New Isolation Technology of Rural Buildings

2013 ◽  
Vol 639-640 ◽  
pp. 825-831
Author(s):  
Shou Ping Shang ◽  
Bo Wen Zhu ◽  
Xue Zhang Wen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Isolation Layer ◽  
Rural Buildings ◽  
Practical Engineering ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Constructional Column ◽  
Great Damage

China is a large agricultural nation where most of the population and national economy is concentrated in rural areas. At the meantime, our country is a seismic country where earthquakes frequently take place. The earthquake disaster of Wenchuan in 2008 seemed that it always cost a great damage in rural areas. According to the present situation, a new type of seismic practical technology called steel-asphalt composite isolation lay is put forward with the characteristics of economic, simple and reliable. In order to test the effect of the new isolation layer, we have built a new house in use of the isolation layer nearby the rural areas in Changsha, beside the shaking table experiment in laboratory. The practical engineering in masonry structure has three floors and a basement. After the structure of the house had been finished, we tested the isolation effectiveness of the house. The results showed that the isolation layer can decay the acceleration about 40% and the isolation effectiveness is very well. Therefore, the seismic grade of the super structure can be reduced. So we took use of the High Performance Ferrocement Laminate as the ring beam and constructional column instead of the reinforced concrete. The cost of the upper structure can be reduced. And the money can be taken used on the building of the isolation layer. Therefore the whole cost of the structure didn’t increased.

scholarly journals Maximizing Throughput of The GEO Satellite At C/Ku Bands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabir Hussain ◽  
Ghulam Jaffer
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Geo Satellite ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ku Band

Abstract The need for broadband data has increased speedily but in underserved rural areas, the mobile connectivity of 3G and LTE is still a significant challenge. By looking at the historical trend, the data traffic and the internet are still expected to grow in these areas [1]. The next generation of satellites is trying to decrease the cost per MB having the advantage of higher throughput and availability. To maintain the performance of the link, choosing an appropriate frequency is evident. A multi-beam satellite system can fulfill the demand and performance over a coverage area. The high throughput satellites (HTS) fulfill this requirement using C and Ku bands. In this paper, we present the benefits of using Ku-band on the user site and the composite of C and Ku bands on the gateway site. This configuration has proved to be a cost-efficient solution with high performance over the traditional straight configuration. The data rate is improved five times both on upstream and downstream as compared to the existing available FSS system. Moreover, it has got an advantage to Ku-band user that they would enjoy the significant improvement in the performance without upgrading their systems.

DEVELOPMENT OF A HEAT-DRIVEN DEVICE FOR MOLDING LARGE-SIZED CONCRETE PRODUCTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
А.Ю. Боташев ◽  
А.А. Мусаев ◽  
М.А. Саидов
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Pressing Force ◽  
Power Drive ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Cost

Устройство с тепловым энергоприводом для прессования является разновидностью импульсных устройств. Оно позволяет значительно снизить себестоимость прессуемых железобетонных изделий. Для обеспечения высокой мощности устройства для прессования и уменьшения его габаритных размеров и металлоемкости в его конструкции используется тепловой энергопривод внутреннего сгорания. Существующие прессы для прессования бетонных изделий большой мощности конструктивно сложны и дороги. Поэтому прессование применяют в основном при формовании штучных бетонных изделий небольшого размера. Разработан новый вид устройства для прессования крупногабаритных бетонных изделий. Для выполнения этой цели сделано устройство с тепловым энергоприводом для прессования крупногабаритных бетонных изделий, обеспечивающее высокую прочность этих изделий. Разработанное устройство имеет высокую производительность. Получены зависимости для определения энергосиловых параметров данного устройства, а также необходимой величины давления топливной смеси, обеспечивающей осуществление процесса прессования. В частности, для прессования бетонной плиты площадью 1мвполне достаточно давления топливной смеси 0,9 МПа. При этом давление и усилие прессования составляют: P = 11,7 МПа При увеличении давления топливной смеси до 2 МПа усилие прессования достигает 20 МН, что вполне достаточно для прессования крупногабаритных бетонных изделий A device with a thermal power drive for pressing is a type of impulse devices. It allows one to significantly reduce the cost of compacted reinforced concrete products. To ensure high power of the device for pressing and to reduce its overall dimensions and metal consumption, a thermal energy drive of internal combustion is used in its design. Existing presses for molding concrete products of high power are structurally complex and expensive. Therefore, pressing is used mainly in the formation of small-sized concrete pieces. This article is devoted to the development of a new type of device for pressing large-sized concrete products. To achieve this goal, we developed a device with a thermal power drive for pressing large-sized concrete products, which ensures the high strength of these products. The developed device has a high performance. We obtained dependences for determining the power parameters of the device, as well as the required pressure of the fuel mixture, which ensures the implementation of the pressing process. In particular, for pressing a concrete slab with an area of 1 m, a fuel mixture pressure of 0.9 MPa is sufficient. In this case, the pressure and the pressing force are: P = 11,7 МРа , With an increase in the pressure of the fuel mixture to 2 MPa, the pressing force reaches 20 MN, which is quite enough for pressing large-sized concrete products

scholarly journals Special features of obtaining fine powders for additive technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 02037
Author(s):  
Elena Matys ◽  
Yury Deniskin ◽  
Ekaterina Stativa ◽  
Dmitriy Shlychkov
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Additive Technologies ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Fine Powders ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
New Type ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ground Material

The paper discusses some issues of fine powders production technologies adjustment. These powders can be used in concrete mixtures for 3D building printers. The work proposes the implementation of vibrational sieves which use the dry method of sifting fine and ultra-fine powders with high performance and efficiency. In this technology, ground material is removed from the mill which prevents the material from consolidation and the grinding process from the slowdown. The paper focuses on a new type of equipment able to withstand overload conditions of up to 30g. It is lightweight, compact, it does not require filters, cyclones, high-pressure fans, sluice feeders. Its sieves do not clog and do not require tightening which considerably simplifies and reduces the cost of operation.

scholarly journals Analysis of Façade Color and Cost to Improve Visual Integration of Buildings in the Rural Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3840
Author(s):  
María Jesús Montero-Parejo ◽  
Lorenzo García Moruno ◽  
Antonio Manuel Reyes Rodríguez ◽  
Julio Hernández Blanco ◽  
Jacinto Garrido Velarde
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Visual Integration ◽  
Rural Buildings ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Exterior Design

In recent decades, rural buildings have proliferated in the rural environment, in many cases clashing with the surroundings. One of the main objectives in rural areas must be to maintain a balance between economic and sustainable development. In the exterior design of buildings, it is necessary to follow technical and scientific criteria that respect the natural environment, and one of the most important parameters in this scenario is façade color. This article analyzes the costs of using different colors on façades and how color variations affect the integration of buildings in the rural landscape. It addresses the context of rural buildings in the Extremadura region of Spain, where large areas of undeveloped land are available to drive economic development. Ten technical projects and photos of buildings were used for the study. A palette of suitable colors developed and proposed in previous studies was used to improve the external finishes of the façades. The variation in cost was calculated between the current designs and improved alternatives simulated using infographs, and a survey was conducted to determine how the rating of the landscape integration changed. The analysis shows that a building façade in a suitable color is always a significantly better rated solution than a finish in white (by 9%–14%). The results obtained are important because they show that a small variation in the cost of a building can significantly increase the rating of its integration and, therefore, give value added to the intervention because it respects the natural environment.

The Experience in Organizing and Conducting the Analysis of Data on Nutrition of School-Aged Children in the Sverdlovsk Region within the Federal Public Health Promotion Project

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
NA Moiseeva ◽  
IL Kholstinina ◽  
MF Knyazeva ◽  
TV Mazhaeva ◽  
OL Malykh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
School Meals ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Public Health Promotion

Introduction: Implementation of the Federal Public Health Promotion Project should raise awareness and develop skills of healthy nutrition in children, thus contributing to disease prevention. Our objective was to evaluate the results of pilot nutrition monitoring in school-aged children of the Sverdlovsk Region as part of the Federal Public Health Promotion Project and the National Demography Project. Results: We established that school meals were generally satisfactory: the rations complied with physiological needs of children in terms of their nutritional value, basic nutrients, energy, and distribution of calories by main meals. We noted differences in the cost and nutritional value of meals and the variety of dishes and foodstuffs used between urban and rural areas. As a rule, pupils have one or two school meals a day. Outside of school, their consumption of dairy products and fruit is limited. Conclusions: Our findings may promote the elaboration of municipal programs aimed, inter alia, at changing the amount of sugar and salt used in the manufacture of public catering products, the cost of dishes with a high content of sugar, saturated fats, and salt, and subsidies on healthy nutrition.

scholarly journals Urban Sustainability at the Cost of Rural Unsustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5466
Author(s):  
Guangwei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Rural Sustainability ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Cost ◽  
New Framework ◽  
Japan And China

Urban sustainability refers to building and maintaining cities that can continue to function without running out of resources. However, growing cities require more land and urban sprawl has transformed surrounding rural areas into urbanized settlements. Furthermore, the prosperity of large cities depends on the supply of both natural and human resources from rural areas, either nearby or remote. On the other hand, the use of resources of rural areas by cities may cause negative externalities to rural areas, affecting their sustainability. Therefore, a critical, but very much neglected issue, is how unban sustainability should be pursued without affecting rural sustainability. In this study, cases in Japan and China were analyzed from resources and population migration perspectives to provide evidence for the possibility that urban sustainability might have been pursued at the cost of rural unsustainability. It was intended to develop a better understanding of urban sustainability through the lens of externalities. Based on the analysis, a new framework for urban sustainability study was proposed, which consists of three new pillars. Namely, externality, vulnerability, and population instability.

scholarly journals Development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks delivering early defibrillation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) in areas lacking timely access to emergency medical services (EMS) in Germany: a comparative economic study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e043791
Author(s):  
Jan Bauer ◽  
Dieter Moormann ◽  
Reinhard Strametz ◽  
David A Groneberg
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Emergency Medical Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Timely Access ◽  
The Cost

ObjectivesThis study wants to assess the cost-effectiveness of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) equipped with automated external defibrillators (AED) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA). Especially in rural areas with longer response times of emergency medical services (EMS) early lay defibrillation could lead to a significant higher survival in OHCA.Participants3296 emergency medical stations in Germany.SettingRural areas in Germany.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThree UAV networks providing 80%, 90% or 100% coverage for rural areas lacking timely access to EMS (ie, time-to-defibrillation: >10 min) were developed using a location allocation analysis. For each UAV network, primary outcome was the cost-effectiveness using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) calculated by the ratio of financial costs to additional life years gained compared with current EMS.ResultsCurrent EMS with 3926 emergency stations was able to gain 1224 life years on annual average in the study area. The UAV network providing 100% coverage consisted of 1933 UAV with average annual costs of €43.5 million and 1845 additional life years gained on annual average (ICER: €23 568). The UAV network providing 90% coverage consisted of 1074 UAV with average annual costs of €24.2 million and 1661 additional life years gained on annual average (ICER: €14 548). The UAV network providing 80% coverage consisted of 798 UAV with average annual costs of €18.0 million and 1477 additional life years gained on annual average (ICER: €12 158).ConclusionThese results reveal the relevant life-saving potential of all modelled UAV networks. Furthermore, all analysed UAV networks could be deemed cost-effective. However, real-life applications are needed to validate the findings.

scholarly journals Ship Handling in Unprotected Waters: A Review of New Technologies in Escort Tugs to Improve Safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-62
Author(s):  
Santiago Iglesias-Baniela ◽  
Juan Vinagre-Ríos ◽  
José M. Pérez-Canosa
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Hull Form ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
New Type ◽  
Technological Challenge ◽  
And Performance

It is a well-known fact that the 1989 Exxon Valdez disaster caused the escort towing of laden tankers in many coastal areas of the world to become compulsory. In order to implement a new type of escort towing, specially designed to be employed in very adverse weather conditions, considerable changes in the hull form of escort tugs had to be made to improve their stability and performance. Since traditional winch and ropes technologies were only effective in calm waters, tugs had to be fitted with new devices. These improvements allowed the remodeled tugs to counterbalance the strong forces generated by the maneuvers in open waters. The aim of this paper is to perform a comprehensive literature review of the new high-performance automatic dynamic winches. Furthermore, a thorough analysis of the best available technologies regarding towline, essential to properly exploit the new winches, will be carried out. Through this review, the way in which the escort towing industry has faced this technological challenge is shown.

Poverty Relief Programs in Postcommunist Countries: A Case Study on the Albanian and Chinese Programs

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110278
Author(s):  
Gentian Qejvanaj
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Means Testing ◽  
Poverty Relief ◽  
Private Expenditure ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Cost

Social assistance is a cash transfer program targeting the poorest households. China has created the Dibao (DB), meaning minimum livelihood guarantee, the most extensive unconditional cash transfer program globally with over 70 million people covered, whereas in Albania, the Ndhime Ekonomike (NE) meaning financial help covers around 15% of the total working-age population. Both programs are means-tested, have strict requirements for eligibility, and have been enlarged and modified in time to improve targeting and tackling leakage. In this article, we will look at similarities and common issues first, and then calculate the cost of enlarging both programs to all working-age population with no means-testing. We argue that a UBI (universal basic income) can increase private expenditure in health and education while costing less than 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) in both countries’ rural areas. We will conclude by looking at how the COVID-19 outbreak is pushing developing countries toward a UBI by first adopting a temporary basic income (TBI).

Sorting permutations by fragmentation-weighted operations

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 2050006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexsandro Oliveira Alexandrino ◽  
Carla Negri Lintzmayer ◽  
Zanoni Dias
Keyword(s):  
Approximation Algorithms ◽  
Computational Biology ◽  
Cost Function ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Evolutionary Distance ◽  
Lower And Upper Bounds ◽  
Approximation Factor ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Cost

One of the main problems in Computational Biology is to find the evolutionary distance among species. In most approaches, such distance only involves rearrangements, which are mutations that alter large pieces of the species’ genome. When we represent genomes as permutations, the problem of transforming one genome into another is equivalent to the problem of Sorting Permutations by Rearrangement Operations. The traditional approach is to consider that any rearrangement has the same probability to happen, and so, the goal is to find a minimum sequence of operations which sorts the permutation. However, studies have shown that some rearrangements are more likely to happen than others, and so a weighted approach is more realistic. In a weighted approach, the goal is to find a sequence which sorts the permutations, such that the cost of that sequence is minimum. This work introduces a new type of cost function, which is related to the amount of fragmentation caused by a rearrangement. We present some results about the lower and upper bounds for the fragmentation-weighted problems and the relation between the unweighted and the fragmentation-weighted approach. Our main results are 2-approximation algorithms for five versions of this problem involving reversals and transpositions. We also give bounds for the diameters concerning these problems and provide an improved approximation factor for simple permutations considering transpositions.

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