Environmental Performance Analysis of Rice Nitrogen Management in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 1156-1160
Author(s):  
Ming Xin Wang ◽  
Xun Feng Xia ◽  
Yunyun Zhu ◽  
Bei Dou Xi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
North China ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Nitrogen Surplus ◽  
Production Region

Rice had the largest sown area in China, so its nitrogen intensity had a significant impact on rural environment. The Surface Nitrogen Surplus and Nitrogen Productivity were defined and estimated for China’s rice production systems using statistical data collected from 1998 to 2009 at the national and provincial scale, and the temporal and spatial change of the two indicators was analyzed to evaluate the environmental performance of rice nitrogen management. The results showed that the environmental performance of rice nitrogen management in China was improved stably in the last more than ten years. The Surface Nitrogen Surplus of the indica rice in developed southern provinces is the largest, and was slightly less in the central region. However, the Surface Nitrogen Surplus of the japonica rice was much higher in North China Plain than in other dominated rice production region. The nitrogen intensity and its environmental burdens control should focus on the early and late indica rice production systems in South China and southwestern China, the medium indica rice production systems in Eastern China, and the japonica rice production system in North China.

scholarly journals Technical Efficiency of Chemical Fertilizer Use and Its Influencing Factors in China’s Rice Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1155
Author(s):  
Zhilu Sun ◽  
Xiande Li
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Fertilizer Use

Low technical efficiency and excessive usage of chemical fertilizer in grain production is a problem commonly faced by China and many other developing countries, which leads to serious environment pollution and high environmental governance cost. China is the largest rice producing and consuming country, and several kinds of rice are grown in China and all of which are important edible grain. However, there has been no systematic research on kind difference and provincial difference of technical efficiency of chemical fertilizer use (TEFU) for rice production. Using the data of China’s 22 rice production provinces from the China Agricultural Product Cost-Benefit Compilation and the China Statistical Yearbook, this study measures the TEFU for early indica rice, intermediary indica rice, late indica rice, and japonica rice production by using a stochastic frontier production function (SFPF) model, and then analyzes TEFU’s influencing factors using a Tobit model and conducts the robustness check using a panel data fixed effect model. We found that, on average, TEFU for four kinds of rice production were improved significantly during 1997–2018, increasing by 67.70%, 39.93%, 14.76%, and 21.88%, respectively. TEFU for China’s rice production have significant differences among different kinds and production provinces, and still have large improvement potential. Government’s fiscal support to agriculture, agricultural labor productivity, agricultural mechanization, effective irrigation, and implementation of the “Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Program” (STFFP) have significant positive impact on TEFU; and natural disaster and fertilizer price have significant negative impact on TEFU.

Marker-assisted breeding of a photoperiod-sensitive male sterile japonica rice with high cross-compatibility with indica rice

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangming Chen ◽  
Zhigang Zhao ◽  
Xi Liu ◽  
Linglong Liu ◽  
Ling Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indica Rice ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Marker Assisted Breeding ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitive

scholarly journals Applications of Vitrinite Anisotropy in the Tectonics: A Case Study of Huaibei Coalfield, Southern North China

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Yudong Wu ◽  
Quanlin Hou ◽  
Yiwen Ju ◽  
Daiyong Cao ◽  
Junjia Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North China ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Tectonic Stress ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
Thermal Metamorphism ◽  
Regional Tectonic ◽  
Projection Analysis ◽  
Huaibei Coalfield

29 oriented and 10 nonoriented coal samples are collected in the study from three different regions of the Huaibei coalfield, eastern China, and their vitrinite reflectance indicating surface (RIS) parameters are systematically calculated and analyzed. Using the available methods, Kilby’s transformations and RIS triaxial orientations are obtained. The magnitudes and orientations of the RIS axes of the three regions were respectively projected on the horizontal planes and vertical sections. The results show that the samples in high deformed region have significant anisotropy magnitudes (higher Bw/Rmax and Ram values) with a biaxial negative style, whereas the samples in the slightly deformed area have unimpressive anisotropy magnitudes with a biaxial negative style. Thermal metamorphism superposed might enhance the complication and variation of RIS style. RIS projection analysis deduced that the RIS orientation is mainly controlled by regional tectonic stress, and likely influenced by deformation mechanisms of coal.

scholarly journals U.S. milled rice markets and integration across regions and types

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-636
Author(s):  
Man-Keun Kim ◽  
Hernan Tejeda ◽  
T. Edward Yu
Keyword(s):  
Market Integration ◽  
Directed Acyclic Graphs ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Grain Markets ◽  
Potential Market ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Dynamic Relationships

Rice is among the top seven U.S. major crops in terms of harvested acres – covering over 2.6 million acres – and sixth in terms of sales, with annual cash receipts around 3.1 billion dollars. This paper investigates whether U.S. milled rice markets are integrated across regions and whether these markets are integrated by rice types. Understanding dynamic relationships across regions and types provides important insights for risk management and policy making. Of the four major producing regions, three are in the South – Arkansas-Missouri, Louisiana-Mississippi, and Texas – and the other is California. There are different rice types associated with a production region. California mainly produces short and medium grain; while Arkansas, Texas, and Louisiana primarily produce long and also medium grains. We determine the potential market integration of these rice markets by applying a Vector Error Correction Model and Directed Acyclic Graphs to monthly free on board milled rice price data from August 1986 to December 2015. Results suggest that Arkansas-Missouri region is the leading price reference in the long grain markets. Arkansas-Missouri medium grain also plays an important role in the medium grain markets. California medium grain markets are weakly exogenous in the short run, but affected by Arkansas-Missouri medium grain in the longer term. As anticipated, Arkansas-Missouri long grain milled rice markets are driven by rough rice futures price in the longer term. Interestingly, Arkansas-Missouri medium grain market has a sizable impact on long grain markets even though long and medium grains are not substitutes. This may be due to land competition to long grain rice production in Arkansas, a major area of long grain rice production.

Ground cover rice production systems are more adaptable in cold regions with high content of soil organic matter

2014 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiju Liu ◽  
Weiling Liang ◽  
Hang Qu ◽  
Gengyin Zhi ◽  
Qiuxue Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Cold Regions

scholarly journals Impact of Herbicides on Non-Target Organisms in Sustainable Irrigated Rice Production Systems: State of Knowledge and Future Prospects

10.5772/13568 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Galhano ◽  
Laranjo Gomes ◽  
Fernndez-valientec Eduardo ◽  
Romeu Videira ◽  
Francisco Peixoto
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Irrigated Rice

scholarly journals Interdecadal Variations of Persistent Extreme Heat Events in Eastern China Under Global Warming

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naihui Zang ◽  
Junhu Zhao ◽  
Pengcheng Yan ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
Shankai Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
21St Century ◽  
South China ◽  
North China ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Extreme Heat Events ◽  
June July ◽  
Heat Events

Abstract Persistent extreme heat events (PEHEs) exert a more negative impact on society, including agriculture, plant phenology, power production and human health, compared to general EHEs. The temporal and spatial characteristics of summer PEHEs in eastern China were analysed based on a daily maximum temperature dataset from 759 stations over the period of 1961–2018. The results show the following: Persistent distributions of PEHEs show that they are characterized by an exponential decay with a drop in the decay rate. In terms of spatial distribution, there is an apparent regional difference in the duration of PEHEs. North China is dominated by multi-frequency and short-duration EHEs, while South China is the opposite. PEHEs in North China and the Huanghuai region mainly occur in June-July but mostly in July and August in South China. Strongly responding to global warming, the frequency and duration of PEHEs in North China have increased since the 1990s. However, the frequency of PEHEs in North China and the Huanghuai region has shown opposite trends in June-July since the beginning of the 21st century. Affected by the atmospheric circulations, the regional differences in PEHE frequency are also apparent. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the PEHEs in North China and the Huanghuai area have shown an increasing trend in August. The short-term PEHEs in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and South China increased rapidly in the 2000s, while long-term PEHEs increased in the 2010s. This study implies that attention should be paid to not only the frequency of EH days but also to the persistence of EHE which is a key characteristic of damaging EH.

scholarly journals A Way Forward to Combat Insect Pest in Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
MP Ali ◽  
B Nessa ◽  
MT Khatun ◽  
MU Salam ◽  
MS Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Management Options

The damage caused by insect pest is the continual factor for the reduction of rice production. To date, 232 rice insect pest species are identified in Bangladesh and more than 100 species of insects are considered pests in rice production systems globally, but only about 20 - 33 species can cause significant economic loss. The major goal of this study is to explore all the possible ways of developed and proposed technologies for rice insect pests management and minimize economic losses. Insect pests cause 20% average yield loss in Asia where more than 90% of the world's rice is produced. In Bangladesh, outbreak of several insects such as rice hispa, leafroller, gallmidge, stem borers and brown planthopper (BPH) occurs as severe forms. Based on previous reports, yield loss can reach upto 62% in an outbreak situation due to hispa infestation. However, BPH can cause 44% yield loss in severe infestested field. To overcome the outbreaks in odd years and to keep the loss upto 5%, it is necessary to take some preventive measures such as planting of resistant or tolerant variety, stop insecticide spraying at early establishment of rice, establish early warning and forecasting system, avoid cultivation of susceptible variety and following crop rotation. Subsequent quick management options such as insecticidal treatment for specific insect pest should also be broadcasted through variety of information systems. Advanced genomic tool can be used to develop genetically modified insect and plants for sustainable pest management. In addition, to stipulate farmers not use insecticides at early crop stgae and minimize general annualized loss, some interventions including training rice farmers, regular field monitoring, digitalization in correct insect pests identification and their management (example; BRRI rice doctor mobile app), and demonstration in farmers field. Each technology itself solely or combination of two or more or all the packages can combat the insect pests, save natural enemies, harvest expected yield and contribute to safe food production in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Rice J. 25 (1) : 1-22, 2021

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