Study on Flammability Characteristics and Thermal Stability of Flame-Retardant PA Fibers

2013 ◽  
Vol 631-632 ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Min Zhao ◽  
Li Wen Tan
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Tg Analysis ◽  
Flammability Characteristics ◽  
Degradation Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Better Than

The flammability characteristics and thermal stability were studied based on LOI, TG analysis and SEM tests. The results revealed that the additive flame retardant enhanced the flame retardancy of PA. The TG analysis showed that the thermal stability of flame-retardant PA fibers was better than PA fibers, because flame-retardant PA fibers got higher residue content and thermal degradation activation energy. The SEM images indicated the flame retardant residues were infusible, which can impede the molten dropping of PA fibers during combustion.

scholarly journals Thermal and kinetic analysis of pure and contaminated ionic liquid: 1-butyl-2.3-dimethylimidazolium chloride (BDMIMCl)

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayyaz Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Abstract In this research work, thermal decomposition and kinetic analysis of pure and contaminated imidazolium based ionic liquid (IL) has been investigated. As thermal decomposition and kinetics evaluation plays a pivotal role in effective process design. Therefore, thermal stability of pure 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride (BDMIMCl) was found to be higher than the sample of IL with the addition of 20% (wt.) NH4Cl as an impurity. The activation energy of thermal degradation of IL and other kinetic parameters were determined using Coats Redfern method. The activation energy for pure IL was reduced in the presence of NH4Cl as contaminant i.e., from 58.7 kJ/mol to 46.4 kJ/mol.

Effect of Modified-Silicon Rubber on Thermal Degradation and Anti-Droplet Properties of Polyamide 6/Melamine Cyanurate Flame Retardant Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 1511-1515
Author(s):  
Na Feng ◽  
Jian Hui Liu ◽  
Hiroshi Uyama ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Condensation Process ◽  
Char Residue ◽  
Silicon Rubber ◽  
Melamine Cyanurate ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

In this paper, the effect of modified-silicon rubber (MSR) on thermal degradation and anti-droplet properties of melamine cyanurate (MCA) flame retardant polyamide 6 (PA6) composites was studied by using thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and vertical burning test. TG analyses indicated that modified-silicon rubber could markedly promote the condensation process of PA6/MCA/MSR composites compared with PA6/MCA composites, and the char residue of PA6/MCA/MSR composites at 600¡æwas much higher than that of PA6/MCA composites. DTGcurves showed that MSR could slow down the rate of degradation of PA6/MCA composites. More importantly, there was no melt-drip produced when PA6/MCA/MSR composites was burning. It was concluded that MSR increase the thermal stability of composites and could effectively prevent the formation of melt drip.

Kinetics of Non-Isothermal Degradation of PFA

2012 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 138-142
Author(s):  
Zhi Hong Guo ◽  
Pei Jie Lin ◽  
Qing Yan Xu ◽  
Qun Shao ◽  
Yan Ping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Melt Processing ◽  
Kissinger Method ◽  
Secondary Reaction ◽  
Ozawa Method ◽  
Degradation Activation Energy ◽  
Degradation Reaction ◽  
Kinetics Of

Thermal stability can reflect the thermal degradation speed of polymers during the melt processing. In this paper, we used Kissinger, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Coats-Redfern method to study the kinetics of non-isothermal degradation of PFA. The thermal degradation activation energy obtained from the Kissinger method, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method and Coats-Redfern method is 228.5 kJ/mol, 213.9 kJ/mol and 237.4 kJ/mol respectively. The Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method indicates the thermal degradation reaction PFA is a secondary reaction.

scholarly journals How the Crosslinking Agent Influences the Thermal Stability of RTV Phenyl Silicone Rubber

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen He ◽  
Boqian Li ◽  
Ying Ren ◽  
Wu Lu ◽  
Yibing Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Mass Spectrum ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Tg Analysis ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Thermal Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Crosslinking Agents

In this work, a thermal degradation mechanism of room temperature vulcanized (RTV) phenyl silicone rubber that was vulcanized by different crosslinking agents was discussed. Firstly, RTV phenyl silicone rubber samples were prepared by curing hydroxyl-terminated polymethyldiphenylsiloxane via three crosslinking agents, namely, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), tetrapropoxysilane (TPOS), and polysilazane. Secondly, the ablation properties of RTV phenyl silicone rubber were studied by the muffle roaster test and FT-IR. Thirdly, thermal stability of the three samples was studied by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Finally, to explore the thermal degradation mechanism, the RTV phenyl silicone rubber vulcanized by different crosslinking agents were characterized by TG analysis-mass spectrum (TG-MS) and pyrolysis gas chromatogram-mass spectrum (pyGC-MS). Results showed that the thermal stability of RTV phenyl silicone rubber is related to the amount of residual Si–OH groups. The residual Si–OH groups initiated the polysiloxane chain degradation via an ‘unzipping’ mechanism.

scholarly journals Post-functionalization of Ether-linked Polymer via the Application of Ullmann-coupling Reaction: Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Degradation Kinetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Thermal Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Post Functionalization ◽  
Ullmann Coupling

A new ether-linked polymer (PE-A) was synthesized via the polycondensation of 1,4-dibromo-2,5-difluorobenzene with biphenol (A). The new polymer has shown a good solubility in non-polar solvents, as well as moderate thermal stability (up to 300 °C). The parent PE-A was subjected to post-functionalization modification applying the Ullmann-coupling reaction on the C-Br bonds of PE-A, where the bromo-sites have been replaced by aniline-linked moieties. The resulting polymer (PE-Ani-A) shows slight solubility in several solvents. Its thermal stability was enhanced by 36% when compared with PE-A. To ensure the significant impact of the inclusion of the aniline group on thermal stability, a thermal degradation kinetics study was performed and the Coats-Redfren and Broido theoretical models were applied to explore the degradation process. The calculated activation energy for PE-Ani-A degradation was thereby found to be higher than that of PE-A, which indicates the higher thermal stability of PE-Ani-A. For further insights into the thermal stability of the polymers, the limited oxygen index (LOI), which represents the flame-retardant property of the polymers, was calculated. The results indicate that PE-A is a promising candidate as a flame-retardant polymer (LOI = 46.7), since it has a high bromo-content. On the other hand, PE-Ani-A has a lower LOI although it has a higher thermal stability.

Thermal Stabilities and the Thermal Degradation Kinetics Study of the Flame Retardant Epoxy Resins

2014 ◽  
Vol 1053 ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Juan Tian
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Thermal Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Degradation Kinetic ◽  
Modified Epoxy

Thermal stability and thermal degradation kinetics of epoxy resins with 2-(Diphenylphosphinyl)-1, 4-benzenediol were investegated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at different heating rates of 5 K/min, 10 K/min, 20 K/min and 40 K/min. The thermal degradation kinetic mechanism and models of the modified epoxy resins were determined by Coast Redfern method.The results showed that epoxy resins modified with the flame retardant had more thermal stability than pure epoxy resin. The solid-state decomposition mechanism of epoxy resin and the modified epoxy resin corresponded to the controlled decelerating ځ˽̈́˰̵̳͂͆ͅ˼˰̴̱̾˰̸̵̈́˰̵̸̳̱̹̽̾̓̽˰̶̳̹̾̈́̿̾̓ͅ˰̶˸ځ˹˰̵̵͇͂˰̃˸́˽ځ˹2/3. The introduction of phosphorus-containing flame retardant reduced thermal degradation rate of epoxy resins in the primary stage, and promote the formation of carbon layer.

Application of Calculus Equation in Solving Thermal Decomposition Kinetics Parameters of Flame Retardant Wood

2014 ◽  
Vol 983 ◽  
pp. 190-193
Author(s):  
Cai Yun Sun ◽  
Yong Li Yang ◽  
Ming Gao
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Decomposition Kinetics ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Parameters

Wood has been treated with amino resins and amino resins modified with phosphoric acid to impart flame retardancy. The thermal degradation of samples has been studied by thermogravimetry (TG) in air. From the resulting data, kinetic parameters for different stages of thermal degradation are obtained following the method of Broido. For the decomposition of wood and flame retardant wood, the activation energy is found to decrease from 122 to 72 kJmol-1.

Flammability and Thermal Degradation of Polystyrene/Cadmium Sulfate Nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Zheng Zhou Wang ◽  
Charles A. Wilkie
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Cds Nanoparticles ◽  
Solvothermal Process ◽  
Cadmium Sulfate ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Microscale Combustion Calorimeter ◽  
Combustion Calorimeter ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Cadmin sulfate nanoparticles, hollow sphere (CdS-HS) and rode (CdS-NR) were synthesized by ultrasonic and solvothermal process, respectively. The effect of the two kinds of nanoparticles on flammability of polystyrene was investigated using cone calorimeter (Cone) and microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC). Cone data indicate that the incorporation of 1% CdS nanoparticles leads to a about 20% reduction in the peak heat release rate (PHRR) compared to the pure PS; CdS-NR is more efficient in reducing the PHRR proved by both Cone and MCC results. The TG results show that the addition of the nanoparticles mainly increases thermal stability of PS at high temepratures.

Meyer-Neldel Rule on thermal stability parameters (trap depth and frequency factor) of luminescence signals in quartz

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Kabacińska ◽  
Alida Timar-Gabor ◽  
Benny Guralnik
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Hydrogen Diffusion ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Frequency Factor ◽  
Proton Conduction ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Compensation Law ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

<p>Thermally activated processes can be described mathematically by the Arrhenius equation. The Meyer-Neldel Rule (MNR), or compensation law, linearly relates the pre-exponent term to the logarithm of the excitation enthalpy for processes that are thermally driven in an Arrhenian manner. This empirical rule was observed in many areas of materials science, in physics, chemistry, and biology. In geosciences it was found to uphold in hydrogen diffusion (Jones 2014a) and proton conduction (Jones 2014b) in minerals.</p><p>Trapped charge dating methods that use electron spin resonance (ESR) or optically or thermally stimulated luminescence (OSL and TL) are based on the dose-dependent accumulation of defects in minerals such as quartz and feldspar. The thermal stability of these defects in the age range investigated is a major prerequisite for accurate dating, while the accurate determination of the values of the trap depths and frequency factors play a major role in thermochronometry applications. </p><p>The correlation of kinetic parameters for diffusion has been very recently established for irradiated oxides (Kotomin et al. 2018). A correlation between the activation energy and the frequency factor that satisfied the Meyer–Neldel rule was reported when the thermal stability of [AlO<sub>4</sub>/h<sup>+</sup>]<sup>0</sup> and [TiO<sub>4</sub>/M<sup>+</sup>]<sup>0</sup> ESR signals in quartz was studied as function of dose (Benzid and Timar-Gabor 2020). Here we compiled the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) data published so far in this regard, and investigated experimentally the thermal stability of OSL signals for doses ranging from 10 to 10000 Gy in sedimentary quartz samples. We report a linear relationship between the natural logarithm of the preexponent term (the frequency factor) and the activation energy E, corresponding to a Meyer-Neldel energy of 45 meV, and a deviation from first order kinetics in the high dose range accompanied by an apparent decrease in thermal stability. The implications of these observations and the atomic and physical mechanisms are currently studied.</p><p> </p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>Benzid, K., Timar Gabor, A. 2020. The compensation effect (Meyer–Neldel rule) on [AlO<sub>4</sub>/h<sup>+</sup>]<sup>0</sup> and [TiO<sub>4</sub>/M<sup>+</sup>]<sup>0</sup> paramagnetic centers in irradiated sedimentary quartz. <em>AIP Advance</em>s 10, 075114.</p><p>Kotomin, E., Kuzovkov, V., Popov, A. I., Maier, J., and Vila, R. 2018. Anomalous kinetics of diffusion-controlled defect annealing in irradiated ionic solids. <em>J. Phys. Chem. A</em> 122(1), 28–32</p><p>Jones, A. G. (2014a), Compensation of the Meyer-Neldel Compensation Law for H diffusion in minerals, <em>Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.</em>, 15, 2616–2631</p><p>Jones, A. G. (2014b), Reconciling different equations for proton conduction using the Meyer-Neldel compensation rule, <em>Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst</em>., 15, 337–349</p>

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