On the Mechanism and the Rate of Sub-Ground Erosion in the Loess Material

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 2528-2531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi An Li ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Hong Zhou Lin ◽  
Wan Jun Ye
Keyword(s):  
Critical Condition ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Erosion Process ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
The Relationship

Sub-ground erosion often resulted in severe problems in various engineering constructions, most of which is due to the sub-erosion in loess. In this paper, the critical condition of “soil bursting” was analyzed and the formula describing the critical condition of soil bursting was derivated by the analytical method. Furthermore, the velocity of tunnel-erosion in loess and its influential factors were studied. A set of tests are designed to study the relationship between the tunnel-erosion velocity and the key influential factors. The key factors considered in the test include soil density as well as the initial water content. The other purpose is to reveal the characteristics of the tunnel-erosion process. Phenomena observed during the tests together with the data from field survey revealed the mechanism of tunneling in loess very well, and the work in this paper formed a theoretical basis for further study about sub-ground erosion in loess.

Evaluating Soil Water Matric Pressure and Sorptivity Relationship as Affected by some Properties of a Clay Soil

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülay Karahan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Disc Infiltrometer ◽  
The Relationship

Sorptivity (S) is the fundamental variable controlling the early infiltration process. Besides soil properties, soil initial water content (θi) and/or matric pressure (hi) are key factors determining extent of S. Assessment of interrelationship among S, hi and soil properties can provide a considerable insight into understanding the behaviour of dry soils to rainfall or irrigation water. This study was conducted to evaluate relationship between S and some selected soil parametric and morphometric properties within a range of hi. Sixteen undisturbed soil samples (5 cm id, 5 cm length) were taken from the topsoil (0-15 cm) of a paddy soil with clay texture. Sorptivity was measured with a mini-disc infiltrometer (MDI) on the samples equilibrated at h, ranging from -20 to -1500 kPa. A parameter (η), representing the relationship between S and hi, was introduced. Correlation analysis was conducted between η and selected soil morphometric and parametric properties. Soil structure and clay content appeared the most important soil attributes influencing S-hi relation between -200 and -1500 kPa. The results provided a fundamental understanding on S-hi-soil properties interrelations in a clay soil. The methodology developed in this study can be used to evaluate S-hi relationship across different soils and scales.

A Study about Security of Wind Turbine Foundation in Different Width and Height Ratios

2014 ◽  
Vol 1079-1080 ◽  
pp. 566-573
Author(s):  
Shi Jie Xu ◽  
You Hua Fan ◽  
Zhen Kun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wind Loads ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Geometry Feature ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
The Relationship

Width and height ratio is a characteristic geometry feature of wind turbine foundations. This study establishes the relationship between security of wind turbine foundations and their width and height ratios. There are a number of works on checking wind turbines, however, limited works about how the width and height ratio influences the structure were conducted. This paper provides fifteen models of three different shapes, five circular foundations, five hexagon foundations and five triangle foundations. Data from a wind farm in Guizhou, China, is used to calculate the main wind loads acted on wind turbine structures. Then key factors concerning with security of foundations were obtained. And they were put together so that it is easy for us to find their relationships. The results show foundations have different performance at different ratios. It’s change laws were so clear, security of foundations is improved by the increasing of width and height ratio. On the other hand, hexagon and triangle foundations were certificated suitable for general projects.

scholarly journals STUDY ON PERMEABILITY AND ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY OF RED CLAY CONTAMINATED BY CU2+

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rulong Ban ◽  
Xuejun Chen ◽  
Yu Song ◽  
Pengyan Bi ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Electrode Method ◽  
The Relationship

In order to study the permeability characteristics of heavy metal ions contaminated red clay and explore the rapid detection of permeability of heavy metal contaminated red clay. Through variable-head permeability test and electrical resistivity test (different voltages and methods), the effects of Cu2+ concentration and initial water content on hydraulic conductivity characteristic and resistivity of contaminated red clay was systematically investigated. The relationship between permeability characteristic and electrical resistivity was further explored by taking Cu2+ concentration and moisture content as the intermediate variable. The obtained results indicate that the different voltage has no obvious effect on the resistivity of the samples. The four-phase electrode method is more accurate than the two-phase electrode method. With increasing Cu2+ concentrations the hydraulic conductivity of specimens increases, however the permeability coefficient of contaminated soil decreases with increasing initial water content. In the resistivity test, with increasing of Cu2+ concentrations and water content, the resistivity of samples presented a downward trend, which is decreased sharply at first and then tended to be gentle. The relationship between hydraulic conductivity and resistivity of contaminated soil showed a good fitting curve no matter in different Cu2+ concentration or in different water content, but the fitting curves of them presented opposite trend.

scholarly journals The relationship between imbibitional damage and initial water content of soybeans.

1988 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 2771-2775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuaki ISHIDA ◽  
Hiromi KANO ◽  
Toshio KOBAYASHI ◽  
Hideo HAMAGUCHI ◽  
Takashi YOSHIDA
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Imbibitional Damage ◽  
The Relationship

II. State Immunity, Diplomatic Immunity and Act of State: A Triple Protection Against Legal Action?

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 950-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Warbrick ◽  
Dominic McGoldrick ◽  
J. Craig Barker
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
State Immunity ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Civil Suit ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Diplomatic Immunity ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between State immunity and diplomatic immunity has always been a rather complex one. The two concepts undoubtedly have a common juridical background in the form of the concepts of sovereignty, independence and dignity.1On the other hand, recent developments in both fields have seen a move towards a more functional-based approach. Thus, in relation to diplomatic immunity, the dominant theoretical basis is that of functional necessity.2As regards State immunity, recent developments in both international law3and, more particularly, in UK law4, from absolute to restrictive State immunity, have resulted in a more functionally orientated approach, that is, a shift of emphasis in matters of State immunity from immunityratione personaeto immunityratione materiae.5Now two recent cases in the United Kingdom have raised the possibility that, in the case of diplomats at least, the two concepts may be combined to provide a double immunity for diplomatic agents against civil suit. More controversially, the cases have raised the possibility of a third type of protection based upon immunityratione personaein what could be said to amount to a modified act of State doctrine. The cases in question arePropend Finance Pty Ltd. v. Alan Sing and The Commissioner of the Australian Federal Police6and Re P (Diplomatic Immunity: Jurisdiction).7

The Relationship between Imbibitional Damage and Initial Water Content of Soybeans

1988 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 2771-2775
Author(s):  
Nobuaki Ishida ◽  
Hiromi Kano ◽  
Toshio Kobayashi ◽  
Hideo Hamaguchi ◽  
Takashi Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Imbibitional Damage ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The role of vegetation in the redistribution of infiltration in a semi-arid zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Berenice Garcia Perez ◽  
Enrique Gonzalez Sosa ◽  
Pascal Breil ◽  
Isabelle Braud
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Infiltration Tests ◽  
Semi Arid

<p>The effect of vegetation on the volumes of water that infiltrates into the soil has been extensively studied, but not the redistribution that occurs radially from trees. This is especially important in arid and semi-arid areas where water volumes are scarce and water resources management must be more scrupulous. In the present study, the influence of native vegetation (huizache trees) on the redistribution of infiltration in a semi-arid zone in the central Mexican plateau was analyzed. Single ring infiltration tests were carried out with a radial distribution in 2 trees: 4 located inside the crown of the tree and 4 outside it, in 4 different axes, giving a total of 32 tests per tree. Likewise, particle size distribution and soil texture analysis were carried out in 4 orthogonal directions and dry bulk density and initial water content tests at each sampling point were performed. The results showed a zone of influence located between r / 2 and r of the tree canopy, where the infiltration is much greater compared to the other points. Based on these results, the methodology for a third tree was redesigned, in order to characterize various infiltration areas. So that 3 zones were established within the tree: near, intermediate and far, taking 2 tests in each zone, in orthogonal direction, and taking a test in each zone of 4 additional axes, a total of 36 tests. The results of the infiltration tests with this methodology showed similar results to the other two trees: low infiltration rates close to the tree trunk, high infiltration rates in the area between r / 2 and r of the canopy and again low rates of infiltration in the area outside the crown. Additionally, the particle size distribution analyzes showed the presence of 4 types of soil: loam, sandy-loam, clay-loam and silt-loam soil. On the other hand, the initial water content and dry bulk density do not seem to affect the infiltration process to a greater extent and they vary indiscriminately. The above suggests that the area between r / 2 and r is the one that captures the highest infiltration volumes, it may be due to the shadow effect produced by the treetops, although the soil texture has an influence on the infiltration rates, it does not influence the form of radial redistribution of tree infiltration.</p>

scholarly journals Construction and Empirical Research of Comprehensive Financial Analysis Index System Based on Cash Flow

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Index System ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Indicator ◽  
The Relationship

This paper first elaborates on the importance of cash flow in building a comprehensive financial indicator system. On one hand, it is the relationship between cash flow and the assessment of the company’s solvency, profitability, and operating ability. On the other hand, it is the theoretical basis of financial analysis based on cash flow. We then introduced the construction principles of the financial analysis index system based on cash flow, and lastly analyzed the financial data of Xiaomi for empirical research.

SOIL WATER CHARACTERISTIC CURVES OF COMPACTED KAOLIN FOR VARIOUS INITIAL MOISTURE CONTENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azril Hezmi ◽  
Radzuan Saari ◽  
Mohd Zakri Zahari ◽  
Rini Asnida Abdullah ◽  
Nor Zurairahetty Mohd Yunus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Unsaturated Soils ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
The Relationship

The soil water characteristic curve (SWCC), also known as soil water retention curve (SWRC), describes the relationship between water content and soil suction in unsaturated soils. The importance of SWCC can be seen, as the relationship affects geotechnical properties such as shear strength, volume change, permeability and deformability of unsaturated soils. This paper presented a preliminary study on the effect of initial water content and the density on SWCC on unsaturated compacted kaolin. Filter paper technique was used for suction measurement on the unsaturated compacted kaolin soil. Filter paper was used to determine total suction and matric suction through contact and noncontact technique. The calibration curve was used to relate with the gravimetric water content obtained in filter paper with corresponding suction. A comparison on SWCC established through filter paper was also compared with that of the axis translation technique (pressure plate extractor). The study found that the initial water content and the density respectively, have great influence on the SWCC of compacted kaolin. However, the combined effect could be seen significantly at lower suction

Hand in Hand or Under the Thumb? A New Perspective on Social Welfare in Japan

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laratta Rosario
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nonprofit Organisations ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
State Domination ◽  
The Relationship

The nature of the relationship between state and nonprofit organisations in Japan is usually described in one of two ways. It is either disparaged as an example of co-optation and state domination, with nonprofit organisations always having been the subservient partner, or lauded as the apotheosis of co-operation and interdependence. By focusing on the historical background of the welfare system in Japan, and particularly on the legal framework in which the nonprofit sector has developed, this paper attempts to explain how each has influenced the other and highlights key factors which may have been underestimated or misinterpreted in the past.

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