Effects and Mechanism of Organic Acids on Aluminum Availability of Dark Brown Forest Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 709-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Xing Cui ◽  
Jin Feng Song ◽  
Ya Fen Guo ◽  
Jin Zhong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Organic Salt ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Organic Salts ◽  
Complexation Reactions

The effects and mechanism of different concentration organic acids and organic salts solution on Al availability of dark brown forest soil were studied. It was resulted that, oxalic acid/oxalate and citric acid/citrate substantially stimulated soil Al release of dark brown forest soil. The effect of organic acids/salts on Al release would be strengthen with increasing of their concentrations.The contents of Al released from A1 horizon was higher than that from B horizon. Organic salt solutions had much higher effects than organic acid the same in concentration, i.e. citrate>citric acid, oxalate>oxalic acid. Therefore, the mechanism of organic acid/salts triggering release of soil Al was assumed to be dominated by complexation reactions of organic anions. Citric acid/ citrate had much higher effect than oxalic acid/ oxalate at same concentration to A1 and B horizons, i.e. citrate> oxalate, citric acid>oxalic acid, which was primarily related with the greater complexing capacities and dissociation constants of citric acid.

scholarly journals Organic Acid Profile of “Batuan” (Garcinia binucao [Blco] Choisy) Fruit

2017 ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Quevedo ◽  
Erlinda Dizon ◽  
Florinia Merca
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Organic Acid Profile

“Batuan” fruit (Garcinia binucao [Blco.] Choisy), an indigenous acidulant grown in the Visayas State University, Baybay City, Leyte was analyzed for its organic acid profile at different stages of maturity for the development of potential food and non-food products. The analysis of organic acid content was done using Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Organic acids in the dried, powdered “batuan” fruit samples were extracted with the mobile phase (50mM KH2PO4/ H3PO4, pH2.8). The sample extracts and organic acid standards (oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, and succinic acid) were injected to RP-HPLC under isocratic elution with the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0mL min-1 and using UV-vis detection at 210nm. “Batuan” fruit samples contain oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, and a few unidentified organic acids. Among the organic acids present, citric acid accumulated the highest in the ripe “batuan” fruit; fumaric acid, the least. Results of this study show that “batuan” fruit could be a good natural source of acidulant for food and non-food applications.

scholarly journals Sugars, organic acids, minerals and lipids in jabuticaba

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 540-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annete de Jesus Boari Lima ◽  
Angelita Duarte Corrêa ◽  
Ana Maria Dantas-Barros ◽  
David Lee Nelson ◽  
Ana Carolina Lourenço Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Mineral Compositions

The aim of this work was to determine the sugar, organic acid and mineral compositions of the whole fruit and fractions (skin, pulp and seed) of the Paulista (Plinia cauliflora) and Sabará (Plinia jaboticaba) jabuticaba tree genotypes, as well as the oil compositions of their skin and seeds. High levels of sugar, especially fructose, followed by glucose and sucrose, were encountered in the fruit. In the Paulista genotype, higher levels of total and reducing sugars were found in the pulp and skin, which was not observed when comparing the whole fruit of both genotypes. Five organic acids were found in the whole fruit and in the fractions of the two jabuticaba genotypes in quantitative order: citric acid > succinic acid > malic acid > oxalic acid > acetic acid. Potassium was the most abundant mineral found. This fruit was also shown to be rich in magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and copper. The seed oil had nearly the same constitution as the oil extracted from the skin in both genotypes and the major compounds were an unidentified phytosterol, palmitic, linoleic and oleic acids, and squalene.

Effects of Organic Acids on Chlorophyll Contents and Photosynthesis of Fraxinus mandshurica Seedlings

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 713-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Feng Song ◽  
Hai Yun Qi ◽  
Xiao Yang Cui ◽  
Hong Mei Peng
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Organic Ligand ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Fraxinus Mandshurica ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Series Of Experiments

By simulating oxalic and citric acid concentrations in forest litter leachates,a series of experiments were conducted to study the effects of oxalic acid and citric acid solutions on chlorophyll contents and photosynthesis of Fraxinus mandshurica seedlings.It resulted that, organic acids of appropriate concentrations increased chlorophyll contents, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents varied more than carotenoid content, and 1.0mmol/L solution was best. To photosynthesis, the variability treads of net photosynthetic rates with organic acids were probably consistent to those with distilled water, but the values all increased, and 5.0mmol/L solution was best. Effects of different organic acids on chlorophyll contents and photosynthesis followed the series: citric acid >oxalic acid, and it might be relative to chemical structure, dissociation constants and organic ligand-metal stabilities of two kinds of organic acids.

Evaluation of Microwave-Assisted Organic Acid Separation of Organic Sulfur from High Sulfur Coal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoshun Jiang ◽  
Jin Liu ◽  
Shen Hao ◽  
Zheng Pang ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Organic Sulfur ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Operation Conditions

Abstract To explore the feasibility of organic acid removal of organic sulfur from high sulfur coal, three organic acids, oxalic acid, citric acid and ascorbic acid, were selected as desulfurization reagents. Combined with microwave irradiation technology, desulfurization experiments of high-sulfur coal treated with nitric acid were conducted. The orthogonal experimental results showed that microwave synergistic citric acid desulfurization had a better desulfurization effect. The removal rate of organic sulfur was 55.47% when the operation conditions of the reaction were 1 mol/L, 90 ℃ and 1000 W for 7 min. The desulfurization efficiency of oxalic acid and ascorbic acid was not good, and the removal efficiencies of organic sulfur were 32.35% and 21.37%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that sulfones and sulfoxides were partially reduced and that the removal effect of thiophene was poor. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the mercapto group in the mercaptan combined with hydrogen ions and escaped in the form of H2S. The content of aromatic thioether and aromatic thiol in the coal treated with microwave irradiation was only 0.1%. Research indicates that microwave-assisted organic acid removal of organic sulfur is feasible, and researchers can explore more efficient organic acids as desulfurization reagents based on this study.

scholarly journals The Fermentation of Salts of Organic Acids as an aid to the differentiation of Bacterial Types

1924 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Brown ◽  
J. T. Duncan ◽  
T. A. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Organic Salt ◽  
Simple Explanation ◽  
Organic Salts ◽  
Tartaric Acids ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrios

(1) Reaction changes and production of gas in organic salt media are not sufficiently constant to form a reliable diagnostic criterion for the differentiation of bacterial types.(2) The enhancement or inhibition of bacterial growth in such media in the majority of cases bears a direct relationship to the utilisation of the salt by the organism. This furnishes a useful differential test for certain organisms when citrates are used, but cannot be applied in the cases of all salts.(3) The bacterial decomposition of the salts of those organic acids which form insoluble lead salts can be clearly demonstrated by the addition of suitable quantities of a solution of lead acetate to the culture.(4) By the use of six organic salts, seven different groupings of the common Salmonella types can be obtained, whereas the sugar reactions have, up to the present, yielded only four different groupings.(5) Regarding other groups of bacteria, the organic salts form an easy means of distinguishing between pathogenic and certain non-pathogenic vibrios, and between certain of the members of thecoli-aërogenesgroup, and also betweenB. diphtheriaeand Hofmann's bacillus, as well as betweenB. malleiandB. whitmori.(6) The six organic salts employed in this test are relatively inexpensive, will stand sterilising by autoclave, and can be obtained with certainty in a state of purity much more readily than the rarer “sugars.”(7) The nature of the decomposition products of citric acid has been fully examined in the case ofBacillus suipestifer; it has been shown that the products are acetic acid, carbon dioxide and succinic acid, and a simple explanation of the mechanism of this reaction is put forward. In the case of fumaric acid a preliminary examination shows that the acid is converted into succinic acid probably by direct reduction. Maleic acid appears to behave in an analogous manner to fumaric acid. Further work on these acids is in progress.(8) A large number of organic acid salts have been tried, but only the six suggested have given useful results. It appears that simple aliphatic monobasic and dibasic acids, with the exception of formic acid, are not decomposed readily by the bacteria investigated, and this is also true of monohydroxycarboxylic acids. Readiness of decomposition is first shown by the dihydroxydicarboxylic acids (tartaric acids), and appears to be at its best in the hydroxytricarboxylic acid (citric acid).(9) While organic salt fermentation tests have been found particularly useful in the cases of the bacterial groups dealt with in this paper, they cannot be substituted for the “sugar reactions” in general use.

scholarly journals Characterization of Aerosol Composition, Aerosol Acidity and Organic Acid Partitioning at an Agriculture-Intensive Rural Southeastern U.S. Site

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora Nah ◽  
Hongyu Guo ◽  
Amy P. Sullivan ◽  
Yunle Chen ◽  
David J. Tanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molar Concentration ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Phase Water ◽  
Acetic Acids

Abstract. The implementation of stringent emission regulations has resulted in the decline of anthropogenic pollutants including sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO). In contrast, ammonia (NH3) emissions are largely unregulated, with emissions projected to increase in the future. We present real-time aerosol and gas measurements from a field study conducted in an agricultural-intensive region in the southeastern U.S. during the fall of 2016 to investigate how NH3 affects particle acidity and SOA formation via the gas-particle partitioning of semi-volatile organic acids. Particle water and pH were determined using the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic model and validated by comparing predicted inorganic HNO3-NO3− and NH3-NH4+ gas-particle partitioning ratios with measured values. Our results showed that despite the high NH3 concentrations (study average 8.1 ± 5.2 ppb), PM1 were highly acidic with pH values ranging from 0.9 to 3.8, and a study-averaged pH of 2.2 ± 0.6. PM1 pH varied by approximately 1.4 units diurnally. Formic and acetic acids were the most abundant gas-phase organic acids, and oxalate was the most abundant particle-phase water-soluble organic acid anion. Measured particle-phase water-soluble organic acids were on average 6 % of the total non-refractory PM1 organic aerosol mass. The measured molar fraction of oxalic acid in the particle phase (i.e., particle-phase oxalic acid molar concentration divided by the total oxalic acid molar concentration) ranged between 47 and 90 % for PM1 pH 1.2 to 3.4. The measured oxalic acid gas-particle partitioning ratios were in good agreement with their corresponding thermodynamic predictions, calculated based on oxalic acid’s physicochemical properties, ambient temperature, particle water and pH. In contrast, gas-particle partitioning of formic and acetic acids were not well predicted for reasons currently unknown. For this study, higher NH3 concentrations relative to what has been measured in the region in previous studies had minor effects on PM1 organic acids and their influence on the overall organic aerosol and PM1 mass concentrations.

scholarly journals The potential contribution of organic salts to new particle growth

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2949-2957 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Barsanti ◽  
P. H. McMurry ◽  
J. N. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Organic Salt ◽  
Pure Liquid ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Salt Formation ◽  
Organic Salts ◽  
Acids And Bases ◽  
Atmospherically Relevant

Abstract. Field and lab measurements suggest that low-molecular weight (MW) organic acids and bases exist in accumulation and nucleation mode particles, despite their relatively high pure-liquid vapor pressures. The mechanism(s) by which such compounds contribute to the mass growth of existing aerosol particles and newly formed particles has not been thoroughly explored. One mechanism by which low-MW compounds may contribute to new particle growth is through the formation of organic salts. In this paper we use thermodynamic modeling to explore the potential for organic salt formation by atmospherically relevant organic acids and bases for two system types: one in which the relative contribution of ammonia vs. amines in forming organic salts was evaluated, the other in which the decrease in volatility of organic acids and bases due to organic salt formation was assessed. The modeling approach employed relied heavily on group contribution and other estimation methods for necessary physical and chemical parameters. The results of this work suggest that amines may be an important contributor to organic salt formation, and that experimental data are greatly needed to improve our understanding of organic salt formation in atmospherically relevant systems and to accurately predict the potential contribution of such salts to new particle growth.

scholarly journals BX795-Organic Acid Coevaporates: Evaluation of Solid-State Characteristics, In Vitro Cytocompatibility and In Vitro Activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1920
Author(s):  
Yogesh Sutar ◽  
Tejabhiram Yadavalli ◽  
Sagar Kumar Paul ◽  
Sudipta Mallick ◽  
Raghuram Koganti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Amorphous Systems ◽  
Amorphous System ◽  
Hsv 1

BX795 is a TANK binding kinase-1 inhibitor that has shown excellent therapeutic activity in murine models of genital and ocular herpes infections on topical delivery. Currently, only the BX795 free base and its hydrochloride salt are available commercially. Here, we evaluate the ability of various organic acids suitable for vaginal and/or ocular delivery to form BX795 salts/cocrystals/co-amorphous systems with the aim of facilitating pharmaceutical development of BX795. We characterized BX795-organic acid coevaporates using powder X-ray diffractometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to elucidate the interaction between BX795 and various organic acids such as taurine, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid. Furthermore, using human corneal epithelial cells and HeLa cells, we evaluated BX795-organic acid coevaporates for in vitro cytocompatibility and in vitro antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus-type 1 (HSV-1) and type-2 (HSV-2). Our studies indicate that BX795 forms co-amorphous systems with tartaric acid and citric acid. Interestingly, the association of organic acids with BX795 improved its thermal stability. Our in vitro cytocompatibility and in vitro antiviral studies to screen suitable BX795-organic acid coevaporates for further development show that all BX795-organic acid systems, at a concentration equivalent to 10 µM BX795, retained antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 but showed differential cytocompatibility. Further, dose-dependent in vitro cytocompatibility and antiviral activity studies on the BX795-fumaric acid system, BX795-tartaric acid co-amorphous system, and BX795-citric acid co-amorphous system show similar antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 compared to BX795, whereas only the BX795-citric acid co-amorphous system showed higher in vitro cytocompatibility compared to BX795.

Paper Chromatographic Detection of Major Organic Acids in Fruit Juices

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 646-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Fitelson
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Standard Acid ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Cherry Juice ◽  
Chromatographic Detection

Abstract The official AOAC paper chromatographic method for organic acids in vanilla extract has been modified slightly for fruit juices. Fruit juices are characterized by simple major organic acid patterns, so that addition of a foreign acid or cheaper fruit juices can frequently be detected by significant changes in the major organic acid pattern. A standard acid solution, developed simultaneously, provides a rough measure of the acid spot intensities. Eight collaborators participated in the examination of the two samples submitted. Two authentic juices were also provided for comparison purposes. All collaborators correctly found the unknown cherry juice to be adulterated with citric acid. Seven of the eight collaborators also reported correctly that the unknown blackberry juice was adulterated, although the acid pattern of this juice is more complicated and the addition of citric acid is more difficult to detect. The method is recommended for adoption as official first action.

The enthalpies of dilution of aqueous organic acids: oxalic acid and citric acid at 298.15 K

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celina Dobrogowska ◽  
Loren G Hepler ◽  
Alexander Apelblat
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Enthalpies Of Dilution
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