Paper Chromatographic Detection of Major Organic Acids in Fruit Juices

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 646-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Fitelson
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Standard Acid ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Cherry Juice ◽  
Chromatographic Detection

Abstract The official AOAC paper chromatographic method for organic acids in vanilla extract has been modified slightly for fruit juices. Fruit juices are characterized by simple major organic acid patterns, so that addition of a foreign acid or cheaper fruit juices can frequently be detected by significant changes in the major organic acid pattern. A standard acid solution, developed simultaneously, provides a rough measure of the acid spot intensities. Eight collaborators participated in the examination of the two samples submitted. Two authentic juices were also provided for comparison purposes. All collaborators correctly found the unknown cherry juice to be adulterated with citric acid. Seven of the eight collaborators also reported correctly that the unknown blackberry juice was adulterated, although the acid pattern of this juice is more complicated and the addition of citric acid is more difficult to detect. The method is recommended for adoption as official first action.

scholarly journals HPLC FINGERPRINT OF ORGANIC ACIDS IN FRUIT JUICES

1970 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Leopold ◽  
Diehl Horst ◽  
Carmen Socaciu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Hplc Fingerprint ◽  
Organic Acid Profile ◽  
Phase Column ◽  
Reversed Phase Column

Organic acids give fruit products their characteristic tartness and vary in combination and in concentrations among different juices. The organic acid profile can be used to identify a juice or verify its purity. Typically, organic acids in fruit juices are identified and quantified by using methods such as HPLC. In this procedure, reversed phase column is used to separate and identificate six organic acids. Because several of the analytes are extremely difficult to resolve, a aqueous mobile phase is needed to enhance interaction between the acids and the C18 stationary phase.

scholarly journals BX795-Organic Acid Coevaporates: Evaluation of Solid-State Characteristics, In Vitro Cytocompatibility and In Vitro Activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1920
Author(s):  
Yogesh Sutar ◽  
Tejabhiram Yadavalli ◽  
Sagar Kumar Paul ◽  
Sudipta Mallick ◽  
Raghuram Koganti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Amorphous Systems ◽  
Amorphous System ◽  
Hsv 1

BX795 is a TANK binding kinase-1 inhibitor that has shown excellent therapeutic activity in murine models of genital and ocular herpes infections on topical delivery. Currently, only the BX795 free base and its hydrochloride salt are available commercially. Here, we evaluate the ability of various organic acids suitable for vaginal and/or ocular delivery to form BX795 salts/cocrystals/co-amorphous systems with the aim of facilitating pharmaceutical development of BX795. We characterized BX795-organic acid coevaporates using powder X-ray diffractometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to elucidate the interaction between BX795 and various organic acids such as taurine, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid. Furthermore, using human corneal epithelial cells and HeLa cells, we evaluated BX795-organic acid coevaporates for in vitro cytocompatibility and in vitro antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus-type 1 (HSV-1) and type-2 (HSV-2). Our studies indicate that BX795 forms co-amorphous systems with tartaric acid and citric acid. Interestingly, the association of organic acids with BX795 improved its thermal stability. Our in vitro cytocompatibility and in vitro antiviral studies to screen suitable BX795-organic acid coevaporates for further development show that all BX795-organic acid systems, at a concentration equivalent to 10 µM BX795, retained antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 but showed differential cytocompatibility. Further, dose-dependent in vitro cytocompatibility and antiviral activity studies on the BX795-fumaric acid system, BX795-tartaric acid co-amorphous system, and BX795-citric acid co-amorphous system show similar antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 compared to BX795, whereas only the BX795-citric acid co-amorphous system showed higher in vitro cytocompatibility compared to BX795.

Degradation studies of organic acids in commercially packed fruit juices: A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchika Raghav ◽  
Nisha Yadav ◽  
Gunjan Tyagi ◽  
Deepak K. Jangir ◽  
Ranjana Mehrotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽  
Orange Fruit ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Ammonium Dihydrogen Orthophosphate

Abstract Organic acids are important constituents of fruit juices. They render tartness, flavour and specific taste to fruit juices. Shelf life and stability of fruit juices are important factors, which determine their nutritional quality and freshness. In this view, the effect of storage on the concentration of organic acids in commercially packed fruit juices is studied by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Ten packed fruit juices from two different brands are stored at 30°C for 24, 48 and 72 hours. A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method is used to determine the concentration of oxalic, tartaric, malic, ascorbic and citric acid in the fruit juices during storage. The chromatographic analysis of organic acids is carried out using mobile phase 0.5% (w/v) ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer (pH 2.8) on C18 column with UV-Vis detector. The results show that the concentration of organic acids generally decreases in juices under study with the increase in storage time. All the fruit juices belonging to tropicana brand underwent less organic acid degradation in comparison to juices of real brand. Orange fruit juice is found to be least stable among the juices under study, after the span of 72 hours. Amongst all the organic acids under investigation minimum stability is shown by ascorbic acid followed by malic and citric acid.

Effects and Mechanism of Organic Acids on Aluminum Availability of Dark Brown Forest Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 709-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Xing Cui ◽  
Jin Feng Song ◽  
Ya Fen Guo ◽  
Jin Zhong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Organic Salt ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Organic Salts ◽  
Complexation Reactions

The effects and mechanism of different concentration organic acids and organic salts solution on Al availability of dark brown forest soil were studied. It was resulted that, oxalic acid/oxalate and citric acid/citrate substantially stimulated soil Al release of dark brown forest soil. The effect of organic acids/salts on Al release would be strengthen with increasing of their concentrations.The contents of Al released from A1 horizon was higher than that from B horizon. Organic salt solutions had much higher effects than organic acid the same in concentration, i.e. citrate>citric acid, oxalate>oxalic acid. Therefore, the mechanism of organic acid/salts triggering release of soil Al was assumed to be dominated by complexation reactions of organic anions. Citric acid/ citrate had much higher effect than oxalic acid/ oxalate at same concentration to A1 and B horizons, i.e. citrate> oxalate, citric acid>oxalic acid, which was primarily related with the greater complexing capacities and dissociation constants of citric acid.

scholarly journals Determination of Organic Acids in Fruit juices by UPLC

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Khosravi ◽  
Nahid Rastakhiz ◽  
Behzad Iranmanesh ◽  
Seyyed Sina Seyyed Jafari Olia
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Electron System ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Grape Fruit ◽  
Array Detection

A reversed phase UPLC method for separation and quantification of organic acids (oxalic, citric, tartaric, malic and ascorbic and lactic acids) in fruit juices was developed. The chromatographic separation was performed with a Surveyor Thermo Electron system at 10°C by using a potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer (pH3.1) as mobile phase, an Hypersil Gold a Q Analytical Column and diode array detection at λ=254 nm for ascorbic acid and λ=214 nm for the other organic acids. Organic acid profiles of seven species of fruits: sweet orange, white and red apple, lemon, lime, white and pink grape fruit were established. Species significantly affect the organic acid distribution of fruit juices. In all juices, the most abundant organic acid was citric acid, ranging from 5.22 to 62.42g/l. Fruit juices are good sources of ascorbic acid (0.137-0.625g/l). The average ascorbic acid was the highest in lemon juice followed by sweet orange juice, sweetie and white grapefruit.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i5.12690

scholarly journals Organic Acid Profile of “Batuan” (Garcinia binucao [Blco] Choisy) Fruit

2017 ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Quevedo ◽  
Erlinda Dizon ◽  
Florinia Merca
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Organic Acid Profile

“Batuan” fruit (Garcinia binucao [Blco.] Choisy), an indigenous acidulant grown in the Visayas State University, Baybay City, Leyte was analyzed for its organic acid profile at different stages of maturity for the development of potential food and non-food products. The analysis of organic acid content was done using Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Organic acids in the dried, powdered “batuan” fruit samples were extracted with the mobile phase (50mM KH2PO4/ H3PO4, pH2.8). The sample extracts and organic acid standards (oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, and succinic acid) were injected to RP-HPLC under isocratic elution with the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0mL min-1 and using UV-vis detection at 210nm. “Batuan” fruit samples contain oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, and a few unidentified organic acids. Among the organic acids present, citric acid accumulated the highest in the ripe “batuan” fruit; fumaric acid, the least. Results of this study show that “batuan” fruit could be a good natural source of acidulant for food and non-food applications.

scholarly journals Disruption of a putative mitochondrial oxaloacetate shuttle protein in Aspergillus carbonarius results in secretion of malic acid at the expense of citric acid production

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
Tore Linde ◽  
Abeer H. Hossain ◽  
Mette Lübeck ◽  
Peter J. Punt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Citric Acid Production ◽  
Aspergillus Carbonarius ◽  
Transcription Analysis ◽  
Organic Acid Production

Abstract Background In filamentous fungi, transport of organic acids across the mitochondrial membrane is facilitated by active transport via shuttle proteins. These transporters may transfer different organic acids across the membrane while taking others the opposite direction. In Aspergillus niger, accumulation of malate in the cytosol can trigger production of citric acid via the exchange of malate and citrate across the mitochondrial membrane. Several mitochondrial organic acid transporters were recently studied in A. niger showing their effects on organic acid production. Results In this work, we studied another citric acid producing fungus, Aspergillus carbonarius, and identified by genome-mining a putative mitochondrial transporter MtpA, which was not previously studied, that might be involved in production of citric acid. This gene named mtpA encoding a putative oxaloacetate transport protein was expressed constitutively in A. carbonarius based on transcription analysis. To study its role in organic acid production, we disrupted the gene and analyzed its effects on production of citric acid and other organic acids, such as malic acid. In total, 6 transformants with gene mtpA disrupted were obtained and they showed secretion of malic acid at the expense of citric acid production. Conclusion A putative oxaloacetate transporter gene which is potentially involved in organic acid production by A. carbonarius was identified and further investigated on its effects on production of citric acid and malic acid. The mtpA knockout strains obtained produced less citric acid and more malic acid than the wild type, in agreement with our original hypothesis. More extensive studies should be conducted in order to further reveal the mechanism of organic acid transport as mediated by the MtpA transporter.

Phosphorus release kinetics and solubility capacity of phosphorus fractionation induced by organic acids from a black soil in northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Yang ◽  
Xiangwei Chen ◽  
Xitian Yang
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Phosphorus Fractionation ◽  
Transformation Rate ◽  
P Release

Phosphorus (P) fertilizers are added to improve the soil P fertility, but the rate of P release can greatly influence its availability. Organic acids are effective in the release of inorganic P (Pi), but the contribution of each Pi fraction is not well understood. This study reported the transformation rate of P and solubility of Pi fractions induced by organic acids. Path analysis was utilized to explore the direct and indirect effects of Pi fractions on the amount of total Pi (TPi) solubilized. Results showed that the P release was initially rapid, followed by a slower release that lasted up to 2160 h, and the Elovich equation was the best-fitted kinetic equation to estimate the transformation rate of available P. The amount of TPi-solubilized by oxalic and citric acids tended to increase with increasing organic acid concentrations. Oxalic acid exhibited a lower TPi-solubility capability than citric acid when the organic acid concentration was ≤1 mmol L−1, whereas citric acid was higher at ≥1.5 mmol L−1. The Al-P-solubilized had the highest content of studied fractions, and path analysis revealed that the Al-P-solubilized exhibited a significant direct effect on TPi-solubilized. Thus, Al-P is a potential P source in black soil.

scholarly journals Total Phenolic Contents, Antioxidant Activities and Organic Acids Composition of Three Selected Fruit Extracts at Different Maturity Stages

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Seri Intan Mokhtar ◽  
Chee Leong Pheen ◽  
Ee Ven Lee ◽  
Nur Ain Abd Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Total Phenolic Contents ◽  
Young Stage

The total phenolic contents (TPC), antioxidant activities and organic acid composition of Salacca zalacca, Mangifera indica L. Chok Anan and Baccaurea motleyana Hook. F. extracts at different maturity stages were evaluated by using modified Folin-Ciocalteu assay at 765 nm absorbance, 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and HPLC RP18 column at 215 nm. TPC content ranged from 63.9 mg GAE/100g to 381.23 mg GAE/100g, whereas the antioxidant activity ranged from 3.10% - 84.45%. The M. indica L. Chok Anan contained malic acid and citric acid in the range of 43.897-73.396 mg/100g FW and 2.681-18.428 mg/100g FW at young to ripe stages, respectively. B. motleyana Hook. F. contained citric acid and tartaric acid in the range of 4.649-6.114 mg/100g FW and 3.645-4.365 mg/100g FW at young to ripe stages, respectively. S. zalacca contained malic acid and citric acid in the range of 4.270-17.926mg/100g FW and 0.845-3.284 mg/100g FW at young to ripe stages, respectively. The highest TPC and antioxidant activity were found in the young stage of S. zalacca fruit extract with lowest inhibitory concentration (IC50) valued at 0.57 mgml-1. There was a positive linear correlation between the TPC and antioxidant activities of the fruit extracts. Malic acid is the predominant organic acid in M. indica L. Chok Anan and S. zalacca, while citric acid is the predominant organic acid in B. motleyana Hook. F. This research suggests that the studied fruits at young stage are a better source of TPC and antioxidants. The tested fruits showed a decrease in the concentration of organic acids with ripening.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into the Root Response of Chinese Fir to Phosphorus Deficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanting Chen ◽  
Mengyan Zhou ◽  
Mingzhen Zhao ◽  
Ranhong Chen ◽  
Mulualem Tigabu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Purple Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Pi Deficiency

Abstract Background: Phosphorus is one of the essential elements for plant growth and development, but the content of plant available phosphorus (Pi) in many soil types is low. As a fast-growing timber species, Chinese fir is in great demand of Pi, and the lack of Pi in soil restricts the increase of productivity of Chinese fir plantation. Root morphology and the synthesis and secretion of organic acids play an important role in the uptake of phosphorus, but the molecular mechanisms of Chinese fir in response to Pi deficiency are largely unexplored. Results: In this study, seedlings of Yang 061 clone were grown under three Pi supply levels (0, 5 and 10 mg·L-1 P) and morphological attributes, organic acid content and enzyme activity were measured, the transcriptome data of Chinese fir root system were obtained and the expression levels of phosphorus responsive genes and organic acid synthesis related genes on citric acid and glyoxylate cycle pathway were determined. The results showed that there were 50,808 Unigenes annotated from the transcriptome of Chinese fir roots. Among differentially expressed genes, seven genes of phosphate transporter family and seventeen genes of purple acid phosphatase family were up-regulated by Pi deficiency, two proteins of SPX domain were up-regulated and one was down-regulated. The metabolic pathways of the citric acid and glyoxylate cycle pathway were mapped, and the expression characteristics of the related Unigenes under different phosphorus treatments were analyzed. The genes involved in malic acid and citric acid synthesis were up-regulated, and the activities of the related enzymes were significantly enhanced under long-term stress. The contents of citric acid and malic acid in the roots of Chinese fir increased after 30days of Pi deficiency. Conclusion: The Chinese fir roots showed increased expression of citrate and malate synthesis genes, increased content of organic acids and enhanced activities of related enzymes under Pi deficiency. The results provide a new insight for revealing the molecular mechanism of Pi deficiency and the pathway of organic acid synthesis in Chinese fir roots.

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