena Maliszewska ◽  
Ewa Jazdzyk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Black Shale ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Streptomyces Species

High content of organic compounds is characteristic for black shale-type ores. Metalloporphyrins are known as the most stable and resistant for biodestruction compounds of organic matter. Based on results obtained in previous studies, four metalloporphyrins were synthesised [1]. The experiments of biodestruction of organic matter extracted from polish black shale ore samples and of the synthetic metalloporphyrins were provided using autochthonous, heterotrophic bacteria mixtures isolated form polish black shale samples, and two Streptomyces species. It was found that biodestruction of black shale organic matter and copper- and vanadylporphyrins is possible, but it is a long term process. Porphyrins of Ni and Fe were resistant to biodegradation.

Evaluation of wastewater characterization methods

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.-H. Choi ◽  
B. Klapwijk ◽  
A. Mels ◽  
H. Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Organic Components ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Curve Fit ◽  
The Difference

Wastewater contains various organic components with different physical and biochemical characteristics. ASM No. 1 distinguishes two categories of biodegradable organic matter in wastewater, rapidly and slowly biodegradable. In general there are two methods for wastewater characterization: based on filtration in combination with a long-term BOD test or based on a respirogram. By comparing both approaches, we showed that in wastewater three categories of organic compounds with different biodegradation rates can be distinguished. These categories are referred to as readily biodegradable, rapidly hydrolysable and slowly hydrolysable organic matter. The total biodegradable COD can be found from a long-term BOD-test combined with a curve-fit and the readily biodegradable and rapidly hydrolysable from a respirogram. The slowly hydrolysable is the difference between total biodegradable COD and the sum of readily biodegradable and rapidly hydrolysable COD. Simulation with characterization based on filtration for a pre-anoxic reactor with a certain N-removal compared with the N-removal of the same plant with wastewater according to the modified characterization shows different results of each wastewater, especially with regard to the effluent nitrate concentration.

Bacterial weathering of fossil organic matter and organic carbon mobilization from subterrestrial Kupferschiefer black shale: long-term laboratory studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Stasiuk ◽  
Agnieszka Włodarczyk ◽  
Przemysław Karcz ◽  
Marcin Janas ◽  
Aleksandra Skłodowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Black Shale ◽  
Laboratory Studies

scholarly journals Organic nitrogen storage in mineral soil: implications for policy and management

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 587-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Bingham ◽  
M. F. Cotrufo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Nitrogen Saturation ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Chemical Complexity ◽  
Long Term Storage

Abstract. Nitrogen is one of the most important ecosystem nutrients and often its availability limits net primary production as well as stabilization of soil organic matter. The long-term storage of nitrogen-containing organic matter in soils was classically attributed to chemical complexity of plant and microbial residues that retarded microbial degradation. Recent advances have revised this framework, with the understanding that persistent soil organic matter consists largely of chemically labile, microbially processed organic compounds. Chemical bonding to minerals and physical protection in aggregates are more important to long-term (i.e., centuries to millennia) preservation of these organic compounds that contain the bulk of soil nitrogen rather than molecular complexity, with the exception of nitrogen in pyrogenic organic matter. This review examines the factors and mechanisms that influence the long-term sequestration of organic nitrogen in mineral soils. It examines the policy and management implications which stem from this newly accepted paradigm, such as critical loads considerations and nitrogen saturation and mitigation consequences. Finally, it emphasizes how essential it is for this important but underappreciated pool to be better quantified and incorporated into policy and management decisions.

Deposition of Organic Compounds on Alpine Snow

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Francis ◽  
Dušan Materić ◽  
Elke Ludewig ◽  
Thomas Röckmann ◽  
Rupert Holzinger
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Transfer Reaction ◽  
Proton Transfer Reaction ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Glacial Ice ◽  
Surface Snow ◽  
Snow Samples

<p>Currently, little is understood about the deposition and re-volatilisation of organic matter (OM) in snow. Understanding this balance for individual organic compounds has the potential to provide important information about present and past atmospheric conditions. This research investigates in detail the deposition and re-volatilisation rates for specific atmospheric OM that are present in alpine snow. Captured in the blank canvas of snow, any dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface snow will reflect the relative abundances in the atmosphere once their deposition and revolatilisation rates are known. Likewise, DOM effectively preserved in glacial ice will also express relative atmospheric composition of past climates. A recent pilot study by D. Materić et al.[1] investigates the post-precipitation change of OM in snow near the Sonnblick Observatory in the Austrian Alps. Using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry, surface snow samples taken over several days were analyzed, and any organics found were grouped by their similar dynamics. This research expands on this study by analyzing snow samples over a larger spatial domain around Sonnblick during the course of five days in conjunction with long-term snow sampling currently underway at the observatory. Together, analysis of these samples will reveal changes in OM in surface snow over the course of the entire melt season. This research also considers both filtered and unfiltered snow samples to differentiate and identify OM of different sizes that are present within each sample. Long-term measurements of post-precipitation OM in surface snow will provide more coherent trends for deposition and re-volatilisation rates of organics, which can be used to tie future measurements of DOM in surface snow to atmospheric OM.</p>

scholarly journals Impacts of long-term plant residue management on soil organic matter quality, Pseudomonas community structure and disease suppressiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 396-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryony E.A. Dignam ◽  
Maureen O'Callaghan ◽  
Leo M. Condron ◽  
Jos M. Raaijmakers ◽  
George A. Kowalchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Organic Matter Quality ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Quality

Functional soil organic matter fractions in response to long-term fertilizer management in a double-cropping paddy field of southern China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Haiming Tang ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Lihong Shi ◽  
Li Wen ◽  
Kaikai Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Rice Paddy Field ◽  
Double Cropping

Abstract Soil organic matter (SOM) and its fractions play an important role in maintaining or improving soil quality and soil fertility. Therefore, the effects of a 34-year long-term fertilizer regime on six functional SOM fractions under a double-cropping rice paddy field of southern China were studied in the current paper. The field experiment included four different fertilizer treatments: chemical fertilizer alone (MF), rice straw residue and chemical fertilizer (RF), 30% organic manure and 70% chemical fertilizer (OM) and without fertilizer input as control (CK). The results showed that coarse unprotected particulate organic matter (cPOM), biochemically, physically–biochemically and chemically protected silt-sized fractions (NH-dSilt, NH-μSilt and H-dSilt) were the main carbon (C) storage fractions under long-term fertilization conditions, accounting for 16.7–26.5, 31.1–35.6, 16.2–17.3 and 7.5–8.2% of the total soil organic carbon (SOC) content in paddy soil, respectively. Compared with control, OM treatment increased the SOC content in the cPOM, fine unprotected POM fraction, pure physically protected fraction and physico-chemically protected fractions by 58.9, 106.7, 117.6 and 28.3%, respectively. The largest proportion of SOC to total SOC in the different fractions was biochemically protected, followed by chemically and unprotected, and physically protected were the smallest. These results suggested that a physical protection mechanism plays an important role in stabilizing C of paddy soil. In summary, the results showed that higher functional SOM fractions and physical protection mechanism play an important role in SOM cycling in terms of C sequestration under the double-cropping rice paddy field.

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