The Thermal Volatilization of Petrodisel/Biodiesel from Waste Oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2656-2660
Author(s):  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Yin Nan Yuan ◽  
Yong Bin Lai
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Yield Information ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Ignition Quality ◽  
Long Chain

Thermogravimetry (TG) has been employed to yield information on the thermal volatilization of the fuels since the volatility influences the ignition quality of the fuels in a compression ignition engine. The chemical composition of -10 petrodiesel (-10PD) and waste oil biodiesel (WME) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The thermal volatilization of biodiesel and its blends was investigated by TG and liquid volatile theory. Volatile index was put forward for describing biodiesel/petrodisel volatility. A good correlation model was proposed for calculate the biodiesel/petrodiesel volatility by biodiesel blending ratio. The study showed that -10PD and WME had similar chemical composition and structure. -10PD was mainly composed of long chain alkanes: C8–C26. WME was mainly composed of long chain fatty acid methyl esters: C14:0–C22:0, C16:1–C22:1, C18:2 and C18:3. The volatile indexes of WME and -10PD were 1.47E-04 and 3.64E-05, respectively. The biodiesel was considerably more volatile in comparison to the petrodiesel. The WME/-10PD volatility was better with increasing the biodiesel blending ratio.

Study on Thermal Volatilization of Soybean Biodiesel and Its Blends

2012 ◽  
Vol 516-517 ◽  
pp. 212-217
Author(s):  
Yong Bin Lai ◽  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Wu Jie Ge ◽  
Cui Ying Lu
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Yield Information ◽  
Soybean Biodiesel ◽  
Ignition Quality ◽  
Long Chain

Thermal analysis has been employed to yield information on the volatility of the biodiesel/petrodiesel since the volatility influences the ignition quality of the fuels in a compression ignition engine. The chemical composition of -10 petrodiesel (-10PD) and soybean biodiesel (SME) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The thermal volatilization of biodiesel and its blends was investigated by thermogravimetry and liquid volatile theory. Volatile index was put forward for describing biodiesel/petrodisel volatility. A good correlation model was proposed for calculate the biodiesel/petrodiesel volatility by biodiesel blending ratio. The study showed that -10PD was mainly composed of long chain alkanes: C8–C26. SME was mainly composed of long chain fatty acid methyl esters: C14:0–C24:0, C16:1–C22:1, C18:2 and C18:3. The volatile indexes of SME and -10PD were, respectively, 1.74E-04 and 3.64E-05. The biodiesel fuel was considerably more volatile in comparison to the petrodiesel fuels. The SME/-10PD volatility had relation to SEM blending ratio, it was better with increasing the SME blending ratio.

Volatility of Biodiesel Obtainted from Rapeseed Blends with Petroleum Diesel

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Yin Nan Yuan ◽  
Yong Bin Lai
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Ignition Quality

The volatility has been studied since it influences the ignition quality of the fuels in a compression ignition engine. The chemical composition of -10# petrodiesel (-10PD) and rapeseed biodiesel (RME) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Volatility of -10PD and RME was studied by thermogravimetry (TG) and liquid volatile theory. Volatile index V was put forward for describing -10PD/RME volatility. A good correlation model was proposed for calculate the -10PD/RME volatility by RME blending ratio. The study showed that -10PD was mainly composed of alkanes: C8-C26. RME was mainly composed of saturated fatty acid methyl esters (SFAME): C14:0-C24:0, unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (UFAME): C16:1-C22:1, C18:2 and C18:3. The mass fraction of SFAME and UFAME was 14.69% and 83.40%, respectively. RME is considerably more volatile in comparison to -10PD. The -10PD/RME volatility has relation to RME blending ratio. The volatility of B0-B20 is very close to -10PD. The volatility of B20-B100 is better with increasing the RME blending ratio.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Fatty Acid and Unsaponifiable Fractions of Leaves, Stems and Roots of Arbutus unedo and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Unsaponifiable Extracts

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Amine Dib ◽  
Julien Paolini ◽  
Mourad Bendahou ◽  
Laurent Varesi ◽  
Hocine Allali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Arbutus Unedo ◽  
Long Chain

The chemical composition of the fatty acid and unsaponifiable fractions of the leaves, stems and roots of Arbutus unedo L. were determined using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The fatty acid fractions of the leaves, stems and roots contained 38.5%, 31.3% and 14.1% palmitic acid, respectively, along with other long-chain fatty acids (up to C22). The chemical composition of the unsaponifiable fractions differed: the leaf and stem fractions contained high levels of aliphatic (32.1% and 62.6%, respectively) and terpenic compounds (49.6% and 25.7%, respectively), and the root fraction mainly contained esters, of which the most abundant was benzyl cinnamate (36.6%). The antimicrobial activities of the unsaponifiable fractions against nine species of microorganisms were assessed. The unsaponifiable leaf and stem extracts inhibited the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans.

Ignition Quality of Biodiesel from Cottonseed and Soybean Oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2651-2655
Author(s):  
Yong Bin Lai ◽  
Yin Nan Yuan ◽  
Xiu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ignition Temperature ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Ignition Quality

The thermal analysis has been employed to yield information on the biodiesel ignition quality since the ignition quality influences the combustion and exhaust emissions of the fuels in a compression ignition (CI) engine. The chemical compositions of -10 petrodiesel (-10PD), soybean-based biodiesel (SME) and cottonseed-based biodiesel (CME) are analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Ignition temperature of -10PD, SME and CME is determined by thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The study shows that the biodiesel is mainly composed of fatty acid methyl esters: C14:0–C24:0, C16:1–C22:1, C18:2 and C18:3. Biodiesel ignition quality is better than petrodiesel. The ignition temperature of CME and SME is 207.4 and 213.9 °C respectively. The ignition quality of biodiesel is better with shorter carbon chain lengths and more saturated fatty acid methyl ester (SFAME).

Effect of Organic Matter on the Color of Sphalerite from the Silesia-Cracow Lead-Zinc Deposits, Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Maciej Rybicki
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Basic Feature ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) sphalerite samples from lead and zinc mines of the Silesian-Cracow region were studied in terms of the effect of organic matter on their coloration. The results indicate no correlation between the abundance and chemical composition of organic matter and sphalerite coloration. TOC values for investigated samples are in the range of 0.5-1.28%. A basic feature characterizing all samples is very similar distribution of n-alkanes, with a predominance of short-chain n-alkanes (from n-C13 to n-C21) over long-chain n-alkanes (from n-C25 to n-C35). Among the isoprenoids pristane dominates over phytane (Pr/Ph ratio in one sample is even 8.95), which does not correspond to previous studies (Karwowski et al. 2001) and may be due to the multi-source nature of organic matter present in sphalerite inclusions from the Silesian-Cracow Zn-Pb deposits. The occurrence of hopanes with 17β,21β(H) stereochemistry indicates a low maturity of test samples.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostic, chemical and mucolytic activity study of Malva pseudolavatera Webb & Berthel. and Malva sylvestris L. (Malvaceae) leaf extracts, grown in Ecuador

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Migdalia Miranda-Martínez ◽  
GLENDA MARCELA SARMIENTO-TOMALÁ ◽  
IVÁN ANDRÉS CHÓEZ-GUARANDA ◽  
YAMILET IRENE GUTIÉRREZ-GAITÉN ◽  
RENÉ DELGADO-HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Gastroprotective Activity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Malva Sylvestris ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Mass Spectrometry System

Abstract.  Sarmiento-Tomalá GM, Miranda-Martínez M, Chóez-Guaranda IA, Gutiérrez-Gaitén YI, Delgado-Hernández R, Carrillo-Lavid G. 2020. Pharmacognostic, chemical and mucolytic activity study of Malva pseudolavatera Webb & Berthel. and Malva sylvestris L. (Malvaceae) leaf extracts, grown in Ecuador. Biodiversitas 21: 4755-4763.  Among the cultivated and/or native plant species of Ecuador, are those belonging to Malvaceae. Of these, the most traditionally used are Malva pseudolavatera Webb & Berthel. and Malva sylvestris L., which are grown and sold in indigenous markets. Various articles have been published for M. sylvestris about its chemical composition and pharmacological properties; however, M. pseudolavatera lacks references and is the most commercialized in Ecuador. Therefore, this work sets the following objective: To carry out a comparative study of the pharmacognostic, chemical and mucolytic activity of the species M. pseudolavatera and M. sylvestris. The species studied were collected in the province of Chimborazo. Extracts were obtained with different solvents: water, hexane and 80% ethanol. The aqueous extract was used to determine the mucolytic activity; the hexane and alcoholic extracts were analyzed by the coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system. It was found that M. pseudolavatera has a very similar chemical composition to M. sylvestris; The presence of fatty acids, di and triterpenoids, phytosterols and abundant amino acids was detected. Both species showed an important mucolytic effect, the activity of M. pseudolavatera being higher than the highest doses tested. These studies provide scientific data that allow demonstrating the high potentiality of extracts from the leaves of two Malva species as sources of plant material for possible research and development of phytotherapeutic products with mucolytic and gastroprotective activity in correspondence with their uses in traditional Ecuadorian herbal medicine.

Survey of Relations of Chemical Constituents in Polymer-Based Materials with Brittleness and its Associated Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4s) ◽  
pp. 595-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold Brostow ◽  
◽  
Haley E. Hagg Lobland ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Free Volume ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Polymer Processing ◽  
Brittle Behavior ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Common Thread

The property of brittleness for polymers and polymer-based materials (PBMs) is an important factor in determining the potential uses of a material. Brittleness of polymers may also impact the ease and modes of polymer processing, thereby affecting economy of production. Brittleness of PBMs can be correlated with certain other properties and features of polymers; to name a few, connections to free volume, impact strength, and scratch recovery have been explored. A common thread among all such properties is their relationship to chemical composition and morphology. Through a survey of existing literature on polymer brittleness specifically combined with relevant reports that connect additional materials and properties to that of brittleness, it is possible to identify chemical features of PBMs that are connected with observable brittle behavior. Relations so identified between chemical composition and structure of PBMs and brittleness are described herein, advancing knowledge and improving the capacity to design new and to choose among existing polymers in order to obtain materials with particular property profiles.

Medicinal Plants: Antibacterial Effects and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Foeniculum vulgare

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Foroughi ◽  
Pouya Pournaghi ◽  
Fariba Najafi ◽  
Akram Zangeneh ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Zangeneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Screen Test ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare

Medicinal plants are considered modern resources for producing agents that could act as alternatives to antibiotics in demeanor of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antibacterial activities of essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare (FV) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry was done to specify chemical composion. As a screen test to detect antibacterial properties of the essential oil, agar disk and agar well diffusion methods were employed. Macrobroth tube test was performed to determinate MIC. The results indicated that the most substance found in FV essential oil was Trans-anethole (47.41 %), also the essential oil of FV with 0.007 g/ml concentration has prevented P. aeruginosa and with 0.002 g/ml concentration has prevented B. subtilis from the growth. Thus, the research represents the antibacterial effects of the medical herb on test P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis. We believe that the article provide support to the antibacterial properties of the essential oil. The results indicate the fact that the essential oil from the plant can be useful as medicinal or preservatives composition.

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