Smart Hybrid Mussel Adhesive Materials for Cell and Tissue Engineering

Mussel foot protein is widely known for candidate of strong adhesive materials. Six times fp-1 decapeptide repeats and fp-5 are chosen among the various type of foot protein and fused into (MAP) fp-151. Through various cell-adhesion analyses, we previously demonstrated that fp- 151 has the potential to be used as a cell or tissue bioadhesive. In the present study, to improve the cell-adhesion properties of fp-151, it was designed a new cell-adhesive protein, fp-151-RGD, which is a fusion with the GRGDSP residues, a RGD peptide sequence that has previously been identified at the cell-attachment site of fibronectin, at the C-terminus of fp-151. Also, recombinant fp-151- RGD maintained the advantages associated with fp-151, such as a high production yield in Escherichia coli and simple purification, it showed superior spreading ability, which is important for cell proliferation under serum-free conditions, as well as better cell-adhesion ability compared with other commercially produced cell-adhesion materials such as poly-L-lysine (PLL) and the naturally extracted MAP mixture Cell-Tak. The excellent adhesion and spreading abilities of fp- 151-RGD might be due to the fact that it utilizes three types of cell-binding mechanisms: DOPA adhesion of Cell-Tak, cationic binding force of PLL, and RGD sequence-mediated adhesion of fibronectin. Therefore, the new recombinant fp-151-RGD is suitable for use as a cell-adhesion material in cell culture or tissue engineering, and in any other area where efficient cell adhesion is required.