Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanowhiskers in N, N-Dimethylacetamide

2012 ◽  
Vol 528 ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Qu ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Li Ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Cellulose Nanowhiskers ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Amorphous Character

Reinforcement of polymer with plant whiskers is a way of improving mechanical properties. Cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) were separated from commercially available wood pulpboard. Different microscopy techniques, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction were used to study the structure and properties of the microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and CNW. Because of the high specific surface area of CNW, the increases in total amorphous character of the cellulose decrease the relative degree of crystallinity. After chemical and physical treatment, the CNW in the length of several μm and diameters ranging from 20 - 50 nm was obtained. Both the initial decomposing temperature and temperature of maximum decomposing rate of CNW is higher than MCC, but lower than wood pulpboard.

scholarly journals Rapid four-component synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles using nano-eggshell/Ti(IV) as a highly compatible natural based catalyst

BMC Chemistry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arefeh Dehghani Tafti ◽  
Bi Bi Fatemeh Mirjalili ◽  
Abdolhamid Bamoniri ◽  
Naeimeh Salehi
Keyword(s):  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Diffraction Field ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solvent Free Conditions ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Work Up

AbstractNano-eggshell/Ti(IV) as a novel naturally based catalyst was prepared, characterized and applied for the synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives. The characterization of nano-eggshell/Ti(IV) was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis. Dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles were synthesized in the presence of nano-eggshell/Ti(IV) via a four component reaction of aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, malononitrile and hydrazine hydrate at room temperature under solvent free conditions. The principal affairs of this procedure are mild condition, short reaction times, easy work-up, high yields, reusability of the catalyst and the absence of toxic organic solvents.

Synthesis, crystal structure and properties of a 2-D Cd(II) coordination polymer based on ferrocenecarboxylate and 4,4′-bipyridine ligands

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Long Zhong ◽  
Jing Quan ◽  
Xian-Xiao Pan ◽  
Wei Song ◽  
Bing-Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Polymer ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carboxylate Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Chain ◽  
Crystal Structural

Abstract A new cadmium(II)-based coordination polymer [Cd3(FcCOO)6(4,4′-bipy)(H2O)2] n (FcCOO = ferrocenecarboxylato and 4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine) has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The results of a crystal structural analysis has revealed that the title compound consists of two crystallographically unique CdII centers, one in a general position with a five-coordinated and one on an inversion center with a six-coordinated environment. The CdII centers are connected by FcCOO− units to form a metal carboxylate oxygen chain extending parallel to the [100] direction while the 4,4′-bipy ligands further act as bridging linkers of the CdII centers resulting in a layered polymer. In addition, an X-ray powder diffraction and thermal gravimetric analysis and a cyclo-voltammetric characterization of the complex have also been carried out.

Microstructure and Properties of Nanosemicrystalline Si3N4 Ceramics with Doped Sintering Additives: Part I. Microstructural Characterization of Nanosemicrystalline Si3N4 Powders

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2580-2587 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Ryu ◽  
J-M. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sintering Additives ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Si3n4 Ceramics

The characteristics of nanosized silicon nitride powders with doped Y2O3 and Al2O3 fabricated by a plasma-reacted chemical process were investigated. The chemical compositions of the powders were analyzed by wet chemical analysis. The morphology and the size distribution were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to verify the existence of sintering additives in each individual particle. The crystal structure of the powders was identified by the selected area diffraction pattern (SADP). X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used for phase analysis and the measurement of degree of crystallinity. The characteristics of chemical bonding was analyzed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

scholarly journals The In Situ Polymerization and Characterization of PA6/LiCl Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Sun ◽  
Jiang Li ◽  
Qinghua Pan ◽  
Chaowei Hao ◽  
Guoqiao Lai
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Anionic Polymerization ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phase Proportion

PA6/LiCl composites were synthesized by in situ anionic polymerization based on the interaction between the inorganic salts and PA6. Sodium hydroxide as initiator and N-acetylcaprolactam as activator were used in the preparation of PA6/LiCl composites with variety of LiCl content. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) testing results showed that both of degree of crystallinity and melting temperature of the composites were decreased under the influence of LiCl. And theγcrystal phase proportion increased with increasing the LiCl content to appropriate amount.

Physical and Chemical Properties of Mineral in Soils of Cassava Cropping Area: A Case Study in Chonburi Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 979 ◽  
pp. 440-443
Author(s):  
W. Siriprom ◽  
K. Teanchai ◽  
S. Kongsriprapan ◽  
J. Kaewkhao ◽  
N. Sangwaranatee
Keyword(s):  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The chemical and physical properties of topsoil and subsoil which collected from the cassava cropping area in Chonburi Province have been investigated. The characterization of both soil sample were used X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) while FTIR used to confirmed the formation of intermolecular bonding and Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) used for investigated the crystalline. It was found that, the XRD pattern indicated quartz phase. The chemical composition by XRF reported that the soils samples consist of Si, Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Ti, Cr, Zn, Ag and Cu. and TGA results, noticed that the removal of moisture and organics material.

scholarly journals Correlations Between Alkali and Crystallinity in lyocell-Based ACF Probed with X-Ray Diffraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 495-500
Author(s):  
Young Min Jin ◽  
Joon Hyuk Lee ◽  
Sang Sun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibres

This study examined the effect of alkalis on lyocell-based activated carbon fibres (ACFs) with high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas, using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Here, alkali treatments were conducted using 10 ~ 25 % NaOH and KOH on lyocell samples for 3 h at ambient room temperature. A secondary treatment with 4 % each of KOH and H3PO4 for an additional 3 h followed. An activated form of the samples was prepared by oxidation (stabilisation), carbonisation, and activation. The final ACF form of the samples showed a porous structure with high BET surface areas (> 1,000 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>). A 25 % dosage of NaOH produced the highest BET surface area compared to other samples. In terms of crystallinity, a 15 % dosage of KOH was found to be the optimum dosage to secure the highest degree of crystallinity among all samples. Meanwhile, the NaOH was successfully shifted the samples into the most distinct form of cellulose II. 15 % NaOH was found to secure the most stable thermal characteristics, as determined via thermo-gravimetric analysis. The present work demonstrates the various physio-chemistries of ACFs prepared with different proportions and types of alkalis, leading to intriguing potential applications.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Zeolite X from Boiler Ash and Aluminum Foil Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Intan Ayu Safitri ◽  
Iis Siti Jahro
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zeolite X ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Zeolite ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Boiler Ash

This study aims to determine the effect of the Si/Al molar ratio and the number of Na2EDTA additions on the purity and crystallinity levels of the synthesized zeolite X. zeolite X was synthesized by hydrothermal method at 70°C and 120°C for 3 and 6 hours, respectively. In the synthesis of zeolite X used boiler ash and aluminum foil waste. The results of characterization using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) showed that the level of purity and crystallinity of the synthesized zeolite X was influenced by the variation of Si/Al molar rasio and amount of Na2EDTA addition. The zeolite with the best quality was obtained from the synthesis with a Si/Al molar ratio of 1.6 and the amount of Na2EDTA added as much as 3.0 g. The synthesized zeolite X has a purity level of 75% and a degree of crystallinity with a total intensity of 845.

Characterization of Ni75Mo25 Alloy Prepared by Mechanical Alloying and Heat Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 203-204 ◽  
pp. 394-397
Author(s):  
Joanna Panek ◽  
Bożena Bierska-Piech ◽  
Jolanta Niedbała
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Powder Synthesis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

The process of Ni75Mo25powder synthesis via mechanical alloying (MA) was studied. Process was carried out from pure elements: Ni and Mo with a particle size under 150 μm. A ball-to-powder weight ratio and the rotational speed were 5:1 and 500 rpm, respectively. Oxidation was reduced by milling under an argon atmosphere. The milling process was performed during up to 60 hours. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy techniques have been used to investigate resulting products. It was found that the particle sizes decrease with the increase in milling time. The resulting powder consists of metastable Ni(Mo) and Mo(Ni) solid solutions. Milled Ni75Mo25 powder was subjected to heat treatment at temperature of 773K, 973K and 1173K. As a result of annealing the formation of Ni4Mo and NiMo intermetallic phases was observed.

Arc Discharge Synthesis of Oxides and Carbides of Tungsten and Aluminum

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Alexey Zaikovsky ◽  
Aleksandr Fedoseev ◽  
Salavat Sakhapov ◽  
Anton Evtushenko ◽  
Marina Serebriakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthesized Materials ◽  
Discharge Method

Experimental investigations of the possibility of arc discharge method for synthesis of nanoparticles of oxides and carbides of tungsten and aluminum have been presented. The method is based on anode atomization of composed graphite – aluminum and graphite – WO3 electrodes. The transmitted electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction were applied for the characterization of morphology and properties of synthesized materials. It was experimentally shown the arc discharge method allows to syntheses the nanoparticles of oxides and carbides of tungsten and aluminum

An Investigation and Characterization of Monkeypod Tree Flower Particulates Filled PLA Composites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balaji Ayyanar Chninnappan ◽  
K. Marimuthu ◽  
C. Bharathiraj ◽  
B. Gayathri ◽  
S. K. Pradep Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Samanea Saman

Abstract Samanea saman (SS) flower particulates were filled in Polylactic acid (PLA) composites were fabricated with different 0, 10, and 20 wt. % through the injection molding process. The elemental composition and morphology of SS PLA composites were studied through FESEM and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis. Thermal stability of the SS PLA composites specimens was carried out through Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). Crystal orientations studied through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) showed the presence of the orthorhombic SS particulates. The properties of the composites were investigated such as tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength, and Shore D Hardness. It was found that 20 wt. % of SS filled PLA composites has a superior tensile strength of 43.76 MPa, the compression strength of 37.94 MPa, the flexural strength of 72.47 MPa, and Shore D Hardness of 80.1 SHN than pure PLA. SS particulates-filled PLA composites would be used for low-strength applications.

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