Adaptive Control of Synchromesh Shifting Process for Automated Manual Transmission

2012 ◽  
Vol 455-456 ◽  
pp. 1132-1135
Author(s):  
Peng Gong ◽  
Jian Min Meng ◽  
Jun Qiang Xi
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Manual Transmission ◽  
The Other ◽  
Automated Manual Transmission ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Ideal

It is difficult to gain the ideal effect by using a single control method for shifting process due to many influence factors of synchromesh shifting process in Automated Manual Transmission (AMT). Synchromesh shifting process is divided into two stages. One is stage of eliminating the gap of synchronizer, and the other is the slipping stage of synchromesh. The paper mainly analyses the control process of eliminating the gap of synchronizer. By adopting the adaptive control to reduce the shock of initial shifting stage, it can reduce impact and abrasion wear, and improve the quality of whole shifting process.

Influence of the Sleeve Teeth Shape Parameters on the Shifting Process of Automated Manual Transmission for Electric Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Bin Wu ◽  
◽  
Cunxi Chen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Force ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Manual Transmission ◽  
Shape Parameters ◽  
Shift Quality ◽  
Input Shaft ◽  
Simulation Validation ◽  
Engagement Process ◽  
Automated Manual Transmission

Electric vehicles equipped with automated manual transmission (AMT) provide the potential for improving the power and economic performance. However, due to the direct connection between the driving motor and the input shaft of the transmission, the higher moment of inertia at the input of AMT would lead to a poor shift quality. Based on the dynamic analysis of the engagement process of AMT without synchronizer, the dynamic model of the engagement process was established by using AMESim software. Through the analysis of the engagement process, it was concluded that the higher contact force and longer meshing duration under reverse contacting engagement condition is the main reason for the shift difficulty. In order to improve the shift quality, the influences of the sleeve teeth shape parameters of reverse contacting chamfer on the engagement process were analyzed and the simulation validation was performed. The simulation results showed that reducing the width and increasing the angle of the reverse contacting chamfer can effectively reduce the engagement duration and the contact force impulse, although the vehicle jerk was increased slightly, which did not exceed the most stringent criterion value of 10 m·s-3. Optimization of teeth shape parameters of reverse contacting chamfer can be considered to improve the shift quality of the electric vehicle equipped with an AMT.

‘SUBTLE SHIFTS’: HOWARD SKEMPTON'S TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY MODERNISM

Tempo ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (284) ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Arnold Whittall
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Tonal Pitch ◽  
The Ideal

ABSTRACTHoward Skempton's distinctive presence on the British musical scene, and his prolific compositional output since the mid-1960s, have presented commentators with certain challenges as they contemplate which labels to apply, and, for music analysts, which techniques to deploy. Skempton's own comments, in various interviews and essays down the years, remain the ideal starting point, suggest a range of contexts, some of which underpin this study. With reference to a few of his smaller vocal and keyboard compositions, the quality of constantly shifting rather than strictly fixed elements is explored. When pitch materials conform more or less exactly to tonal or modal tradition, rhythm is particularly important as a determinant of subtle shifting. But it is often the case that pitches identities themselves shift between functions best defined as tonal scale degrees at one extreme and post-tonal pitch classes at the other. The result is a very personal and unaggressive kind of modernism.

Study on a Control Method Used in the Semi-Active Suspension

2011 ◽  
Vol 128-129 ◽  
pp. 1025-1030
Author(s):  
Yun Tang Zhao ◽  
Si Zhong Chen ◽  
Zhan Zong Feng
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
The Other ◽  
Isolation Effect ◽  
Suspension Spring ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Active Damper ◽  
The Ideal

A new control method used in the semi-active suspension is studied. The force generated by the semi-active damper can be divided into two parts, one is the uncontrollable force, and the other is the controllable force. In order to make the sprung mass have the ideal isolation effect, the controllable force should be equal to the sum of the uncontrollable force and the force generated by the suspension spring. But the controllable force is limited by many constraints. Therefore, the control strategy can be concluded. The simulation results show that the ride comfort and handling stability are both improved by the control method.

scholarly journals Analysis on Decoupling between Urbanization Level and Urbanization Quality in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6835
Author(s):  
Xueru Zhang ◽  
Wei Song ◽  
Jingtao Wang ◽  
Bo Wen ◽  
Dazhi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
The West ◽  
Urbanization Level ◽  
Ideal State ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Relationship

After the first industrial revolution, urbanization level worldwide has increased rapidly. As the largest developing country in the world, China has witnessed a rapid improvement in its urbanization level in recent years. Nevertheless, the quality of urbanization has not been improved simultaneously. The relationship between the level and the quality of urbanization has thus become a hot topic for researchers. By introducing the concept and model of decoupling in the field of resources and environment into the analysis of urbanization level and quality, this study evaluated the relationship between urbanization level and urbanization quality of 285 prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2014. It was found that: (1) The urbanization level and urbanization quality in China are unbalanced because the former is growing in a faster rate than the latter. The average urbanization level of China has increased by 27.40% from 42.99% in 2005 to 54.77% in 2014, while the increase of urbanization quality, however, is much slower with only 11.21% for the same period. It can be concluded that China has paid more attention to urbanization level than urbanization quality. (2) From 2005 to 2014, the relationship between China’s urbanization level and quality showed a total of eight decoupling states, of which the main ones were strong negative decoupling (non-ideal state) and growth negative decoupling (close to ideal state), accounting for 38.32% and 33.49% of the total number of samples in China, respectively. (3) The change of urbanization level and urbanization quality in China can be divided into two stages: for the first stage from 2005 to 2010, with rapid improvement in urbanization level, and the other from 2011 to 2014, with rapid improvement in urbanization quality. (4) Spatially, the areas with significant decoupling between urbanization level and urbanization quality are mainly distributed in underdeveloped areas such as the west; and the decoupling presents the spatial pattern of the highest in the west, the second in the middle, and the lowest in the east.

scholarly journals Honey bees ( Apis mellifera ) visiting flowers of yellow melon ( Cucumis melo ) using different number of hives

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1768-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia de Fátima Ribeiro ◽  
Eva Mônica Sarmento da Silva ◽  
Ivan de Oliveira Lima Júnior ◽  
Lúcia Helena Piedade Kiill
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Improve Production ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
The Ideal

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) pollinate melon (Cucumis melo) and improve production and quality of fruits. However, little is known about bee behavior and number of hives required. The aims of this study were to compare bees visiting flowers in crop areas with different number of hives (0, 1, 2, and 3), and to evaluate which is the best number. Flowers were observed (n=78) from 5 am to 6 pm, for five consecutive days, in four experimental areas (0.5ha each). Comparisons were made for male (MF) and hermaphrodite (HF) flowers, number of hives and fruit production. The HF were always more visited than MF. Most comparisons made for three hives presented significant differences, since visits increased drastically, competition among bees for floral resources became stronger and reduced the production of commercial fruit (93.4%). On the other hand, the highest percentage of commercial fruit was obtained (99%) with two hives, setting the ideal number of hives as four hives ha-1.

scholarly journals Speed tourism: The German Autobahn as a tourist destination and location of “unruly rules”

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-313
Author(s):  
Matthias Gross
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Native Culture ◽  
The Road ◽  
The One ◽  
The Ideal

The German Autobahn has inspired many people’s imagination with its lack of a general speed limit, the quality of its road surface as well as its allegedly well-behaved drivers. One of the consequences of this positive reputation has been the emergence of a phenomenon I would like to call “speed tourism.” In this article, I treat speed tourism as a special form of tourism that involves viewing the driving experience as an opportunity for either testing the capacity of one’s own car or driving it at high speed as a way of experiencing the native culture at firsthand. I explore speed tourism as an alternative way of getting to know the real Germany as a tourist. Based on an analysis of several of its peculiarities, I argue that the Autobahn can be understood as a location where tourists can mix with “locals” while keeping a distance from them, since the interaction is restricted to learning and obeying the country’s rules of the road. The Autobahn then becomes a time-bound “dream location” created by the ideal of limitless driving freedom on the one hand and the paradoxical requirement of unruliness in relation to strict rules on the other; together, these are believed to offer an “authentic” driving experience according to local cultural customs.

scholarly journals Automatic control of air temperature in the greenhouse considering the weather forecast data

Informatics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
A. G. Senkov
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Control ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Mathematical Expressions ◽  
Forecast Data

The paper concerns the problem of improving energy efficiency and the quality of air temperature automatic control in industrial greenhouses. The article proposes a method based on the principle of disturbance compensation using weather forecast data. The plant dynamic model structure is described by the linear 1st order aperiodic link with delay both for the control circuit and for the disturbance circuit. To solve the problem of time delays in the plant mathematical model it is suggested along with the use of outside temperature sensor signal to take into account the weather forecast data for the outdoor temperature changes over the specific forthcoming interval of time. It allows the controller to generate appropriate compensation control signal in advance. The block diagram of the automatic control system of the greenhouse temperature is given. Theoretical mathematical expressions for the regulation algorithm and analysis of regulation quality are obtained and the results of numerical modeling of the temperature control process are presented. The proposed automatic control method can be used to regulate the air temperature in buildings with high requirements for microclimate parameters.

Linear Perturbation Adaptive Control of Hydraulically Driven Manipulators

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Ole Andersen ◽  
Michael Rygaard Hansen ◽  
Finn Conrad
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Tracking Error ◽  
Order System ◽  
Linear Perturbation ◽  
Lyapunov Approach ◽  
Robust Adaptive ◽  
Bounded Disturbance ◽  
The Ideal

A method for synthesis of a robust adaptive scheme for a hydraulically driven manipulator, that takes full advantage of any known system dynamics to simplify the adaptive control problem for the unknown portion of the dynamics is presented. The control method is based on adaptive perturbation control. Using the Lyapunov approach, under slowly time-varying assumptions, it is shown that the tracking error and the parameter error remain bounded. This bound is a function of the ideal parameters and a bounded disturbance. The control algorithm decouples and linearizes the manipulator so that each joint behaves as an independent second-order system with fixed dynamics.

Analysis and optimization of the gear-shifting process for automated manual transmissions in electric vehicles

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 (13) ◽  
pp. 1751-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Qi ◽  
Yiyong Yang ◽  
Xiangyu Wang ◽  
Zaobei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Manual Transmission ◽  
Evaluation Index ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Gear Mesh ◽  
Automated Manual Transmission

In recent years, it has been a trend for an automated manual transmission to be adopted as the powertrain for an electric vehicle. However, the strong degrees of jerk and power interruption during the gear-shifting process affect the shifting quality and restrict the application of automated manual transmissions. Therefore, it is a currently popular research topic to find an optimal method to improve the shifting qualities of automated manual transmissions. In this paper, the clutchless shifting process is analysed on the basis of a dynamics model of an automated manual transmission in an electric vehicle, and the parameters are optimized to improve the shifting quality using a defined comprehensive evaluation index. First, the dynamics model of the shifting process for an automated manual transmission is established by considering the stiffness, the damping and the non-linearity contact backlash of the gear mesh and the synchronizer. The whole shifting process is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink and compared with that in the Adams model and bench experiments to prove the accuracy of the dynamics model. Then, the factors of the shifting quality, which include the shifting force and the control accuracy of the speed of the driving motor, are quantified. With the comprehensive evaluation index, all the main factors are described in a cobweb model diagram to find the optimal parameters of the shifting process. The results show that the comprehensive evaluation index can be reduced by 23% by regulating the parameters of the shifting process. This study may be conducive to improving the shifting quality of automated manual transmissions in electric vehicles.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document