Optimization of Synthesis Technology of Acetylferrocene by Response Surface Methodology

2012 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 162-165
Author(s):  
Da Wei Yin ◽  
Gang Tao Liang ◽  
Xiao Ming Sun ◽  
Yu Ting Liu
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Acetyl Chloride ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Experimental Yield ◽  
Central Composite

Acetylferrocene was synthesized by acetyl chloride and ferrocene as raw materials, dichloromethane as the solvent, and ZnO as catalyst. Response surface methodology based on three-level, three-variable central composite rotable design was used to evaluate the interactive effects of the ratio of acetyl chloride and ferrocene(2-4), the amount of ZnO(1.0-1.3mol), reaction time(30-60 min)on the percentage yield of acylferrocene. The optimal raw material ratio, amount catalyst, and reaction time was 3:1, 1.19mol, 40min. Under the optimum conditions, the actual experimental yield can reach 86.72%.

scholarly journals Optimization of Enzymatic Synthesis of Betulinic Acid Amide in Organic Solvent by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Nurul Atikah Amin Yusof ◽  
Nursyamsyila Mat Hadzir ◽  
Siti Efliza Ashari ◽  
Nor Suhaila Mohamad Hanapi ◽  
Rossuriati Dol Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Betulinic Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Substrate Molar Ratio

Optimization of the lipase catalyzed enzymatic synthesis of betulinic acid amide in the presence of immobilized lipase, Novozym 435 from Candida antartica as a biocatalyst was studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) and 5-level-4-factor central-composite rotatable design (CCRD) were employed to evaluate the effects of the synthesis parameters, such as reaction time (20–36 h), reaction temperature (37–45 °C), substrate molar ratio of betulinic acid to butylamine (1:1–1:3), and enzyme amounts (80–120 mg) on the percentage yield of betulinic acid amide by direct amidation reaction. The optimum conditions for synthesis were: reaction time of 28 h 33 min, reaction temperature of 42.92 °C, substrate molar ratio of 1:2.21, and enzyme amount of 97.77 mg. The percentage yield of actual experimental values obtained 65.09% which compared well with the maximum predicted value of 67.23%. The obtained amide was characterized by GC, GCMS and 13C NMR. Betulinic acid amide (BAA) showed a better cytotoxicity compared to betulinic acid as the concentration inhibited 50% of the cell growth (IC50) against MDA-MB-231 cell line (IC50 < 30 µg/mL).

Optimization of Biodiesel Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis from Castor Oil Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Sabzimaleki ◽  
Barat Ghobadian ◽  
Mohsen Mazloom Farsibaf ◽  
Gholamhassan Najafi ◽  
Masoud Dehghani Soufi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Yield ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Central Composite

Abstract Production of biodiesel from castor oil (CO) using ultrasound-assisted has been investigated in this study. The objective of the present work was therefore to determine the relationship between various important parameters of the alkaline-catalyzed transesterification process to obtain a high reaction yield in a short time. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to statistically analyze and optimize the operating parameters of the process. A central composite design (CCD) was approved to study the effects of the reaction time, the methanol to oil molar ratio, the ultrasonic cycle and the ultrasonic amplitude on reaction yield. The optimum conditions for alkaline-catalyzed transesterification of CO was found to be a reaction time of 540 s, methanol to oil molar ratio of 8.15:1,ultrasonic cycle of 0.73% and ultrasonic amplitude 64.34%. By exerting the calculated optimum condition in the process, the reaction yield reached 87.0494%. The results from the RSM analysis indicated that the reaction time has the most significant effect on the reaction yield.

scholarly journals Response surface methodology for optimizing the glycerolysis reaction of olive oil by Candida rugosa lipase

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Singh ◽  
Mausumi Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Candida Rugosa ◽  
Candida Rugosa Lipase ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Immobilized Candida Rugosa Lipase ◽  
Central Composite

In the present work, solvent free olive oil glycerolysis for the monoglycerides (MG) and diglycerides (DG) production with an immobilized Candida rugosa lipase was studied. MG and DG production were optimized using experiment design techniques and response surface methodology (RSM). RSM based on five-level, a five-variable central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize MG and DG production: reaction time, temperature, molar ratio of glycerol to oil, amount of lipase, and water content in glycerol. The reaction time, temperature, and amount of lipase were observed to be the most significant factors on the process response. The immobilized Candida rugosa lipase revealed optimum yield of MG and DG as 38.71 and 40.45 wt% respectively following a 5h reaction time with 0.025 g of lipase and 5% water content in glycerol at 40?C temperature. The yield of MG and DG production can be enhanced 1.5 fold by RSM.

scholarly journals Application of Electrocoagulation for the Removal of Color from Institutional Wastewater: Analysis with Response Surface Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 470-479
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Electrode Combination ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Percentage Removal ◽  
Central Composite

The removal percentage of color from institutional wastewater was studied using an electrocoagulation process with different electrode combination at the anode and cathode. This was done by considering operational parameters such as pH at (3, 6 and 9), current at (0.03A, 0.06A and 0.09A) and reaction time at (20, 40 and 60 minutes). When electrode combined in the form of Al-Al (anode-Cathode/Cathode-Anode) and Fe-Fe (anode-Cathode/Cathode-Anode) the percentage removal of color was up to 95.50% and 97.24% respectively. On the other hand around 98.03% and 91.95% of color was removed when Al-Fe (Anode-Cathode) and Fe-Al (Anode-Cathode) combined at pH 9 and 60 minutes of reaction time respectively. Central composite design from response surface methodology was used up to analysis the statistical and mathematical data based on experimental results such as the model was significant for all electrode combinations. Similarly a quadratic model was used for further study of operational effects on the removal (%) of color from institutional wastewater. The value of coefficient of the determination (R2) also indicated the model was a good fit as well as optimization was done by Response Surface Methodology.

scholarly journals Optimization of Storage Conditions of the Medicinal Herb Ilex asprella against the Sterigmatocystin Producer Aspergillus versicolor Using Response Surface Methodology

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Xiaofang Lu ◽  
Chaoquan Luo ◽  
Jianyong Xing ◽  
Zhengzhou Han ◽  
Tong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Aspergillus Versicolor ◽  
Total Saponin ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Central Composite

The root of Ilex asprella is a commonly used herb in Southern China, and also constitutes the main raw material of Canton herbal tea. I. asprella is readily contaminated by mildew because of rich nutrients. Aspergillus versicolor producing sterigmatocystin is one of the most common molds that contaminate foodstuffs and medicinal herbs. Previous study on the evaluation of fungal contamination on samples of I. asprella revealed that A. versicolor was the dominant contaminant. In this study, experiments based on response surface methodology combined with central composite design were carried out to determine the optimal storage conditions of I. asprella to minimize the contamination of sterigmatocystin. The herb, manually innoculated with A. versicolor, was stored under different temperatures (20–40 °C) and humidity (80–95%) for seven days. The effects of temperature and humidity were evaluated using total saponin, polysaccharide and the sterigmatocystin levels as quality indexes. The results showed that A. versicolor grew quickly and produced large amounts of sterigmatocystin on I. asprella, at humidity ranging from 85% to 90% and temperatures above 26 °C. Meanwhile, total saponin and polysaccharide amounts were reduced significantly. These findings suggested that I. asprella samples should be stored in an environment with humidity and temperature below 85% and 26 °C, respectively, to reduce A. versicolor growth and sterigmatocystin production.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF TRANSESTERIFICATION OF TRA FAT WITH KOH/y Al2O3 CATALYST USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Huong Thi Thanh Le ◽  
Tan Viet Le ◽  
Tan Minh Phan ◽  
Hoa Thi Viet Tran
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Heterogenous Catalyst ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

In this study, biodiesel was produced from fat of tra catfish by methanolysis reaction with KOH/y-A12O3 heterogenous catalyst. This research was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) based on four-variable central composite design (CCD) with a = 1,54671. The transesterification process variables and their investigated ranges were methanol/fat molar ratio (X1: 7/1 - 9/1), catalyst concentration (X2: 5%-7%), reaction time (X3: 60 min - 120 min), and reaction temperature (X4: 55 °C - 65 °C). The result show the biodiesel yield could be reach up to 92,8 % using the following optimized reaction condition: molar ratio of methanol/fat at 8,26/1, catalyst concentration of 5,79 %, reaction time of 96 min, and reaction temperature at 59,6 °C.

Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of the Ultrasonic Extraction of Polysaccharides from Melaleuca ahemifolia

2013 ◽  
Vol 655-657 ◽  
pp. 1987-1995
Author(s):  
Yue Xiao ◽  
He Ping Yu ◽  
Li Jing Lin
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Experimental Yield ◽  
Optimum Extraction

An ultrasonic-assisted procedure for the extraction of polysaccharides from Melaleuca ahemifolia was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). A Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to investigate the effects of extraction time, ratio of water to raw material and ultrasonic power on the extraction yield of polysaccharides.The statistical analysis indicated that three variables and the quadratic terms had significant effects on the yield (p＜0.05). The experimental data obtained were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and further analyzed by appropriate statistical methods (ANOVA). The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time of 21 min, ratio of water to raw material of 40, ultrasonic power of 170 W. Under the optimization conditions, the experimental yield of polysaccharides was 6.194%, which was in good agreement with the predicted value (6.288%).

scholarly journals Optimization of extraction conditions of flavonoids from Houttuynia cordata Thumb leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Anh T. Vu
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Cellulase Enzyme ◽  
Central Composite

This study was conducted to investigate the application of cellulase enzyme in the extraction of flavonoids from Houttuynia cordata Thumb leaves and optimize the extraction conditions. Independent variables, including enzyme concentration (25 - 100 µg/mL), temperature (30 - 50oC), time (30 - 120 min) and ratio of raw materials to enzyme (1:15 - 1:30 g/mL), were investigated. Extraction conditions of flavonoids were designed according to Central Composite Design - Uniform Precision (CCD), a response surface methodology using a software JMP Pro version 13. The results indicated that the optimal extraction conditions were found to be enzyme concentration (78.0 µg/mL), temperature (41oC), time (90 min), and the ratio of material to the enzyme (1:26 g/mL). Under such conditions, the highest content of flavonoids (24.04 ± 0.05 mg/g, dry matter) was obtained and validated. It can be concluded that the flavonoids can be optimally extracted under the optimal extraction conditions with assistance of cellulase.

Response surface methodology as a tool for modelling galacto-oligosaccharide production

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-470
Author(s):  
Claudia I. Vénica ◽  
Carina V. Bergamini ◽  
María C. Perotti
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Lack Of Fit ◽  
Central Composite

The experiments reported in this research paper describe the effects of β-galactosidase enzyme dose and cheese whey amount, on the maximum concentration and yield of galacto-oligosaccahride (GOS) and reaction time. The experimental plan was based on central composite rotational design (CCRD) and modelled by response surface methodology (RSM). The results indicate that the proposed mathematical models could adequately describe the concentration and yield of GOS and the reaction time within the limits of the factors that are being investigated. The variance analysis shows high values of coefficients of determination (>0·97) while no significant lack of fit was evident. Hence, the models could be employed to select reaction conditions applied in the manufacture of products enriched in bioactive compounds with high value-added.

Optimizing Alkali Pretreatment of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Ethanol Production by Application of Response Surface Methodology

2012 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sairudee Duangwang ◽  
Chayanoot Sangwichien
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Alkali Pretreatment

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is a potential source of cellulose which can serve as a promising raw material for the production of ethanol. The increasing interest on use of lignocellulosic waste for bioconversion to fuels and chemicals are justifiable as these materials are low cost, renewable and widespread sources of sugars. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of NaOH concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time for alkali pretreatment to increase the amount of cellulose for hydrolysis to achieve high glucose yield. Batch reactions were carried out under various reaction temperature, reaction time and NaOH concentration. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was followed to optimize the alkali pretreatment in order to obtain high amount of cellulose (%). The optimum reaction temperature, reaction time and NaOH concentration were found to be 130 ˚c, 40 min and 15% (w/v), respectively. The maximum value of cellulose was obtained 68.8% by using the above condition. 19.96 g/L glucose was achieved when reaction was carried out at 130 ˚c for time period of 90 min when 6% (w/v) of H2SO4 concentration maintained.

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