scholarly journals Determination of an infectious dose of Leptospira for the performance of challenge test in assessing the efficacy of Leptospira vaccines

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Nepeřený ◽  
Josef Chumela ◽  
Vladimír Vrzal
Keyword(s):  
Challenge Test ◽  
Challenge Dose ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Pharmacopoeial Monograph ◽  
Leptospira Serovars ◽  
The Given ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

The efficacy of vaccines against leptospiral disease can be determined objectively by challenge test in experimental animals. Selection of suitable leptospiral challenge strains and determination of an optimal challenge dose to prove exactly that the given vaccine Leptospira serotype induces protective immunity in vaccinated dogs is a critical point in performing challenge experiments. The aim of our study was to verify and determine an appropriate challenge dose for efficacy tests in dogs for the following Leptospira serovars: L. grippotyphosa, L. icterohaemorrhagiae and L. canicola. The appropriate challenge dose was determined on the basis of pathognomonic symptoms of infection, Leptospira capture at cultivation and pathological changes in dogs infected experimentally with various doses (5 × 104 - 5 × 108) of Leptospira serovars. A dose of 5 × 106 of each respective serovar administered intraperitoneally was determined to be a suitable challenge dose. The dogs infected with the selected dose showed the typical symptoms of the disease and met the requirements of an objective and standard evaluation of the vaccine efficacy according to the pharmacopoeial monograph. A study of such extent was done for the first time in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Somatotypes in Sport

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodor Tóth ◽  
Monika Michalíková ◽  
Lucia Bednarčíková ◽  
Jozef Živčák ◽  
Peter Kneppo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Body Constitution ◽  
Rating Form ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Given ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The submitted article deals with the evaluation of the somatotype of persons and determination of a suitable somatotype for selected sports. In the introduction the method for determining and evaluating a somatotype according to Carter and Heath is characterised. The processes used for calculating the individual components - endomorphy, mesomorphy, ectomorphy - are presented as well as a description of these elements. The calculated components are subsequently put into a somatograph. The evaluation of a somatotype is of great benefit and offers a guideline with the selection of sporting activities; it subsequently helps assign athletes into a suitable position where they will be able to best develop their talents in view of their bodily construction. In this work two types of sports are evaluated - basketball and bodybuilding. With each sport the measurements which give the prerequisites for the given sport are presented. The selection of the presented sports was made with regard to the different requirements and demands in the scope of bodily constitution. The aim of the presented paper is to assess physical parameters of subjects groups in relation to selected sports (basketball and bodybuilding). Based on the body constitution to determine the conditions for developing the physical condition and success in the appointed sports. Another objective is to compare the rating form and equation methods for somatotype determination. The sample consist 32 subjects with age between 22-28 years of both sexes, who are dedicated to basketball, or bodybuilding at amateur level.

Improvements in calibration and understanding of the competing opportunities model of trip distribution

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1003-1008
Author(s):  
Satish C. Sharma ◽  
Afifi H. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Model Concept ◽  
Trip Distribution ◽  
Traffic Forecasting ◽  
Time Band ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

This note suggests a method for improved calibration of the competing opportunities model of trip distribution. The method, called COMNEST, includes three steps: (1) selection of a suitable uniform width of time bands for the study area; (2) determination of the width of the first time band to achieve best-possible results; and (3) improvement in the accuracy of prediction of the dependent variable for the zones within the first time band. The third step involves a redistribution of the total number of trips predicted for the first time band among the traffic zones within the first time band by reapplying the competing opportunities model concept. Using the examples of trip distribution for Edmonton, Winnipeg, and Washington, DC, it is clearly shown in this note that the application of the suggested method can considerably increase the accuracy of the competing opportunities model. Key words: trip distribution, competing opportunities model, urban transportation planning, traffic forecasting, urban planning.

scholarly journals Selection of the optimal extractant for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Laurus nobilis L. leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4(76)) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Irina Yu. Posokhova ◽  
Kateryna S. Skrebtsova ◽  
Olga P. Khvorost ◽  
Yuliia A. Fedchenkova
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽  
Laurus Nobilis ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

Aim. To select the optimal extractant for the extraction of a number of groups of phenolic compounds from Lаurus nоbilis L. leaves based on the determination of the quantitative content of these groups in the extracts obtained. Materials and methods. Lаurus nоbilis L. leaves were harvested in November 2020 from artificially cultivated specimens aged 5 – 7 years. The quantitative determination of polyphenols was performed using the spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of 760 nm in accordance with the requirements of the Supplement of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine (SPhU) 1.2 (2.8.14). The quantitative content of this group of compounds was calculated with reference to pyrogalol and dried substance. The quantitative determination of the amount of hydroxycinnamic acids was performed according to the SPhU 2.2 monograph “Orthosyphon stamen (kidney tea) leavesN” by the spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of 505 nm and calculated with reference to rosmarinic acid. The quantitative determination of the amount of flavonoids was performed according to the SPhU 2.0 monograph “Hawthorn leaves and flowers” by the spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of 410 nm and calculated with reference to hyperoside.Results and discussion. The analysis of the results for the quantitative determination of polyphenols, the amount of hydroxycinnamic acids and the amount of flavonoids in extracts from Lаurus nоbilis L. leaves obtained using water, water-ethanol mixtures and 96 % ethanol showed that 70 % ethanol was optimal for extracting compounds of these groups. The quantitative content of polyphenols (calculated with reference to pyrogalol) was not less than 21 %, the amount of hydroxycinnamic acids (calculated with reference to rosmarinic acid) – not less than 3 %, the amount of flavonoids (calculated with reference to hyperoside) – not less than 5 %. Conclusions. For the first time, the quantitative content of a number of groups of phenolic compounds (polyphenols, the total amount of hydroxycinnamic acids, and the total amount of flavonoids) in Lаurus nоbilis L. leaves extracts obtained using various extractants has been determined. On this basis, the optimal extractant – 70 % ethanol for the extraction of phenolic compounds has been selected. The results obtained will be used when developing the technology for obtaining substances from Lаurus nоbilis L. leaves.

Prenatal Development of Incisors in the Egyptian Buffalo (Bos bubalis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mostafa ◽  
Mesbah El-Sayed ◽  
Salah Farag ◽  
Galal Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Developmental Features ◽  
First Time ◽  
Egyptian Buffalo ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Selection Of

Objective: The teeth play important roles in food mastication, prehension and defense against predators. Although several studies demonstrated the development of teeth in different mammalian species, no data are, to our knowledge, available in Egyptian buffalos. Therefore, the present investigation was conducted to study the development of incisor teeth in buffaloe. Design: Descriptive study. Animals: seventeen buffalo embryos and fetuses of both sexes were used. Their crown vertebral rump lengths (CVRL) ranged from 2 to 46 cm (equivalent to 38 - 177 days old). Procedure: Embryos and fetuses were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and decalcified by 14% EDTA solution for several weeks. The samples were dehydrated, cleared and embedded in paraffin wax using standard techniques. Sections were cut on Leitz microtome and mounted on uncoated slides. For general histological structure, a selection of slides was routinely stained with haematoxylin–eosin and examined by the light microscope. Result: The present study reported for the first time that the prenatal development of incisors in buffalo passes through three sequential stages: the bud, cap and bell stages. Although each stage was easily differentiated based on its form and its distinct developmental features, the three stages were overlapped with each other’s. Generally, the bud stage was observed in 11 cm CVRL buffalo fetuses, meanwhile the cap and bell stages were detected in 23 cm and 30 cm CVRL fetuses respectively. Conclusion and clinical relevance: These results can be used as inductive index for determination of the ages of buffalo embryos and fetuses.

PROSPECTS FOR RESEARCH IN IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTION MEETINGS

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Sidelnikov ◽  
A. V. Ruapukhin
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Groups And Teams ◽  
Selection Tasks ◽  
Basic Hypothesis ◽  
The Given ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

Original approaches to enhancing the efficiency of production meetings are developed. Basic hypothesis and promising lines of research that can promote the efficiency of production meetings are reviewed. A number of Russian and foreign scientific journals mistakenly treat some types of operational meetings as brainstorming although some of the procedures contain no mechanisms inherent in brainstorming, which can thus lead to a confusion with their use. We propose to: 1) take into account the difficulties in identify ing the type of meeting procedure; 2) consider and use the existing procedures, techniques and methods for setting goals by the supervisor and their subsequent adjustment; 3) use the basic decision-making models for enterprises and organizations, i.e., select the most appropriate types of meetings proceeding from their advantages and shortcomings; 4) use the psychology of small groups and methods for stimulating small groups and teams. Avoid spontaneous selection of meeting and choose the best category of meeting proceeding from the advantages and disadvantages of this category of meeting among others. It is recommended to use three kinds of selection tasks in the context of group selection theory (selecting of the best or appropriate single object from the given set): selection of subsets in which all L selected best objects are supposed to be used without dropping out any of them, where L > 1; simultaneous selection of the subsets consisting of a different number of elementary alternatives in which it is supposed to use all the selected best objects without dropping out any of them, including the case when one object is selected and compared (elementary motion); application of the results of interrogative logic. It is necessary to objectify the process of searching for compromises (agreement of opinions) of the participants of the meeting, expressed in various non-verbal types of assessments, i.e., to use a discrete or statistical approach to aligning expert rankings of the participants of the meeting. The novelty of the work is expressed by the fact that for the first time an emphasis has been placed on those areas that are usually not associated with an increase in the efficiency of production meetings. Moreover, the scope of the concept of "meeting" has been narrowed, and a special class of production meetings has been identified and described.

Scheme Comparison on Unsymmetrical Loading Tunnel Location near Tunnel Portal

2011 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 419-425
Author(s):  
Shu Qiang Yu ◽  
Xu Dong Cheng ◽  
Peng Ju Qin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Tunnel Excavation ◽  
Unsymmetrical Loading ◽  
The Given ◽  
Tunnel Portal ◽  
Selection Of

In the process of tunnel excavation, due to the complexity of geological and geomorphic conditions etc, in the given tunnel heading shape conditions, it is more important to determine the tunnel location near tunnel portal. The large-scale finite numerical simulation software ANSYS is adopted to analyze that stress and displacement of tunnel surrounding rock vary with unsymmetrical location, including burial depth, slope angle and thickness of overburden layer. The analysis results show that: Under the condition of reinforcement in advance, it is proper for the tunnel excavation to reduce burial depth and thickness of overburden layer. This paper provides the theory basis for rational selection of support types and parameters and proper determination of tunnel location.

scholarly journals Levels of Vibration Impact during Testing of Spacecraft Avionics Equipment

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
A. S. Levchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Test Specimen ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Design Defect ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
Vibration Impact ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Vibration Tests ◽  
The Given ◽  
Selection Of

The tightening of avionics lifetime and reliability requirements necessitates a profound and efficient experimental method. At the same time, the not infrequent absence of even two equipment samples for conducting tests (considering the variation of properties of materials and technological processes) makes the problem of confirming hardware strength characteristics difficult to solve. The present paper describes a methodology for vibration tests of spacecraft onboard electronics that allows us to reliably confirm the strength of a random sample of the given equipment based on the testing of a single test specimen. Safety margins for different stages of equipment vibration testing are determined. These margins are necessary to ensure the given probability of design defect detection. The proposed methodology is compared with current foreign regulatory documents dedicated to testing spacecraft onboard electronics. The proposed method allows a flexible approach to the selection of vibration test levels since it takes into account the design features of the equipment affecting strength spread from sample to sample during the determination of the scope of required tests.

The Role and Place of Budget Procedure in the System

2003 ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bushmin
Keyword(s):  
Budget Process ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Principal Role ◽  
Process Trends ◽  
The Given ◽  
Rules Of The Game

The article is devoted to the analysis of improving budget process trends. The author offers the concept of "financial technologism". Its usage should promote an essential improvement of the budget process. The given concept is based on the fact that the regulation of budget procedure is the process of determination of "rules of the game", and the order of interaction of different institutions within the framework of the budget process, and the trends and volumes of expenses are the strategy of institutions. The procedure within the budget process plays a principal role as compared with the trends and volumes of public expenditures.

DETERMINING THE DESALINATION UNIT COMPOSITION FOR COSTAL AREAS AND SMALL ISLANDS USE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imam Setiadi ◽  
Dinda Rita K. Hartaja
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Ahp Method ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Comparison Research ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Selection Of

Selection of the appropriate composition desalination units can be done with a variety of method approaches, one of the method is the Analytic Hierarchy Process. In determining the desalination unit with AHP method to consider is setting a goal, an alternative criteria and pairwise comparison. Research for the determination of the exact composition of the desalination unit in order to achieve sustainable drinking water suppy in coastal areas and small islands has been conducted. The results of the study are as follows, the energy demand of 50.83%, operator costs of 26.64%, maintenance costs of 14.13% and chemical requirement 8.4%. For an alternative composition desalination unit of RO 10 m3 / day is the best alternative composition with value of 59.61%, the composition of the next alternative is RO 20 m3/ day of 30.40% and the last alternative of the desalination unit composition is RO 120 m3/ day of 09.99%.Key words : Desalination, Mukti Stage Flash Composition, AHP

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