Diversity of Fungi and Actinomycetes in Soil of Enclosed and Grazing Wetland on Inner Mongolian Plateau

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 2703-2706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Zhao ◽  
Yu Qin Shao ◽  
Zi Long Zhao ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Hui Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Mongolian Plateau ◽  
Floodplain Wetland ◽  
Typical Steppe ◽  
Plate Technique ◽  
Significant Difference

Soil fungi and actinomycetes, in floodplain wetland on Inner Mongolian Plateau were measured through Spread-Plate-Technique; the divergent characteristics of these two floras at floodplain wetland and typical steppe were analyzed; and several indicators of soil filamentous microbes, for example, diversity, richness, evenness, and dominance, were calculated. For fungi, there is significant difference between enclosed and grazing regions for diversity and richness; and there is significant difference between bump-top in enclosed regions (WT) and bump-top in grazing regions (WJ) for evenness; there is significant difference between in-between-bumps in enclosed regions (FT) and in-between-bumps in grazing regions (FJ) for dominance. For actinomycetes, there is significant difference between in-between-bumps in grazing regions and bump-top in grazing regions for diversity and evenness; and there is significant difference between bump-top and in-between-bumps in enclosed regions , bump-top in grazing regions and in-between-bumps in grazing regions for richness. The dominant groups are Mucor, Penicilliu floodplain wetland. But the dominant groups have changed in enclosed and grazing regions. The results have demonstrated a better understanding toward the development and succession mechanisms of floodplain wetland to provide the basis for protection and rational utilizations of floodplain wetland.

Study on the Divergent Characteristics of Soil Fungi and Actinomycetes at Dry Lake Wetland on Typical Steppe

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 2678-2681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Zhao ◽  
Yu Qin Shao ◽  
Zi Long Zhao ◽  
Zheng Min Li ◽  
Xiao Tong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Wetland Soil ◽  
Typical Steppe ◽  
Plate Technique ◽  
Dominant Soil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry Lake ◽  
Lake Center

In this study, the composition and distribution of dominant soil filamentous microbes , such as fungi and actinomycetes, at dry lake wetland soil on typical steppe were measured through Spread-Plate-Technique; the divergent characteristics of two microbial floras at lake wetland and typical steppe were analyzed; and several indicators of soil filamentous microbes, for example, diversity, richness, evenness, and dominance, were calculated. For fungi, there is significant difference between lake center (LC), typical steppe (TS) & lake bed (LB), lake side (LS) for diversity and richness; and there is significant difference between LC and TS& LB and LS for dominance. For actinomycetes, there is significant difference between LC & LS, and LB& TS for diversity; and there is significant difference between LC&TS for richness; and there is significant difference between LC&LS for evenness. At LC, the most dominant floras is Mucor, accounting for 100%. At LB, Mucor accounts for 26.25% and Penicillium accounts for 45%. At LS, the dominant floras are Mucor, accounting for 48%, and Penicillium, accounting for 34.48%. At TS, Penicillium has become the dominant flora to account for 92.23%. For actinomycetes, the most dominant floras at LC is Griseofuscus, accounting for 55.71%. At LS, the dominant floras are Griseofuscus accounting for18.75%, and balding group, accounting for 20%. At TS, the dominant flora are Griseofuscus, accounting for16.08%, and Flav us, accounting for 14.69%.The results have demonstrated a better understanding toward the development and succession mechanisms of wetland to provide the basis for protection and rational utilizations of dry lake wetland.

Divergent Characteristics of Soil Fungi and Actinomycetes at River Wetland on Typical Steppe

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 3114-3117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Qin Shao ◽  
Zi Long Zhao ◽  
Hui Zhou ◽  
Hui Min ◽  
Li Xin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Wetland Soil ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Typical Steppe ◽  
Plate Technique ◽  
Filamentous Microorganisms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Succession Process

In this study, the composition of dominant microorganisms, such as fungi and actinomycetes, in river wetland soil on typical steppe were measured through Spread-Plate-Technique; the divergent characteristics of these two floras at river wetland and typical steppe were analyzed; and several indicators of soil filamentous microorganisms, for example, diversity, richness, evenness, and dominance, were calculated. The results demonstrated that there is obvious divergence characteristics of terrestrial distribution for predominant flora, i.e. soil filamentous microorganisms, at river wetland on typical steppe. For fungi, there is significant difference between river center (HX), riverside (HB), low floodplain (DQ) & high floodplain (EQ), and typical steppe (DT) for diversity and richness; and there is significant difference between HX and DQ & EQ for evenness. For actinomycetes, there is significant difference between HX & HB, and EQ & DT for diversity and evenness; and there is significant difference between HX, HB, DQ & EQ, and DT for richness. There are certain differences between predominant floras at river wetland and typical steppe. At HX, the most dominant flora is Mucor to account for 100%. At DQ, the dominant floras are Mucor, accounting for 50%, and Cephalosporium, accounting for 50%. At EQ, Mucor accounts for 62.2% and Cephalosporium accounts for 21.1%. At DT, Penicillium has become the dominant flora to account for 69.2%. For actinomycetes, balding group accounts for 100% at HB and 66.7%. At DQ, two dominant floras are balding group and Griseofuscus to account for 38.5% and 41.3%, correspondingly. At DT, the dominant flora is Griseofuscus to account for 61.7%. For filamentous microorganisms at river wetland, two indicators, numbers and diversity, have shown the divergent characteristics that it evolves from humidogene to humidogene﹢terrestrial, then to terrestrial, where soil environment at DQ, EQ and DT are more suitable for the growth of filamentous microorganisms, and the decomposing processes from filamentous microorganisms have facilitated the development and succession process of river wetland. The results have demonstrated a better understanding toward the development and succession mechanisms of river wetland to provide the basis for protection and rational utilizations of river wetland.

Effects of crop rotations on microbial community in rhizosphere soil of cucumber seedlings and its feedback

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-250
Author(s):  
X.J. He ◽  
W.W. Zhu ◽  
F.Z. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Absolute Abundance ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soil Feedback

We studied the effects of 7-crop rotations and continuous - monocropping systems on soil microorganism and its feedback. The results showed that absolute abundance of soil bacteria (Pseudomonas and Bacillus) in tomato - celery - cucumber - cabbage and cucumber - tomato - cucumber - cabbage rotation were significantly higher than control (CK). Absolute abundance of soil fungi in tomato - celery - cucumber - cabbage, kidney bean - celery - cucumber - cabbage, cucumber - kidney bean - cucumber - cabbage and cucumber - tomato - cucumber - cabbage rotation were significantly higher than CK. Dry weight of cucumber seedlings was significantly positively correlated with bacterial (Pseudomonas and Bacillus) abundance, and negatively correlated with fungal count. The results of inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum showed that plant dry weight of cucumber seedlings in tomato - celery - cucumber - cabbage, cucumber - kidney bean - cucumber - cabbage, cucumber - tomato - cucumber - cabbage rotation soil was significantly higher than other treatments, and their disease index was significantly lower than other treatments. There was no significant difference in dry weight of cucumber seedlings in rotation and CK in the soil sterilization test. The results of plant - soil feedback experiment showed that soil microbial changes caused by different rotation patterns had a positive feedback effect on growth of cucumber seedlings.

The Distributive Characteristics of Soil Microorganisms at Dry Lake Wetland on Semiarid Grassland

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 2882-2886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Qin Shao ◽  
Zi Long Zhao ◽  
Miao Miao Hou ◽  
Hui Min ◽  
Zhong Ling Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Semiarid Grassland ◽  
Typical Steppe ◽  
Exploitation And Utilization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microbial Resources ◽  
Dry Lake ◽  
Lake Center

This research investigated the distributive characteristics of soil microorganisms at dry lake wetland on semiarid grassland. Four plots, typical steppe (DT), lake side (HB), lake bed (HD), and lake center (HX), were selected from Huitengxile located in semiarid grassland to conducted this investigation. The results showed that the number of aerobic bacteria at DT is 1.07 times that at HB, 1.14 times that at HX, and 1.45 times that at HD. The number of fungi at DT is 3.81 times that at HD, 10.65 times that at HB, and 25.75 times that at HX. There is significant difference between HX, HB and the other two plots (p<0.05). Also, there is significant difference between HD and DT. The number of Spore-forming bacteria at DT is 1.65 times that at HD, 2.15 times that at HB, and 6.35 times that at HX. There is significant difference between HD, HB and the other two plots, as well. The number of actinomycetes at HB is highest which is 2.12 times that at HD, 2.27 times that at DT, and 3.43 times that at HX. Moreover, there is a distinct feature of transverse distribution for soil microorganisms communities at dry lake wetland on semiarid grassland. Excluding actinomycetes, the number of soil microorganisms at dry lake wetland were both lower than that at typical steppe. There is a significant correlation between the total amount of soil microorganisms and microbial biomass C at dry lake wetland. These results can be used as the theoretical foundation for the restoration of degraded lake wetland, and the exploitation and utilization of wetland microbial resources.

Temporal and spatial heterogeneity of drought impact on vegetation growth on the Inner Mongolian Plateau

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Bailing ◽  
Li Zhiyong ◽  
Liang Cunzhu ◽  
Wang Lixin ◽  
Jia Chengzhen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Desert Steppe ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Mongolian Plateau ◽  
Typical Steppe ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index

Drought frequency and intensity have increased in recent decades, with consequences for the structure and function of ecosystems of the Inner Mongolian Plateau. In this study, the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) was chosen to assess the extent and severity of drought between 1982 and 2011. The normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used to analyse the responses of five different vegetation types (forest, meadow steppe, typical steppe, desert steppe and desert) to drought. Our results show that during the last 30 years, the frequency and intensity of droughts have increased significantly, especially in summer and autumn. The greatest decline in NDVI in response to drought was observed in typical steppe and desert steppe vegetation types. Compared with other seasons, maximum decline in NDVI was observed in summer. In addition, we found that NDVI in the five vegetation types showed a lag time of 1–2 months from drought in the spring and summer. Ancillary soil moisture conditions influenced the drought response, with desert steppe showing a stronger lag effect to spring and summer drought than the other vegetation types. Our results show that drought explains a high proportion of changes in NDVI, and suggest that recent climate change has been an important factor affecting vegetation productivity in the area.

DNA Sequence and Community Structure Diversity of Multi-Year Soil Fungi in Grape of Xinjiang

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Liu ◽  
Feng Xue
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Seedless Grape ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vineyard Soil

Abstract This study is designed to understand the community structure and diversity of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of grape. As the sample for this study, the rhizosphere soil of Crimson seedless grape with different planting years was collected from Shihezi in Xinjiang to carry out high-throughput sequencing, by which the complete sequence of soil fungi DNA was identified, and accordingly, the richness and diversity index of fungi were determined. The results showed that the dominant phyla of fungi in the grape rhizosphere soil with different planting years were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, and the dominant classes of fungi were Sordariomycetes and Dothideomycetes. Soil organic matter, total potassium, total nitrogen and available phosphorus were the main soil fertility factors affecting the abundance and diversity of soil fungal communities, among which soil organic matter had the most significant influence. In addition, the fungal diversity and richness were highest in the middle layer (20-35 cm) of the grape rhizosphere soil with 12 planting years and lowest in the lower layer (35-50 cm) of the grape rhizosphere soil with 5 planting years. Linear discriminant analysis suggested that there were more biomarkers in the vineyard rhizosphere soil with 10 planting years, which meant there were more fungal communities with significant difference in the soil, especially in the middle layer (20-35). The results of this study can provide data reference and theoretical basis for improving vineyard soil quality, evaluating soil microecological effects and improving ecological environment of vineyard soil.

scholarly journals Biomechanical Evaluation of a Mandibular Spanning Plate Technique Compared to Standard Plating Techniques to Treat Mandibular Symphyseal Fractures

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Matthew Richardson ◽  
Jonathan Hayes ◽  
J. Randall Jordan ◽  
Aaron Puckett ◽  
Matthew Fort
Keyword(s):  
Peak Load ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Mandibular Angle ◽  
Reconstruction Plate ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Lag Screw ◽  
Plate Technique ◽  
Biomechanical Behavior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biomechanical Evaluation

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to compare the biomechanical behavior of the spanning reconstruction plate compared to standard plating techniques for mandibular symphyseal fractures.Materials and Methods. Twenty-five human mandible replicas were used. Five unaltered synthetic mandibles were used as controls. Four experimental groups of different reconstruction techniques with five in each group were tested. Each synthetic mandible was subjected to a splaying force applied to the mandibular angle by a mechanical testing unit until the construct failed. Peak load and stiffness were recorded. The peak load and stiffness were analyzed using ANOVA and the Tukey test at a confidence level of 95% (P<0.05).Results. The two parallel plates’ group showed statistically significant lower values for peak load and stiffness compared to all other groups. No statistically significant difference was found for peak load and stiffness between the control (C) group, lag screw (LS) group, and the spanning plate (SP1) group.Conclusions. The spanning reconstruction plate technique for fixation of mandibular symphyseal fractures showed similar mechanical behavior to the lag screw technique when subjected to splaying forces between the mandibular gonial angles and may be considered as an alternative technique when increased reconstructive strength is needed.

Distributive Characteristics of Soil Microorganisms at Wetland on Mongolian Plateau in Inner Mongolia (E1483)

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 2624-2629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Zhao ◽  
Hui Min ◽  
Yu Qin Shao ◽  
Zi Long Zhao ◽  
Qi Ming Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
High Water ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Mongolian Plateau ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
Survival And Reproduction

This research is to study the distributive characteristics of soil microorganisms at river wetland on Mongolian Plateau in Inner Mongolia. The results showed that the quantities distribution of various floras of soil microorganisms in different plots (such as bump-top and in-between-bumps in enclosed and grazing regions, low floodplain and high floodplain) at wetland of the Xilin River are the same, which is bacteria＞actinomycetes＞fungi.In enclosed region, the amounts of bacteria are higher than that of other regions. Since is under natural restoration process in enclosed region, there is no significant difference between bump-top and in-between-bumps. At bump-top, it is seasonally flooded, and at in-between-bumps, there is always ponded water to cause high water content. Since high water content is not in favor to the survival of actinomycetes, the number of actinomycetes at bump-top is higher than that at in-between-bumps. Though there is low requirement of water for fungi, the number of fungi at bump-top is higher than that at in-between-bumps. In grazing region, there are more soil microorganisms at bump-top due to shorter flooded time and better air ventilation. At bump-top, organic matter is much richer, due to resupplied from animal manure, withered grass and falling leaves, which is in favor to the reproduction of actinomycetes and fungi. Since there are mostly hydrophilic plants and less biodiversity at in-between-bumps, the number of soil microorganisms is smaller. In floodplain region, the amount of bacteria at low floodplain is higher than that at high floodplain, due to higher water content, which is in favor to the reproduction of bacteria. Actinomycetes are basophilic bacteria. The amount of actinomycetes at low floodplain is higher than that at high floodplain, since high water content has led low floodplain to alkali soil. The amount of fungi at high floodplain is higher due to more suitable environment for survival and reproduction.

scholarly journals Efficacy of biofungicides Supresivit and Polyversum against Phytophthora root pathogens on European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
G. Juhásová ◽  
S. Bernadovičová
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Pythium Oligandrum ◽  
European Chestnut ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Ink Disease

The effect of two commercially produced biopreparations on the originators of chestnut ink disease in Slovakia &ndash; soil fungi Phytophthora cambivora and Phytophthora cinnamomi was tested in laboratory conditions. Investigations of interrelations between Trichoderma harzianum (Pythium oligandrum) and isolates of Phytophthora sp. obtained from infected tissues of Castanea sativa Mill. proved more important inhibitive effects for Pythium oligandrum (biopreparation Polyversum) efficiency 25.3% (Ph. cambivora) and 26.2% (Ph. cinnamomi). Biopreparation Supresivit (Trichoderma harzianum) reached the efficiency 9.1% for Ph. cambivora isolates and 9.2% for Ph. cinnamomi isolates. Significant effect of the used bioformulas for inhibition of mycelial growth of both Phytophthora sp. and significant difference in the efficacy of two different bioformulas were confirmed statistically. &nbsp;

scholarly journals DNA sequence and community structure diversity of multi-year soil fungi in Grape of Xinjiang

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Xue ◽  
Tong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Seedless Grape ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vineyard Soil

AbstractThis study is designed to understand the community structure and diversity of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of grape. As the sample for this study, the rhizosphere soil of Crimson seedless grape with different planting years was collected from Shihezi in Xinjiang to carry out high-throughput sequencing, by which the complete sequence of soil fungi DNA was identified, and accordingly, the richness and diversity index of fungi were determined. The results showed that the dominant phyla of fungi in the grape rhizosphere soil with different planting years were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, and the dominant classes of fungi were Sordariomycetes and Dothideomycetes. Soil organic matter, total potassium, total nitrogen and available phosphorus were the main soil fertility factors affecting the abundance and diversity of soil fungal communities, among which soil organic matter had the most significant influence. In addition, the fungal diversity and richness were highest in the middle layer (20–35 cm) of the grape rhizosphere soil with 12 planting years and lowest in the lower layer (35–50 cm) of the grape rhizosphere soil with 5 planting years. Linear discriminant analysis suggested that there were more biomarkers in the vineyard rhizosphere soil with 10 planting years, which meant there were more fungal communities with significant difference in the soil, especially in the middle layer (20–35). The results of this study can provide data reference and theoretical basis for improving vineyard soil quality, evaluating soil microecological effects and improving ecological environment of vineyard soil.

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