X-Ray Diffraction Study of Cold Sprayed Ni-20Cr and Ni-50Cr Coatings on Boiler

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niraj Bala ◽  
Harpreet Singh ◽  
Satya Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Crystallographic Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Study ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Sprayed Coatings ◽  
Boiler Steels ◽  
Better Than

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a versatile, non-destructive technique that reveals detailed information about the chemical composition and crystallographic structure of materials. In this work Ni-20Cr and Ni-50Cr coatings were deposited on two boiler steels namely T22 and SA 516 steel. The measurement of residual stresses of these cold sprayed coatings was done with the help of X-ray diffraction technique. This paper discussed the XRD study of the as-sprayed coatings. Further the XRD technique was used to study the uncoated and coated steels after cyclic exposure to air, molten salt [Na2SO4-60%V2O5], and actual boiler environments. The results obtained from the XRD analysis have been shown. The weight change results showed that the coated steels performed better than their uncoated counterparts which might be attributed to the formation of protective phases.

X-Ray Diffraction Study of High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) Sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr Coating

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Manpreet Kaur ◽  
Harpreet Singh ◽  
Satya Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Diffraction Study ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Characterization Techniques ◽  
Xrd Study ◽  
Hvof Spray ◽  
Boiler Steels

Among the various characterization techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis is a key method which reveals various phases and protective oxides formed on the surfaces of exposed specimens. This paper discusses the XRD study of two boiler steels, namely ASTMSAE213-T22 and SAE-347H with and without High Velocity Oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray Cr3C2-NiCr coating, which were exposed to air, molten salt [Na2SO4-82%Fe2(SO4)3], and actual boiler environments. XRD analysis has been discussed and the results obtained from the analysis are shown. The performance of the steels was found to improve after the deposition of the coating, which may be attributed to the formation of protective phases.

Influence of High Current Pulsed Electron Beam Irradiation on Ni-P Electroless Plating

2011 ◽  
Vol 299-300 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Yang Xu ◽  
Sheng Zhi Hao ◽  
Xiang Dong Zhang ◽  
Min Cai Li ◽  
Chuang Dong
Keyword(s):  
Electroless Plating ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
High Current ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pulsed Electron Beam ◽  
6063 Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Better Than

The surface irradiation of 6063 aluminum alloy by high current pulsed electron was conducted with the aim of replacing the complicated pre-treatment in the processes of electroless plating. To explore the microstructure changes, optical metallography, SEM (scanning electron microscope), XRD (X-ray diffraction) analyses were carried out, and the sliding tests were used for the detection of wear resistance. It was concluded that the HCPEB irradiation could replace the pre-treatment of aluminum substrate as required in conventional electroless plating with a decreased surface roughness of Ni-P alloy plating layer. The plates exhibited an amorphous microstructure as demonstrated by XRD analysis. The plates, produced with the routine of HCPEB irradiation, activation and electroless plating possess, also exhibited good quality, even better than that of conventional electroless plating technique.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Design of Inong Balee Fort Binding Mortar For Restoration Purposes

Elkawnie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Muttaqin Hasan ◽  
Teuku Budi Aulia ◽  
Fido Yurnalis
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Powder Samples

Abstract: Inong Balee Fort is one of the Islamic Kingdom of Aceh heritage built in 1599 by Admiral Malahayati but several parts of the fortress wall have currently been damaged and the stone removed. Indonesian Government plans to restore the fort and this makes it necessary to examine the characteristics of the fortress mortar with a focus on the chemical composition and mineralogical elements. Therefore, mortar powder samples obtained from the fort walls were tested through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and the results showed the main composition of mortar is CaCO3 and SiO2 from a mixture of lime and sand while the others are P2O5, MgCO3, and Al2O3. Meanwhile, two mortar mixtures including 1 lime: 2 sand and 1 cement: 2 lime: 3 sand were designed for restoration purposes and they were both found by the XRD analysis results to have a diffraction pattern similar to Inong Balee Fort mortar. However, mortar with 1 lime: 2 sand has a very low compressive strength subsequently it does not meet the specifications of the SNI 6882:2014 and ASTM C270-19a while mortar with 1 cement: 2 lime: 3 sand has a compressive strength that meets the specifications. Therefore, a mortar with 1 cement: 2 lime: 3 sand is recommended to be used for the restoration of Inong Balee Fort.Abstrak: Benteng Inong Balee merupakan salah satu peninggalan Kerajaan Islam Aceh yang dibangun pada tahun 1599 oleh Laksamana Malahayati. Saat ini banyak bagian dinding pasangan batu benteng tersebut sudah rusak dan batunya sudah terlepas dari ikatan mortar. Pemerintah Republik Indonesia berencana melakukan restorasi benteng tersebut. Oleh karena itu perlu diteliti karakteristik mortar pengikat dari pasangan batu benteng tersebut, berupa kandungan senyawa kimia dan mineralnya. Metode yang digunakan untuk karakterisasi adalah dengan melakukan pengujian X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) terhadap bubuk sampel mortar yang diambil dari dinding benteng. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi utama mortar pengikatnya adalah CaCO3 dan SiO2 yang menunjukkan bahwa mortar tersebut terbuat dari campuran kapur dan pasir. Disamping itu juga terdapat kandungan senyawa P2O5, MgCO3 dan Al2O3. Selanjutnya untuk keperluan restorasi didesain 2 campuran mortar, yaitu mortar dengan campuran 1 kapur : 2 pasir dan mortar dengan campuran 1 semen : 2 kapur : 3 pasir. Hasil analisis XRD menunjukkan bahwa kedua campuran tersebut mempunyai pola diffraksi yang mirip dengan Benteng Inong Balee. Akan tetapi mortar dengan campuran 1 kapur : 2 pasir mempunyai kuat tekan yang sangat rendah sehingga tidak memenuhi spesifikasi Standar SNI 6882:2014 dan ASTM C270-19a, sedangkan mortar dengan campuran 1 semen : 2 kapur : 3 pasir mempunyai kuat tekan yang memenuhi spesifikasi Standar SNI 6882:2014 dan ASTM C270-19a, sehingga mortar ini disarankan digunakan untuk keperluan restorasi Benteng Inong Balee.

Identification of α-phase crystallization Pigment Red 254 in artist's paints by powder x-ray diffraction

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
Timothy Greening
Keyword(s):  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Alpha Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Laser Raman ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Crystalline Component ◽  
Artistic Applications

Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) is a pigment widely used in modern paints for industrial and artistic applications. Identification of this pigment in paint for art authentication and forensics has previously been accomplished with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry or Laser Raman. Three commercial artist's paints containing DPP were analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD). Alpha phase DPP was identified in two of the samples, barite extender the only crystalline component identified in the other sample. In conclusion, XRD analysis of paint samples can identify DPP, as can other organic analyses, but has the advantage of being non-destructive and also identifying the crystal structure. However, the fact that in one sample only extender could be identified does impose some limitations on the analysis of paints.

scholarly journals Nd-Doped Fe3O4 Nanoparticles: Microwave Synthesis, Catalytic Properties in Selective Oxidation of Styrene

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-590
Author(s):  
V.T. Geetha ◽  
S. Induja
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Selective Oxidation ◽  
Fe3o4 Nanoparticles ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Nanocrystalline Powder ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Study ◽  
Scanning Electron

Nanocrystalline powder of neodymium substituted iron oxides samples were synthesized through the microwave approach. The synthesized pristine Fe3O4 and Nd-doped Fe3O4 structural properties were analyzed by the X-ray diffraction technique. The microstructural details, morphology and elemental composition were assessed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy attached with EDX. The Fe3O4 nanostructures possess spherical morphology as well as consistent particle size distribution, which is confirmed by HR-SEM. The formation of Fe3O4 with high purity was confirmed by EDX and XRD analysis. The particle size calculated by HR-TEM images and crystallite size through the XRD study showed that the value obtained by both the methods is nearly the same. The catalytic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles are examined in the selective oxidation of styrene.

Failure Analysis and Remanufacturing of Construction Machinery Shafts by HVOF Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 771-774
Author(s):  
Ning Ma ◽  
Huan Tao Wu ◽  
Fu Xing Ye ◽  
Guo Sheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tensile Testing Machine ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Construction Machinery ◽  
Sprayed Coatings ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work, a scrapped cross shaft which was assembled at the differential of ZL50C loader was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the failure mechanism and was remanufactured by HVOF with ~500μm thickness WC-12Co coatings on it. The microstructure, phase compositions and properties of deposited WC-12Co coatings were investigated through optical microscope (OM), SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness tester and tensile testing machine. The results show that the coatings were very dense, and their porosities were lower than 1%. According to the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, the phase compositions of the sprayed coatings consisted of WC, Co and W2C. The microhardness of the coating was approximated to 1100 HV0.1and the bonding strength was higher than 63.7 MPa. It can be concluded that WC-12Co coating sprayed by HVOF was suitable for the remanufacturing of shaft parts.

scholarly journals Design of Ag Injection in Bi2S3 (AgBiS2) Thin Films for Photoelectrochemical Cell and Solar Cell Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T ◽  
Balasubramanian V ◽  
Sivakumar G ◽  
Kannusamy Mohanraj
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Cell ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Optical Absorption Coefficient ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Better Than

Abstract This study reports the opto-structural, morphological, topological and electrical properties of thermally evaporated AgxBi2-xS3-y thin film prepared for various x and y values (x= y= 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1). The films have cubic structured AgBiS2 along with orthorhombic structured Bi2S3 as confirmed from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The films showed higher optical absorption coefficient (105cm-1) in the visible region and band gap values are found to be decreased from 2.08 eV to 1.35 eV for AgxBi2-xS3-y (x= y = 0 to 1) films. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed the uniform distribution of spherical particles. Carrier concentration of the films are better than x= y= 0 as observed from Hall effect and Mott- Schottky plots. The FTO/ AgxBi2-xS3-y (x= y = 1) photoelectrochemical cell yields the photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.03 %. The device FTO/ AgxBi2-xS3-y (x= y = 1) CdS/Ag solar cell has exhibited PCE of 3.26%.

scholarly journals Identification of inversion domains in KTiOPO4viaresonant X-ray diffraction

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Fabrizi ◽  
Pamela A. Thomas ◽  
Gareth Nisbet ◽  
Stephen P. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Bragg Reflection ◽  
Crystallographic Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polar Materials ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Ray Methods

A novel method is presented for the identification of the absolute crystallographic structure in multi-domain polar materials such as ferroelectric KTiOPO4. Resonant (or `anomalous') X-ray diffraction spectra collected across the absorptionKedge of Ti (4.966 keV) on a single Bragg reflection demonstrate a huge intensity ratio above and below the edge, providing a polar domain contrast of ∼270. This allows one to map the spatial domain distribution in a periodically inverted sample, with a resolution of ∼1 µm achieved with a microfocused beam. This non-contact, non-destructive technique is well suited for samples of large dimensions (in contrast with traditional resonant X-ray methods based on diffraction from Friedel pairs), and its potential is particularly relevant in the context of physical phenomena connected with an absence of inversion symmetry, which require characterization of the underlying absolute atomic structure (such as in the case of magnetoelectric coupling and multiferroics).

Identification of acid-insoluble filter-plugging compounds and optimal acid-washing procedures for tubular backpulse pressure filters

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
KEVIN TAYLOR ◽  
RICH ADDERLY ◽  
GAVIN BAXTER
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Sulfamic Acid ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Metal Sulfides ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gypsum Formation ◽  
Acid Washing ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Over time, performance of tubular backpulse pressure filters in kraft mills deteriorates, even with regular acid washing. Unscheduled filter replacement due to filter plugging results in significant costs and may result in mill downtime. We identified acid-insoluble filter-plugging materials by scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis in both polypropylene and Gore-Tex™ membrane filter socks. The major filter-plugging components were calcium sulfate (gypsum), calcium phosphate (hydroxylapatite), aluminosilicate clays, metal sulfides, and carbon. We carried out detailed sample analysis of both the standard acid-washing procedure and a modified procedure. Filter plugging by gypsum and metal sulfides appeared to occur because of the acid-washing procedure. Gypsum formation on the filter resulted from significant hydrolysis of sulfamic acid solution at temperatures greater than 130°F. Modification of the acid-washing procedure greatly reduced the amount of gypsum and addition of a surfactant to the acid reduced wash time and mobilized some of the carbon from the filter. With surfactant, acid washing was 95% complete after 40 min.

Highlights in the history of X-ray topography1

1995 ◽  
Vol 210 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Domain ◽  
Diffraction Theory ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Structure Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dislocation Sources ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractX-ray topography provides a non-destructive method of mapping point-by-point variations in orientation and reflecting power within crystals. The discovery, made by several workers independently, that in nearly perfect crystals it was possible to detect individual dislocations by X-ray diffraction contrast started an epoch of rapid exploitation of X-ray topography as a new, general method for assessing crystal perfection. Another discovery, that of X-ray Pendellösung, led to important theoretical developments in X-ray diffraction theory and to a new and precise method for measuring structure factors on an absolute scale. Other highlights picked out for mention are studies of Frank-Read dislocation sources, the discovery of long dislocation helices and lines of coaxial dislocation loops in aluminium, of internal magnetic domain structures in Fe-3 wt.% Si, and of stacking faults in silicon and natural diamonds.

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