Evaluation of wastewater characterization methods

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.-H. Choi ◽  
B. Klapwijk ◽  
A. Mels ◽  
H. Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Organic Components ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Curve Fit ◽  
The Difference

Wastewater contains various organic components with different physical and biochemical characteristics. ASM No. 1 distinguishes two categories of biodegradable organic matter in wastewater, rapidly and slowly biodegradable. In general there are two methods for wastewater characterization: based on filtration in combination with a long-term BOD test or based on a respirogram. By comparing both approaches, we showed that in wastewater three categories of organic compounds with different biodegradation rates can be distinguished. These categories are referred to as readily biodegradable, rapidly hydrolysable and slowly hydrolysable organic matter. The total biodegradable COD can be found from a long-term BOD-test combined with a curve-fit and the readily biodegradable and rapidly hydrolysable from a respirogram. The slowly hydrolysable is the difference between total biodegradable COD and the sum of readily biodegradable and rapidly hydrolysable COD. Simulation with characterization based on filtration for a pre-anoxic reactor with a certain N-removal compared with the N-removal of the same plant with wastewater according to the modified characterization shows different results of each wastewater, especially with regard to the effluent nitrate concentration.

Determination of the Concentration of Organic Compounds using an Electrochemical Test System

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
N.V. Lukovtseva ◽  
V.A. Semenova ◽  
V.P. Lukovtsev ◽  
K.N. Bobov ◽  
E.M. Petrenko
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Test System ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Vector Representation ◽  
Electrochemical Test ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
The Difference

The research paper looks at the possibility of using an electrochemical test system to determine the concentration of organic compounds. The experiments were based on the fact that each class of organic substances required a specific test system. Since we were interested in sulfurcontaining organic compounds, the electrochemical test system was a solution containing cations of zinc, gallium, and copper. These metals can form complex compounds with sulfur-containing organic substances. When inserted into such a test system, organic substances of this class significantly alter its electrochemical behavior, which is reflected in stripping voltammograms. The experimental procedure and software made it possible to obtain the required number of parameters, which enabled a multisensory analysis on a single working (indicative) electrode. The stripping voltammograms recorded before and after addition of organic matter to the electrochemical test system were digitized; then one voltammogram (recorded when the test system contained no admixtures) was deducted from the other one (recorded when organic matter was added to the test system). The resulting difference curve was divided into segments; experiments showed that the number of segments should not exceed 20 or 30. These digitized curved sections were integrated in order to obtain a set of informative parameters, which can be viewed as a set of vectors, i.e., a multi-dimensional vector representation of each analyte. To visualize the results of the electroanalytical study, we represent the multidimensional image of organic substances of various concentrations as a number of vectors arranged in a circlel; the number of vectors corresponds to the number of sections of the difference curves in each experiment. The results show that the length of the vectors characterizing the difference curves decreases as the concentration of the analyzed organic matter decreases. In the limit, the curve visualizing organic matter with zero concentration takes the form of a circle, which indicates that there are no deviations from the stripping voltammogram of the electrochemical test system. Therefore, it can be concluded that the electrochemical test system can be certainly used for determining the concentration of organic compounds, producing quite reliable estimated results. This conclusion is confirmed by comparing the vector representation of analytes with the vector representations of organic substances of different concentrations, which constitute the database containing the results of experimental studies. Such a comparison is given in the form of a histogram reflecting the degree of proximity of the vector representation of the analyzed organic matter to substances from the database based on an estimate of Euclidean distances between the corresponding multidimensional vectors.

A View on the Organic Matter and Metalloporphyrins Biodegradation as Characteristic Components of Black Shale Ores

2007 ◽  
Vol 20-21 ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zygmunt Sadowski ◽  
A. Szubert ◽  
Irena Helena Maliszewska ◽  
Ewa Jazdzyk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Black Shale ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Streptomyces Species

High content of organic compounds is characteristic for black shale-type ores. Metalloporphyrins are known as the most stable and resistant for biodestruction compounds of organic matter. Based on results obtained in previous studies, four metalloporphyrins were synthesised [1]. The experiments of biodestruction of organic matter extracted from polish black shale ore samples and of the synthetic metalloporphyrins were provided using autochthonous, heterotrophic bacteria mixtures isolated form polish black shale samples, and two Streptomyces species. It was found that biodestruction of black shale organic matter and copper- and vanadylporphyrins is possible, but it is a long term process. Porphyrins of Ni and Fe were resistant to biodegradation.

scholarly journals Variation of soil organic matter depends on light-fraction organic matter under long-term monocropping of different crops  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Futao Zhang ◽  
Yunfa Qiao ◽  
Xiaozeng Han ◽  
Bin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Density Fractions ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Light Fraction Organic Matter ◽  
The Difference

Cultivating crops influences soil organic matter (SOM), but the effect of different crops remains unclear, particularly under long-term monocropping. The objective of this study was to identify how different crops influence the content and chemical structures of SOM under long-term monocropping. Here, soils were sampled (0–20 cm) under 27-year soybean and maize monocropping and separated into different physical fractions. The content and chemical structures of SOM in all fractions were determined. SOM contents were higher under soybean than maize in bulk soil and macroaggregates and their light-fractions instead of microaggregates and silt and clay. The difference in SOM chemical structure was observed in aggregates and density fractions rather than bulk soils and supported by the result of principal component analysis. The proportion of O-alkyl C in macro- and microaggregates and all free light fractions and that of aromatic C in mineral-associated fractions were higher, while that of carbonyl C was lower under maize than soybean. These results demonstrated that different crops monocropping influences the content and chemical structures of SOM, and the variations were mainly in the light-fraction SOM and highlight a higher sensitivity of physical fractions than bulk soil to different crops.  

scholarly journals Classifying organic materials by oxygen-to-carbon elemental ratio to predict the activation regime of Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5309-5324 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kuwata ◽  
W. Shao ◽  
R. Lebouteiller ◽  
S. T. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Elemental Ratio ◽  
Organic Components ◽  
Activation Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Activation Behavior

Abstract. The governing highly soluble, slightly soluble, or insoluble activation regime of organic compounds as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) was examined as a function of oxygen-to-carbon elemental ratio (O : C). New data were collected for adipic, pimelic, suberic, azelaic, and pinonic acids. Secondary organic materials (SOMs) produced by α-pinene ozonolysis and isoprene photo-oxidation were also included in the analysis. The saturation concentrations C of the organic compounds in aqueous solutions served as the key parameter for delineating regimes of CCN activation, and the values of C were tightly correlated to the O : C ratios. The highly soluble, slightly soluble, and insoluble regimes of CCN activation were found to correspond to ranges of [O : C] > 0.6, 0.2 < [O : C] < 0.6, and [O : C] < 0.2, respectively. These classifications were evaluated against CCN activation data of isoprene-derived SOM (O : C = 0.69–0.72) and α-pinene-derived SOM (O : C = 0.38–0.48). Isoprene-derived SOM had highly soluble activation behavior, consistent with its high O : C ratio. For α-pinene-derived SOM, although CCN activation can be modeled as a highly soluble mechanism, this behavior was not predicted by the O : C ratio, for which a slightly soluble mechanism was anticipated. Complexity in chemical composition, resulting in continuous water uptake and the absence of a deliquescence transition that can thermodynamically limit CCN activation, might explain the difference in the behavior of α-pinene-derived SOM compared to that of pure organic compounds. The present results suggest that atmospheric particles dominated by hydrocarbon-like organic components do not activate (i.e., insoluble regime) whereas those dominated by oxygenated organic components activate (i.e., highly soluble regime) for typical atmospheric cloud life cycles.

Characterization of natural organic matter in a shallow eutrophic lake

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.B. Thapa ◽  
F. Nakajima ◽  
H. Furumai
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Eutrophic Lake ◽  
Lake Kasumigaura ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Shallow Eutrophic Lake ◽  
The Difference

Natural organic matter (NOM) from five sampling stations of a shallow, eutrophic lake, Lake Kasumigaura was analyzed in four different seasons of a year by several NOM characterization methods including GPC and pyrolysis GC/MS with the objective of elucidating its characteristics as well as studying its temporal and spatial changes. A comparison was also made among the characteristics of NOM from this and two other lakes. The study showed that NOM in Lake Kasumigaura had comparable DOC, UVA260, and THMFP with that of Lake Inbanuma, but much higher than that of Lake Tsukui. Both molecular weight and polydispersities remained similar among those three sources but these values were significantly smaller in comparison with Suwannee River NOM. The similarity index analysis based on pyrochromatograms was useful to evaluate spatial and seasonal changes in NOM characteristics. Distinctive characteristics of NOM at KS1 (station near the mouth of Sakura River) were better explained by the difference in pyro-chromatograms rather than in general water quality. Except for KS1, the change in NOM characteristics in the lake water was found to be more pronounced in different seasons than at different locations.

scholarly journals DFT Study of The Interaction Characteristics Between the Organic Matter and Minerals In Coal-Series Kaolin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teng Huang ◽  
Lei Shaomin ◽  
He Zhihao ◽  
Man Chen ◽  
Men Li
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
State Density ◽  
Lower State ◽  
Adsorption Characteristic ◽  
Organic Components ◽  
Occurrence State ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract Coal-series kaolin is an associated mineral resource in coal mining process, often contains organic components and other discoloring impurities, which may lower the quality and limit the industrial application. However, the occurrence, stability of organic component and how they affect the surface physical and chemical properties of coal-series kaolin is known little. In this article, several representative organic components have been enrolled for analyzing the interactions with different minerals of the coal-series kaolin. Results shows that the unsaturated double bonds may be easier to adsorb with kaolinite, and the energy on C20H40 is the least among all the compositions. Among the different crystal planes of kaolinite, the (001) surface may possess higher adsorption characteristic on the organic molecules, which may be consistent with the crystal face index of the kaolinite. While the adsorption energy between the organic molecules and the impurities in coal-series kaolin was positive all the time, suggesting that the organic matter could only adsorb with kaolinite compared with the impurities such as pyrite, quartz and anatase. Calculations of state density also showed that the displacement of the energy band for kaolinite may shift to the lower state after adsorbed with different organic matter, also a rearrangement and significant increase of peak values for the state density may occur after adsorption. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for the occurrence state and stability differences of different organic matters on the coal-series kaolin, also further solve the long-term problems of restricting the whiteness and comprehensive utilization of coal-series kaolin resources.

scholarly journals Organic nitrogen storage in mineral soil: implications for policy and management

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 587-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Bingham ◽  
M. F. Cotrufo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Nitrogen Saturation ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Chemical Complexity ◽  
Long Term Storage

Abstract. Nitrogen is one of the most important ecosystem nutrients and often its availability limits net primary production as well as stabilization of soil organic matter. The long-term storage of nitrogen-containing organic matter in soils was classically attributed to chemical complexity of plant and microbial residues that retarded microbial degradation. Recent advances have revised this framework, with the understanding that persistent soil organic matter consists largely of chemically labile, microbially processed organic compounds. Chemical bonding to minerals and physical protection in aggregates are more important to long-term (i.e., centuries to millennia) preservation of these organic compounds that contain the bulk of soil nitrogen rather than molecular complexity, with the exception of nitrogen in pyrogenic organic matter. This review examines the factors and mechanisms that influence the long-term sequestration of organic nitrogen in mineral soils. It examines the policy and management implications which stem from this newly accepted paradigm, such as critical loads considerations and nitrogen saturation and mitigation consequences. Finally, it emphasizes how essential it is for this important but underappreciated pool to be better quantified and incorporated into policy and management decisions.

Soil organic matter changes and crops responses to fertiliser under conservation cropping systems in the semi-arid tropics of North Queensland, Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Cogle ◽  
J Littlemore ◽  
DH Heiner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Resource Protection ◽  
Careful Management ◽  
Semi Arid

Soil organic matter changes due to cropping in the semi-arid tropics were studied in an area with cropping potential. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen (N) decreased after clearing and tillage, but decline was less where pasture-crop rotations were used. Crop N removal was high and exceeded the recommended fertiliser N rate. These results suggest that if cropping expansion occurs, careful management the is necessary for long-term productivity and land resource protection.

Deposition of Organic Compounds on Alpine Snow

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Francis ◽  
Dušan Materić ◽  
Elke Ludewig ◽  
Thomas Röckmann ◽  
Rupert Holzinger
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Transfer Reaction ◽  
Proton Transfer Reaction ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Glacial Ice ◽  
Surface Snow ◽  
Snow Samples

&lt;p&gt;Currently, little is understood about the deposition and re-volatilisation of organic matter (OM) in snow. Understanding this balance for individual organic compounds has the potential to provide important information about present and past atmospheric conditions. This research investigates in detail the deposition and re-volatilisation rates for speci&amp;#64257;c atmospheric OM that are present in alpine snow. Captured in the blank canvas of snow, any dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface snow will re&amp;#64258;ect the relative abundances in the atmosphere once their deposition and revolatilisation rates are known. Likewise, DOM e&amp;#64256;ectively preserved in glacial ice will also express relative atmospheric composition of past climates. A recent pilot study by D. Materi&amp;#263; et al.[1] investigates the post-precipitation change of OM in snow near the Sonnblick Observatory in the Austrian Alps. Using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry, surface snow samples taken over several days were analyzed, and any organics found were grouped by their similar dynamics. This research expands on this study by analyzing snow samples over a larger spatial domain around Sonnblick during the course of &amp;#64257;ve days in conjunction with long-term snow sampling currently underway at the observatory. Together, analysis of these samples will reveal changes in OM in surface snow over the course of the entire melt season. This research also considers both &amp;#64257;ltered and un&amp;#64257;ltered snow samples to di&amp;#64256;erentiate and identify OM of di&amp;#64256;erent sizes that are present within each sample. Long-term measurements of post-precipitation OM in surface snow will provide more coherent trends for deposition and re-volatilisation rates of organics, which can be used to tie future measurements of DOM in surface snow to atmospheric OM.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria from Tofu Liquid Waste UD. Dika Putra, Riau Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Sonia Kamallia ◽  
M. Hasbi ◽  
Budijono Budijono
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Polluted Environment ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
The Media

Tofu liquid waste contains high levels of organic matter, especially protein and amino acids. These organic compounds can be proteins, carbohydrates and fats. Most of the bacteria are able to use oil or fat as a source of carbon and energy, bacteria that have this ability are often known as lipolytic bacteria. This study aims to obtain biosurfactant producing bacteria from tofu wastewater. This research was conducted from July - September 2020. The method used in this research is survey method and emulsification method. The media used for bacterial isolation were Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) and Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA). 6 of the isolates are able to produce biosurfactants. Morphological and biochemical characteristics indicate six bacterial genera, namely Genus Agrobacterium, Proteus, Proteus, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Serratia. The bacteria obtained are bacteria that have the potential to degrade oil in a polluted environment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document