Scheme Comparison on Unsymmetrical Loading Tunnel Location near Tunnel Portal

2011 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 419-425
Author(s):  
Shu Qiang Yu ◽  
Xu Dong Cheng ◽  
Peng Ju Qin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Tunnel Excavation ◽  
Unsymmetrical Loading ◽  
The Given ◽  
Tunnel Portal ◽  
Selection Of

In the process of tunnel excavation, due to the complexity of geological and geomorphic conditions etc, in the given tunnel heading shape conditions, it is more important to determine the tunnel location near tunnel portal. The large-scale finite numerical simulation software ANSYS is adopted to analyze that stress and displacement of tunnel surrounding rock vary with unsymmetrical location, including burial depth, slope angle and thickness of overburden layer. The analysis results show that: Under the condition of reinforcement in advance, it is proper for the tunnel excavation to reduce burial depth and thickness of overburden layer. This paper provides the theory basis for rational selection of support types and parameters and proper determination of tunnel location.

scholarly journals Breeding Theorem Proving Heuristics with Genetic Algorithms

10.29007/gms9 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Schäfer ◽  
Stephan Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
First Order ◽  
Proof Search ◽  
Theorem Provers ◽  
Search Heuristics ◽  
Practical Performance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Given ◽  
Selection Of

First-order theorem provers have to search for proofs in an infinitespace of possible derivations. Proof search heuristics play a vitalrole for the practical performance of these systems. In the currentgeneration of saturation-based theorem provers like SPASS, E,Vampire or Prover~9, one of the most important decisions is theselection of the next clause to process with the given clausealgorithms. Provers offer a wide variety of basic clause evaluationfunctions, which can often be parameterized and combined in manydifferent ways. Finding good strategies is usually left to the usersor developers, often backed by large-scale experimentalevaluations. We describe a way to automatize this process usinggenetic algorithms, evaluating a population of different strategieson a test set, and applying mutation and crossover operators to goodstrategies to create the next generation. We describe the design andexperimental set-up, and report on first promising results.

scholarly journals Effect of the Slope Angle and Its Classification on Landslide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seda Çellek
Keyword(s):  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Landslide Area ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Landslide Maps ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. The phase after the determination of the landslide area in landslide susceptibility studies is the selection of methods and parameters to be used. Approximately 1500 randomly selected publications show that it is necessary to select a parameter based on the area. Research has shown that the parameter of slope is greatly preferred. There is nearly consensus of opinion among researchers regarding the use of the parameter. The research included the definition of slope made by different researchers, the advantages and disadvantages of the use of the parameter, different classifications that are used, the formation intervals of landslides, their use together with other parameters, and its effect on the formation of landslides. Classifications were studied based on the slope values at which landslides. Generally, automatic slope classifications are used in the preparation of landslide maps. There isn’t standard in parameter maps. Therefore, there isn’t class range that is referenced when preparing slope maps. In this study, preferred class ranges and slope values where landslides occur were determined in the literature. 40 landslides area has been selected in Turkey. These were evaluated in the slope classes determined according to the literature. The results compared with the literature were found to be compatible.

scholarly journals Somatotypes in Sport

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodor Tóth ◽  
Monika Michalíková ◽  
Lucia Bednarčíková ◽  
Jozef Živčák ◽  
Peter Kneppo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Body Constitution ◽  
Rating Form ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Given ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The submitted article deals with the evaluation of the somatotype of persons and determination of a suitable somatotype for selected sports. In the introduction the method for determining and evaluating a somatotype according to Carter and Heath is characterised. The processes used for calculating the individual components - endomorphy, mesomorphy, ectomorphy - are presented as well as a description of these elements. The calculated components are subsequently put into a somatograph. The evaluation of a somatotype is of great benefit and offers a guideline with the selection of sporting activities; it subsequently helps assign athletes into a suitable position where they will be able to best develop their talents in view of their bodily construction. In this work two types of sports are evaluated - basketball and bodybuilding. With each sport the measurements which give the prerequisites for the given sport are presented. The selection of the presented sports was made with regard to the different requirements and demands in the scope of bodily constitution. The aim of the presented paper is to assess physical parameters of subjects groups in relation to selected sports (basketball and bodybuilding). Based on the body constitution to determine the conditions for developing the physical condition and success in the appointed sports. Another objective is to compare the rating form and equation methods for somatotype determination. The sample consist 32 subjects with age between 22-28 years of both sexes, who are dedicated to basketball, or bodybuilding at amateur level.

scholarly journals Determination of an infectious dose of Leptospira for the performance of challenge test in assessing the efficacy of Leptospira vaccines

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Nepeřený ◽  
Josef Chumela ◽  
Vladimír Vrzal
Keyword(s):  
Challenge Test ◽  
Challenge Dose ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Pharmacopoeial Monograph ◽  
Leptospira Serovars ◽  
The Given ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

The efficacy of vaccines against leptospiral disease can be determined objectively by challenge test in experimental animals. Selection of suitable leptospiral challenge strains and determination of an optimal challenge dose to prove exactly that the given vaccine Leptospira serotype induces protective immunity in vaccinated dogs is a critical point in performing challenge experiments. The aim of our study was to verify and determine an appropriate challenge dose for efficacy tests in dogs for the following Leptospira serovars: L. grippotyphosa, L. icterohaemorrhagiae and L. canicola. The appropriate challenge dose was determined on the basis of pathognomonic symptoms of infection, Leptospira capture at cultivation and pathological changes in dogs infected experimentally with various doses (5 × 104 - 5 × 108) of Leptospira serovars. A dose of 5 × 106 of each respective serovar administered intraperitoneally was determined to be a suitable challenge dose. The dogs infected with the selected dose showed the typical symptoms of the disease and met the requirements of an objective and standard evaluation of the vaccine efficacy according to the pharmacopoeial monograph. A study of such extent was done for the first time in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Effect of the Slope Angle and Its Classification on Landslide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seda Çellek
Keyword(s):  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Susceptibility Maps ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Landslide Distribution ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility Maps ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The preparation of landslide susceptibility maps is a complex process with regards to the selection of the study field, parameters, and methods. The phase after the determination of the landslide distribution in landslide susceptibility studies is the selection of the methods and parameters to be used. However, first, as in this study, a comprehensive literature search is required. A review of approximately 1500 randomly selected publications revealed that it was necessary to select a parameter based on the area, and the research showed that, in each study, the most preferred parameter was the slope angle. Moreover, there is nearly a consensus of opinion among researchers regarding the use of the slope angle. The current research included the definitions of the slope angle put forth by different researchers, the advantages and disadvantages of its use, the different classifications that have been used, the intervals of the landslides, its use together with other parameters, and its effect on landslides. Generally, it was observed that automatic slope angle classifications have been used in the preparation of landslide maps in the literature. Therefore, there is no standard in slope angle maps nor in the class range that is referenced when preparing them. In this study, the class ranges and slope angle values of areas where landslides have occurred were determined from the literature, and of these, 40 landslides areas were selected in Turkey and their slope angle maps were created. These were evaluated according to the slope angle classes determined in the literature. The effects of the slope angle on the landslide were determined, and an understanding was gained of how important it was to be careful when determining the classification of the slope angle. When smaller class ranges were selected, different results were obtained. This showed that following parameter selection, the selection of the range of classes was vital in the preparation of landslide susceptibility maps.

scholarly journals Supplier ranking in the Public Company for Underground Coal Exploitation Resavica in an aspect of delivery

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Goran Stojanović
Keyword(s):  
Supplier Selection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Company ◽  
Promethee Method ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of this paper is to show the application of multi-criteria analysis (PROMETHEE method) in the selection of suppliers that operate in the mining systems, specifically in the Public Company for the Underground Exploitation of Coal Resavica (PCUEC Resavica)-Serbia. The company ranking was done in terms of delivery according to five criteria. The criteria cover the most prominent aspects of the delivery management of suppliers. Accordingly, 5 suppliers were taken into consideration. In the ranking process the expert knowledge of specialists from the PCUEC Resavica was used. Firstly, the determination of importance and impact of certain criteria to the process of supplier selection was done, and after that the assessment of suppliers according to each criterion is performed by the company experts. The PROMETHEE method is used for the final ranking of suppliers. The obtained results show that the applied combined method gives the excellent results and it can be used for solving a large scale of complex problems in mining systems.

Modeling of Accurate Variable Slope Angles in Open-Pit Mine Design Using Spline Interpolation / Modelowanie Zmiennego Kąta Nachylenia Stoku W Projektowaniu Kopalni Odkrywkowych Za Pomocą Interpolacji Funkcjami Sklejającymi (Metodą Spline’Ów)

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Soleymani Shishvan ◽  
Javad Sattarvand
Keyword(s):  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Spline Interpolation ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Linear Interpolation ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Cubic Form ◽  
The Given ◽  
Numerical Case Study

Abstract In this paper a new method of modeling variable slope angles has been presented based on the spline interpolation method. Slope angle modeling and defining precedency of the blocks are the vital parts of almost any open pit optimization algorithm. Traditionally heuristic patterns such as 1:5 or 1:9 have been used to generate slope angles. Cone template based models were later employed in developing variable slope angles. They normally use a linear interpolation process for determination of slope angles between the given directions which leads to sharp and non-realistic pits. The other elliptical alternatives suffer from having limitations in defining slope angles in non-geographical directions. The method is capable to consider any number of slope angles in any desired direction as well as creating quite accurate and realistic pit shapes. Three major types of the spline interpolation including cubic, quadratic and cardinal are tested, however, the cubic form is preferred due to more realistic outcomes. Main steps of the method are described through a numerical case study.

scholarly journals SIMILARITIES IN THE LIGHT CHAINS OF ANTI-γ-GLOBULINS SHOWING CROSS-IDIOTYPIC SPECIFICITIES

1974 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Kunkel ◽  
R. J. Winchester ◽  
F. G. Joslin ◽  
J. D. Capra
Keyword(s):  
Light Chain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Light Chains ◽  
Antigenic Analysis ◽  
Γ Globulins ◽  
The Cross ◽  
V Region ◽  
Selection Of

A marked homogeneity of the light chains was observed in an analysis of 17 IgM proteins with anti-γ-globulin activity. The V region subgroups of the light chains were determined by both sequence and antigenic analysis. The latter procedure permitted large scale screening for comparisons with control proteins. The two methods showed general agreement in the determination of Kappa III proteins; all proteins positive by antigenic analysis were also positive by sequence but exceptions were noted in the opposite direction. The anti-γ-globulins showed by antigenic analysis a 92% incidence of VK III light chains as compared to an incidence of 27% among 81 control proteins without this activity. A similar selection was observed for an antigen (VK III b) which subdivided the kappa III proteins. The major Wa group of anti-γ-globulins which had been delineated previously on the basis of cross-idiotypic specificity was primarily responsible for the special light-chain selection. All the proteins of this group contain VK III light chains and all were of the VK III b type. Current evidence indicates that additional light-chain similarities were involved in the cross-idiotypic specificity of the Wa group. It thus appears that for the anti-γ-globulins various levels of selection of light chains are manifest ranging from a preponderance of kappa type, of kappa III subgroup, of kappa III b sub-subgroup and perhaps of still further subdivisions to account for the cross-idiotypic specificity.

scholarly journals Levels of Vibration Impact during Testing of Spacecraft Avionics Equipment

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
A. S. Levchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Test Specimen ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Design Defect ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
Vibration Impact ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Vibration Tests ◽  
The Given ◽  
Selection Of

The tightening of avionics lifetime and reliability requirements necessitates a profound and efficient experimental method. At the same time, the not infrequent absence of even two equipment samples for conducting tests (considering the variation of properties of materials and technological processes) makes the problem of confirming hardware strength characteristics difficult to solve. The present paper describes a methodology for vibration tests of spacecraft onboard electronics that allows us to reliably confirm the strength of a random sample of the given equipment based on the testing of a single test specimen. Safety margins for different stages of equipment vibration testing are determined. These margins are necessary to ensure the given probability of design defect detection. The proposed methodology is compared with current foreign regulatory documents dedicated to testing spacecraft onboard electronics. The proposed method allows a flexible approach to the selection of vibration test levels since it takes into account the design features of the equipment affecting strength spread from sample to sample during the determination of the scope of required tests.

scholarly journals Influence of front slope gradient and the angle between tunnel and slope on stability of tunnel portal

2021 ◽  
Vol 283 ◽  
pp. 01053
Author(s):  
Huaan Wu ◽  
Huahui Jin
Keyword(s):  
Slope Angle ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Slope Deformation ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Support Design ◽  
Tunnel Excavation ◽  
Side Slope ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Tunnel Portal ◽  
Mountain Tunnel

Shallow buried and unsymmetrically loaded tunnel is the most common type of mountain tunnel portal. Currently, most of the studies mainly focus on the stability of side slope, while the investigation on the deformation of the front slope after tunnel excavation is relatively less. In this paper, the influence of front slope gradient and the angle between tunnel and slope on stability of tunnel portal was analyzed by FLAC3D. The results show that: When the front slope angle is greater than 40°, the slope deformation caused by tunnel excavation is larger with the increase of slope angle. In order to ensure the safety of construction, we should not only pay attention to the treatment of the front slope before the tunnel excavation, but also pay attention to the monitoring of the front slope deformation during the excavation of the tunnel portal section. And the most suitable entry angle between tunnel axis and the front slope is 0°, which can control the vertical displacement of relatively large deformation. The research conclusions can provide some reference for the excavation and support design of mountain tunnel portal.

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