Production and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Waste Tire by H3PO4 Treatment for Ethylene Adsorbent Used in Active Packaging

Pyrolysis is one form of energy recovery process which has the potential to generate oil, gas and char products. The char becomes an attractive by-product, with applications including production of activated carbons, which is useful as a ethylene sorbent for climacteric fruit packaging. In this work, activated carbon prepared from waste tire, produced as a by product of the bio-diesel extraction industry was prepared via chemical treatment with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) at three different char:H3PO4 ratios (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) under fixed bed pyrolysis at 400, 500 and 600°C for 30 minutes in nitrogen (N2) flow rate of 1000 mL/min and heating rate of 20°C/min. Result shows that char pyrolyzed at 800°C contained high fixed carbon and low volatile content favorable for subsequent activation process compared to other cases.(data not show here) Under the experimental conditions investigated, impregnation ratio of 1:2 were found to be suitable for producing high-surface area activated carbon. It was shown that H3PO4 did work effectively as dehydration reagent at approximately 600°C. The obtained carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorptiondesorption isotherms at-196 °C. The surface area of activated carbons, which were determined by application of the BrunauerEmmettTeller (BET) and t-plot methods, were achieved as high as 833.50 m2/g. The chemically activated carbons were found to be mainly type II carbons and high adsorption property (Methylene blue adsorption = 622 mg/g and Iodine number = 899 mg/g).

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Chestnut-Derived Activated Carbon as a Prospective Material for Energy Storage

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13204658 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (20) ◽

pp. 4658 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Katarzyna Januszewicz ◽

Anita Cymann-Sachajdak ◽

Paweł Kazimierski ◽

Marek Klein ◽

Justyna Łuczak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Surface Area ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Rate Capability ◽

Activation Process ◽

Porous Carbons ◽

Subsequent Activation

In this work, we present the preparation and characterization of biomass-derived activated carbon (AC) in view of its application as electrode material for electrochemical capacitors. Porous carbons are prepared by pyrolysis of chestnut seeds and subsequent activation of the obtained biochar. We investigate here two activation methods, namely, physical by CO2 and chemical using KOH. Morphology, structure and specific surface area (SSA) of synthesized activated carbons are investigated by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical studies show a clear dependence between the activation method (influencing porosity and SSA of AC) and electric capacitance values as well as rate capability of investigated electrodes. It is shown that well-developed porosity and high surface area, achieved by the chemical activation process, result in outstanding electrochemical performance of the chestnut-derived porous carbons.

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Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from albizia saman pod

Journal of Science and Technology (Ghana) ◽

10.4314/just.v36i3.5 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 44-53

Author(s):

G. D. Akpen ◽

M. I. Aho ◽

N. Baba

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Surface Area ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Sieve Analysis ◽

Albizia Saman ◽

Temperature Surface

Activated carbon was prepared from the pods of Albizia saman for the purpose of converting the waste to wealth. The pods were thoroughly washed with water to remove any dirt, air- dried and cut into sizes of 2-4 cm. The prepared pods were then carbonised in a muffle furnace at temperatures of 4000C, 5000C, 6000C ,7000C and 8000C for 30 minutes. The same procedure was repeated for 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes respectively. Activation was done using impregnationratios of 1:12, 1:6, 1:4, 1:3, and 1:2 respectively of ZnCl2 to carbonised Albizia saman pods by weight. The activated carbon was then dried in an oven at 1050C before crushing for sieve analysis. The following properties of the produced Albizia saman pod activated carbon (ASPAC) were determined: bulk density, carbon yield, surface area and ash, volatile matter and moisture contents. The highest surface area of 1479.29 m2/g was obtained at the optimum impregnation ratio, carbonization time and temperature of 1:6, 60 minutes and 5000C respectively. It was recommended that activated carbon should be prepared from Albizia saman pod with high potential for adsorption of pollutants given the high surface area obtained.Keywords: Albizia saman pod, activated carbon, carbonization, temperature, surface area

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Effect of Activating Agent on the Preparation of Bamboo-Based High Surface Area Activated Carbon by Microwave Heating

High Temperature Materials and Processes ◽

10.1515/htmp-2014-0228 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 535-541 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hongying Xia ◽

Jian Wu ◽

Chandrasekar Srinivasakannan ◽

Jinhui Peng ◽

Libo Zhang

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Microwave Heating ◽

Surface Area ◽

Pore Volume ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Mixture Ratio ◽

Activating Agent

AbstractThe present work attempts to convert bamboo into a high surface area activated carbon via microwave heating. Different chemical activating agents such as KOH, NaOH, K2CO3 and Na2CO3 were utilized to identify a most suitable activating agent. Among the activating agents tested KOH was found to generate carbon with the highest porosity and surface area. The effect of KOH/C ratio on the porous nature of the activated carbon has been assessed. An optimal KOH/C ratio of 4 was identified, beyond which the surface area as well as the pore volume were found to decrease. At the optimized KOH/C ratio the surface area and the pore volume were estimated to be 3,441 m2/g and 2.093 ml/g, respectively, with the significant proportion of which being microporous (62.3%). Activated carbon prepared under the optimum conditions was further characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Activated carbons with so high surface area and pore volume are very rarely reported, which could be owed to the nature of the precursor and the optimal conditions of mixture ratio adopted in the present work.

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A comparison of different activated carbon performances on catalytic ozonation of a model azo reactive dye

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2012.103 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 179-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ş. Gül ◽

O. Eren ◽

Ş. Kır ◽

Y. Önal

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Surface Area ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Reactive Dye ◽

Catalytic Ozonation ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Pore Properties

The objective of this study is to compare the performances of catalytic ozonation processes of two activated carbons prepared from olive stone (ACOS) and apricot stone (ACAS) with commercial ones (granular activated carbon-GAC and powder activated carbon-PAC) in degradation of reactive azo dye (Reactive Red 195). The optimum conditions (solution pH and amount of catalyst) were investigated by using absorbencies at 532, 220 and 280 nm wavelengths. Pore properties of the activated carbon (AC) such as BET surface area, pore volume, pore size distribution, and pore diameter were characterized by N2 adsorption. The highest BET surface area carbon (1,275 m2/g) was obtained from ACOS with a particle size of 2.29 nm. After 2 min of catalytic ozonation, decolorization performances of ACOS and ACAS (90.4 and 91.3%, respectively) were better than that of GAC and PAC (84.6 and 81.2%, respectively). Experimental results showed that production of porous ACs with high surface area from olive and apricot stones is feasible in Turkey.

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Activated Carbon Produced by Pyrolysis of Waste Wood and Straw for Potential Wastewater Adsorption

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13092047 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 2047 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Katarzyna Januszewicz ◽

Paweł Kazimierski ◽

Maciej Klein ◽

Dariusz Kardaś ◽

Justyna Łuczak

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Surface Area ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Fixed Bed Reactor ◽

Physical Activation ◽

Activation Process ◽

Waste Wood ◽

Carbon Production

Pyrolysis of straw pellets and wood strips was performed in a fixed bed reactor. The chars, solid products of thermal degradation, were used as potential materials for activated carbon production. Chemical and physical activation processes were used to compare properties of the products. The chemical activation agent KOH was chosen and the physical activation was conducted with steam and carbon dioxide as oxidising gases. The effect of the activation process on the surface area, pore volume, structure and composition of the biochar was examined. The samples with the highest surface area (1349.6 and 1194.4 m2/g for straw and wood activated carbons, respectively) were obtained when the chemical activation with KOH solution was applied. The sample with the highest surface area was used as an adsorbent for model wastewater contamination removal.

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The Effect of Activated Carbon Properties on the Adsorption of Toxic Substances

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1992.0023 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 153-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

E. Diamadopoulos ◽

P. Samaras ◽

G. P. Sakellaropoulos

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Fulvic Acid ◽

Surface Area ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Ash Content ◽

Adsorptive Capacity ◽

Toxic Substances ◽

Carbon Loading

The objectives of this work were to relate the activated carbon properties to its adsorptive capacity. The activated carbon needed was produced in the lab from Greek lignite coal. Subsequently, adsorption studies were performed in order to evaluate the efficiency of the various activated carbons to remove toxic substances from water. Two organic substances were used. These were phenol and fulvic acid. Additionally, the adsorption of arsenic (V) was, also, investigated. It was found that the adsorptive capacity of the activated carbons depended primarily on the ash content and the compound. The capacity of the carbon to remove phenol, expressed as mg of phenol removed per g of activated carbon (carbon loading), decreased linearly as the amount of ash in the activated carbon increased. Ash-free activated carbons could adsorb 4 times as much phenol as the activated carbons with a high ash content. On the other hand, fulvic acid and arsenic adsorbed poorly on the ash-free activated carbons. Even for the high surface area activated carbons (over 1000 m2/g), the quantity of fulvic acid or arsenic adsorbed was significantly less than that exhibited by the high ash activated carbons (maximum surface area measured hardly exceeded 300 m2/g). As the amount of ash in the carbon increased, the carbon loading increased as well, up to a certain level, beyond which the amount of ash played no significant role. The beneficial role of ash was explained by the ability of the fulvic acid and arsenic to interact with metal oxides and metal ions, which constitute a significant fraction of the ash.

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Activated Carbon from Rice Husk Biochar with High Surface Area

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac113.1026510277 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 10265-10277

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Surface Area ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Array Detector ◽

Functional Density Theory

Activated carbons derived from rice husk pyrolysis (biochar) were prepared by chemical activation at different biochar/K2CO3 proportions in order to assess its capacity as adsorbent. The activated material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (DRX), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Brunauer, Emmet, and Teller (BET) method. The Barret, Joyner, and Halenda (BJH) method and functional density theory (DFT), presenting interesting texture properties, such as high surface area (BET 1850 m2 g-1) and microporosity, which allow its use as a sorbent phase in solid-phase extraction (SPE) of the main constituents of the aqueous pyrolysis phase. It was demonstrated that the activated carbon (RH-AC) adsorbs different compounds present in from rice husk pyrolysis wastewater through quantitative analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD), presenting good linearity (R2 > 0.996) at 280 nm.

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Production of High Surface Area Activated Carbon from Coconut Husk

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2014.315 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1644 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paul R. Armstrong ◽

Zachary J. Morchesky ◽

Dustin T. Hess ◽

Kofi W. Adu ◽

David. K. Essumang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Surface Area ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

High Surface ◽

Waste Product ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Coconut Husk ◽

Porosity Analysis

ABSTRACTWe present preliminary results on a processing protocol by chemical activation that transforms organic waste product such as coconut husk into high surface area activated carbon. Dried raw materials of the coconut husk were carbonized anaerobically into char. The char was impregnated with KOH of different ratios and were activated at 800°C and 900°C. The transmission electron microscope was used to acquire structural and morphological information of the activated carbon, and the surface area and porosity analysis were performed using Micromeritics ASAP 2020 analyzer. The activated carbons show both micropores and mesopores with specific surface area as high as 2900m2/g.

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